Pull Quotes

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Images of natural disasters are often devastating–but what’s it like to be behind the camera? Three photojournalists talk about the ethics and emotions of covering catastrophe, at the Ryerson Review of Journalism’s recent conference. Plus, visual journalist Ed Ou talks about photographing people affected by radiation from nuclear weapons testing in Kazakhstan.

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Flooded streets. Buildings in shambles. Devastated families. It’s often the images of natural disasters that sear into the public’s memory.

“There can be no disaster without representation,” said Blake Fitzpatrick, starting his presentation at the Ryerson Review of Journalism ‘On Disaster’ conference. 

But photographing disaster is a difficult task for journalists–and raises questions about ethics, representation, and emotional consequences.

Ethics behind the camera

When it comes to ethics during disaster, Fitzpatrick said, the stakes are high. People at their most vulnerable, and photographers are shooting from a position of privilege.

But Fitzpatrick said it may also be a privileged decision to decide not to take that picture.

“Often people will look to journalists to really be their witness, because they are not perhaps in a position to be their own witness,” he said.

Photojournalist Peter Bregg says the media “does take advantage of disaster”–and it can feel ghoulish. But, he’s there to show the rest of the world what’s happening, which can encourage help for the people he’s photographing.

Photography can be a way of “amplifying people’s pain” so the world can react productively, noted Ed Ou.

Fitzpatrick encourages people to ask, what’s changing for the subject by taking this photo? Is the answer is nothing, there may be some ethical issues worth considering.

“See the person beyond the tragedy”

When Ed Ou first goes into a place he wants to photograph, he often won’t bring a camera. He tries to connect with people as human beings first, building up rapport and trust.

At the Ryerson Review conference, he showed pictures from his work in Kazakstan, where about 2 million people were exposed to radiation through nuclear weapons testing during the Cold War.

Ou tried to spend as much as he could with people, to get a sense of who they are as humans.

He photographed a child who can’t walk because of the effects of radiation, but whose mother taught her to dance with her hands. 

Ou asked one man, born without eyes and with facial deformities, what made him happy. The man told him he loved playing piano–so that’s how Ou photographed him.

See more of Ed Ou’s photographs here 

“I try as much as I can to empower people so they aren’t seen as victims, but as people with their own agency,” said Ou. He says he’s constantly struck by how resilient and strong people are.

When covering disaster or conflict, journalists often try to extract a narrative of tragedy out of people, he said.  “But really, what we see is hope.”

“One thing that’s really important for journalists is to see the person beyond the tragedy.”

Emotional tolls

When Ed Ou first started covering disaster, he blocked himself from feeling “the right” to feel. The people he was photographing always had it worse, Ou thought, and he could always go home at the end of a shoot. But as the years went by, the effects of that trauma accumulated.

“It’s only when you’re back in your normality that you realize just how abnormal your experiences were,” said Ou, noting that it’s the smallest, most unexpected things that trigger him once he’s home.

There’s a belatedness to trauma, said Blake Fitzpatrick. When you’re in the field, “you’re sort of in reaction mode. But when you’re back home you’re front and centre with the radical difference between those two worlds.”

Understanding trauma behind the lens (J-Source)

It’s important to take stock of what you’ve just seen, said Ou, and think about how you’re being affected by your experiences. It’s not fair to bring that baggage to the next thing you cover.

The post Pull Quotes: Season 1, Episode 8 – Snaps of disaster first appeared on The Review of Journalism.

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After years of complaints, police have charged two men behind a Toronto paper called “Your Ward News” with promoting hatred against Jews and women. This week, we discuss the merits of hate speech laws and how journalists should cover white nationalism.

Podcast guests:

Journalist Evan Balgord welcomed the hate charges against “Your Ward News.”

“When we talk about some of the worst kind of publications out there, this might be the worst thing that is widely distributed in Canada,” Balgord said.

The Toronto paper often features Nazi imagery, personal attacks and offensive caricatures, and has been called misogynistic, homophobic, racist, anti-Muslim and anti-Semitic.

On November 15, editor James Sears and publisher Leroy St. Germaine were each charged with willfully promoting hatred against two identifiable groups: Jews and, for the first time in Ontario, women.

In an email, Sears said they “expect to easily beat these politically–motivated charges.” He said they will launch a constitutional challenge of the hate speech law, saying it violates their right to free expression.  

Toronto police say they’ve received multiple complaints about the paper since 2015. The hate crimes unit has investigated in the past, but did not previously lay charges.

Community members have long been outraged by Your Ward News, which is delivered without consent to homes in east Toronto and other communities.

A coalition has been advocating against the paper, and in 2016 a federal minister ordered Canada Post to stop delivering it.

But there’s a high threshold for hate-related charges, and police need the attorney general’s approval.   

“Being offensive, being nasty isn’t enough to qualify as hate speech,” said James Turk, director of Ryerson’s Centre for Free Expression.

Turk, however, questions the effectiveness of hate speech laws. He is concerned about any restrictions on free speech, and believes the best way to deal with hate speech is for community members to publicly denounce it and rally against it.

