Step 1 Basics (USMLE)

Psych| Stimulants (Types, Intoxication, and Withdrawal)


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5.03 Stimulants (Types, Intoxication, and Withdrawal)

Psychiatry review for the USMLE Step 1 Exam.

  • Stimulants increase CNS activity and activate the sympathetic nervous system.
  • They can block reuptake of neurotransmitters or stimulate their release.
  • Intoxication symptoms include agitation, dilated pupils, sweating, euphoria, hallucinations, and increased norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin levels.
  • Prescribed stimulants: amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methylphenidate (used for ADHD).
  • Recreational stimulants: methamphetamine, cocaine, MDMA, nicotine, and caffeine.
  • Cocaine blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine, and can cause hallucinations, paranoia, chest pain, and potentially cardiac death.
  • Methamphetamine can cause tactile hallucinations where patients feel like bugs are crawling on their skin.
  • MDMA can induce feelings of connectedness, heightened emotions, and hallucinations.
  • Withdrawal from stimulants, particularly cocaine and methamphetamine, is characterized by depression, headache, malaise, fatigue, hypersomnolence, anhedonia, constricted pupils, vivid dreams, and flu-like symptoms.
  • Withdrawal symptoms are opposite to the effects experienced during intoxication.
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Step 1 Basics (USMLE)By Sam Smith

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