Joint Reasons for Judgment: Moldaver and Jamal JJ (Wagner C.J. and Rowe and Kasirer JJ. concurring)

I: Overview – (0:00:40)

II: Facts – (0:06:19)

III: Decisions Below – (0:11:11)

A: Ontario Superior Court of Justice – (0:11:39)

B: Court of Appeal for Ontario, 2020 ONCA (Fairburn ACJO and Harvison Young JA, Nordheimer JA Dissenting) – (0:13:02)

1: Majority — Fairburn ACJO and Harvison Young JA – (0:13:11)

2: Dissent — Nordheimer JA – (0:15:06)

IV: Issues – (0:16:02)

V: Analysis – (0:16:34)

A: Stage One – The Common Law Standard for Search Incident to Arrest – (0:17:16)

B: Stage Two – Determining Whether the Common Law Standard Must Be Modified – (0:19:40)

1: The Spectrum of Search Incident to Arrest Cases – (0:20:15)

2: Assessing Searches in the Home – (0:23:54)

a: Privacy Interest – (0:24:10)

b: Police Objectives – (0:25:50)

c: Balancing Privacy and Police Objectives – (0:26:32)

3: Modifications to the Common Law Standard – (0:27:42)

a: Reasonable Suspicion Required for Areas Outside the Arrested Person’s Physical Control – (0:28:51)

i: Defining the Surrounding Area of the Arrest – (0:28:58)

ii: The Nature of Reasonable Suspicion – (0:32:40)

iii: The Rationale for Reasonable Suspicion – (0:35:12)

iv: No Requirement for Reasonable Belief in Imminent Harm – (0:39:11)

b: Nature and Extent of the Search – (0:41:22)

4: The Applicable Framework – (0:42:57)

VI: Application – (0:44:01)

A: Reasonable Suspicion – (0:44:26)

1: Subjective Component – (0:44:36)

2: Objective Component – (0:45:09)

a: The Dynamic of the Arrest – (0:45:39)

b: The Nature of the Offence – (0:46:56)

B: Nature and Extent of the Search – (0:52:10)

VII: Disposition – (0:54:24)

Dissenting Reasons: Karakatsanis J (Brown and Martin JJ concurring) – (0:54:56)

I: Overview – (0:55:03)

II: Facts – (0:57:41)

III: Analysis – (0:59:53)

A: The Power to Search Incident to Arrest – (1:00:27)

1: Section 8 of the Charter – (1:00:30)

2: Common Law Power to Search Incident to Arrest – (1:02:16)

3: Searches in a Home – (1:04:23)

a: Privacy Interests – (1:04:33)

b: Law Enforcement Objectives – (1:06:31)

c: Summary – (1:09:30)

4: The Reasonable Suspicion Standard – (1:10:01)

5: The Scope of Safety Searches Inside a Home – (1:13:25)

B: Application – (1:17:17)

C: Section 24 sub 2 and Disposition – (1:25:06)

Concurring Reasons: Côté J – (1:27:41)

I: Overview – (1:27:45)

II: Section 24 sub 2 Analysis – (1:28:33)

A: Seriousness of the Charter‑Infringing Police Conduct – (1:29:08)

B: Impact on Mister Stairs’ Charter Right to Privacy – (1:31:34)

C: Society’s Interest in Adjudication on the Merits – (1:32:06)

D: Final Balancing – (1:32:46)

III: Disposition – (1:34:10)