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Charter Remedies: “Reading Down” GatheringLimits

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A significant case on privative clauses from the ABCA.

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Constitutional law — Interjurisdictional immunity — Aeronautics

(00:00:30) Summary

(00:00:32) Facts and Procedural History

(00:03:17) Held: The appeals should be allowed

(00:08:21) Reasons for Judgment: The Court

(00:10:14) I. Background – 3

(00:10:16) A. Opsis Case – 3

(00:11:51) B. QMS Case – 5

(00:13:35) II. Judicial History – 7

(00:13:38) A. Opsis Case – 7

(00:13:40) (1) Court of Québec, 2018 QCCQ 9803 – 7

(00:14:27) (2) Quebec Superior Court, 2020 QCCS 4772 – 8

(00:15:28) (3) Quebec Court of Appeal, 2023 QCCA 506 – 9

(00:15:31) (a) Majority Reasons – 9

(00:16:59) (b) Dissenting Reasons – 12

(00:18:50) B. QMS Case – 15

(00:18:52) (1) Court of Québec, 2019 QCCQ 5447 – 15

(00:19:52) (2) Quebec Superior Court, 2020 QCCS 3952 – 16

(00:20:39) (3) Quebec Court of Appeal, 2023 QCCA 325 – 17

(00:20:41) (a) Majority Reasons – 17

(00:21:19) (b) Dissenting Reasons – 18

(00:22:27) III. Overview of the PSA and the Regulations Thereunder – 19

(00:27:47) IV. Issues – 27

(00:28:38) V. Do the PSA and the Regulations Thereunder Apply to the Appellants’ Activities? – 29

(00:31:13) VI. Should the PSA Be Declared Constitutionally Inapplicable to the Appellants Pursuant to the Doctrine of Interjurisdictional Immunity? – 32

(00:31:22) A. General Principles – 32

(00:33:00) (1) First Condition: Intrusion on the Core of an Exclusive Head of Power – 37

(00:34:49) (2) Second Condition: Impairment of the Core of the Exclusive Head of Power – 40

(00:44:08) B. Application to the Facts – 51

(00:44:11) (1) Preliminary Remarks – 51

(00:46:51) (2) First Condition – 54

(00:46:54) (a) Opsis Case – 54

(00:49:25) (b) QMS Case – 59

(00:52:00) (3) Second Condition – 62

(00:52:03) (a) Methodological Clarifications – 62

(00:52:58) (b) Impugned Aspects of the PSA and the Regulations Thereunder – 64

(00:53:36) (i) Requirements for Obtaining an Agency Licence – 65

(00:57:19) (ii) Requirements for Obtaining an Agent Licence – 69

(00:58:25) (iii) Requirements Relating to Standards of Conduct – 71

(01:02:28) (iv) Power of the Bureau To Issue Directives Regarding an Agency Licence Holder’s Activities – 76

(01:04:45) (4) Scope of the Declaration of Inapplicability – 80

(01:07:33) VII. Conclusion – 85

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Constitutional law — Interjurisdictional immunity — Aeronautics

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Criminal law — Sentencing — Considerations

(00:00:12) Summary

(00:00:13) Facts and Procedural History

(00:03:28) Held

(00:08:52) Reasons for Judgment: Rowe J. (Wagner C.J. and Karakatsanis, Côté, Martin, Kasirer, Jamal, O’Bonsawin and Moreau JJ. concurring)

(00:08:57) I. Overview – 1

(00:10:33) II. Factual Background – 4

(00:10:55) A. The Offences – 5

(00:12:26) B. Pre-Sentencing Procedural History – 10

(00:15:02) C. Background of the Offender – 18

(00:16:41) III. Proceedings Below – 22

(00:16:43) A. Reasons for Sentence, Ontario Superior Court of Justice, 2022 ONSC 2274 (Aitken J.) – 22

(00:21:43) B. Ontario Court of Appeal, 2023 ONCA 552 (Hourigan, Brown and Monahan JJ.A.) – 32

(00:23:04) IV. Issues – 35

(00:23:36) V. Analysis – 36

(00:24:26) A. The Sentencing Regime – 38

(00:24:45) (1) Section 718: The Purpose and Objectives of Sentencing – 39

(00:25:44) (2) Proportionality and Secondary Sentencing Principles – 41

(00:29:02) B. Standard of Review – 47

(00:33:19) C. Did the Sentencing Judge Err in Principle? – 53

(00:33:29) (1) Consideration of Treatment and Programming – 54

(00:39:40) (2) Application – 64

(00:46:11) D. Assessment of Enhanced Credit – 77

(00:46:22) (1) The Development of Enhanced Credit – 78

(00:51:53) (2) Whether Delay Caused by the Offender Constitutes “Wrongful Conduct” – 87

(00:59:37) (3) The Standard of Review – 100

(01:01:32) (4) Application – 106

(01:04:27) VI. Conclusion – 112

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Criminal law — Sentencing — Considerations

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Constitutional Law: Interprovincial Railways; Provincial Regulation

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Elections Law: Stays Pending Appeal