Large-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine has created a number of new challenges for all civilised states. The threat and use of force, aggression, and pressure from a major, nuclear-armed world power and permanent member of the United Nations (UN) Security Council inhibits smaller states from effectively protecting their sovereignty and territorial integrity.
This issue is of a particular relevance in the context of recent statements by the Russian Embassy in Norway. According to one statement, the Spitzbergen archipelago “is not an ancestral Norwegian territory.” Some experts have, therefore, already raised concerns about the possibility of a new territorial confrontation in Europe in a repeat of the scenario used by Russia to annex the Crimea.
In February 2020, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said at the 56th Munich Security Conference, “We now realise that, unfortunately, a strong army or nuclear weapon or NATO can protect the independence and integrity of one country or another. No documents, no signatories, no memorandums provide such protection. This is what we are telling you as Ukrainians, on our own example. Because, in fact, the Budapest Memorandum of 1994 appeared to be not worse a paper it is written on for Ukraine.”