But Balgord said it’s not really possible to engage with and stop something like Your Ward News as a matter of civil discourse.

“I can’t think of another way to properly address the issues of Your Ward News, because they’re going to keep doing what they’re doing and pushing it out to people that don’t want it,” said Balgord.

The saga of Your Ward News

Your Ward News has been embroiled in controversy and legal battles; a community coalition has been trying to stop Your Ward News for the past two years.

In June 2016, then-federal minister Judy Foote ordered Canada Post to stop delivering Your Ward News, calling it “highly offensive and well outside the norm of Canadian values.” Editor James Sears, a former doctor who plead guilty to sexual impropriety with three patients, launched a challenge against the order. A review panel is currently conducting hearings.

Last summer the couple leading the coalition, Warren and Lisa Kinsella, launched a private prosecution against the editor and publisher of Your Ward News for allegedly uttering threats.

Lisa Kinsella is also suing the editor for defamation.

Warren Kinsella says he was relieved by the charges–but is “a little frustrated they did not happen sooner.” The evidence of extreme racism, Holocaust denial and misogyny has always been in the paper’s pages, he said, but “better late than never.”

Shownotes:

Editor of Canada’s Most Racist ‘Newspaper’ Charged With Hate Crimes (Vice)

The Campaign Against Canada’s Largest Pro-Nazi Newspaper

Why hate crimes are so hard to prosecute (Toronto Star)

The rise of the right (Canadaland Commons)

Interview with hate crimes expert Barbara Perry (Canadaland Commons)

Read Section 319 of the Criminal Code

Police charge blogger Kevin Johnston with promoting hate last summer (CBC)

Accurate adjectives

Balgord says journalists should use accurate language when describing bigoted groups or publications, even though they may face criticisms of bias. He has no qualms about using terms like “racist,” “sexist” or “anti-Muslim” if they’re warranted.

“As a journalist, I don’t accept that my being anti-racist is a bias,” he said.

“I think that should be a baseline that we have in society that overt racism is just no-go.”

Turk says people need to be wary of using terms like “fascist” or “anti-Semitic” too loosely; otherwise it strips them of their currency.

The post Pull Quotes: Season 1, Episode 7: Hate in the paper first appeared on The Review of Journalism.

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Hadiya Roderique made a splash with her piece in the Globe and Mail about the hurdles to success as a black lawyer in Toronto. This week we talk to Roderique, as well as Toronto Star reporter Fatima Syed, and Extra associate editor Eternity Martis, about the challenges facing people of colour in Canadian journalism.

Podcast guests:

Hadiya Roderique is currently a PhD candidate in organizational behaviour at the University of Toronto, a freelance journalist and co-host of Canadaland Commons. 

Fatima Syed is a reporter at the Toronto Star. Her work has appeared in the Walrus, This and Spacing. In 2016, Syed was behind the Ryerson Review of Journalism’s multimedia project “Why are we still talking about diversity?”

Two years after a major multimedia project on journalism’s diversity issues, Fatima Syed said the main problems haven’t changed: there aren’t enough people of colour working in journalism and not enough coverage of diverse issues.

“Everyone seems to want newsroom ratios to improve, but identities can’t be—and aren’t—captured in numbers,” wrote Syed for the Ryerson Review of Journalism in 2016.

In her recent Globe and Mail piece “Black on Bay Street,” Hadiya Roderique wrote that getting ahead as a black lawyer meant constantly having to “fit” in at her predominantly white firm.

As a journalist of colour, Eternity Martis says there are similar challenges.

“It’s the same people at the top who dismiss your experience, who don’t see it as valid, and you’re also still struggling…to get in there,” said Martis. When you’re a woman of colour, she said, the glass ceiling is “double panelled.”

Canadian newsrooms have long suffered from a lack of racial diversity.and minority communities are often underserved when it comes to coverage. Reporting on Indigenous people has historically been scant and often steeped in racism and stereotypes, noted the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (The commission’s calls to action specifically addressed media and journalism schools). While some institutions are attempting to improve representation, incidents like the “Appropriation Prize” debacle last spring highlight the ongoing problems of a predominantly white industry.

–How Indigenous journalists are changing the narrative -Erin Sylvester (RRJ)

–Newspaper columnists are “overwhelmingly male, white, straight and middle-aged,” found a J-Source survey.

-Around 90% of staff at CBC are white, Canadaland finds

–Journalists’ panel highlighted lack of media diversity — by not talking about it: Shree Paradkar (Toronto Star)

Jessica Johnson, the new executive editor at the Walrus, said that in order to foster “meaningful diversity,” newsrooms have to make a long-term commitment to people from marginalized communities and help them build a career.

“People commission people of colour or other voices to speak only to that aspect of their experience,” said Johnson.

“So a classic example would be commissioning a black writer to write a piece on race or discrimination, but never asking that person to write a major feature on something completely different.”

“That minority reporter”

Journalists of colour face a doubled-edged sword, said Roderique. You don’t want to get pigeon-holed as “the black person writing about black people,” she said.  But, if you don’t write about those communities, nobody else will. Syed said she’s constantly worried about the balance when she’s pitching stories; she doesn’t want to be cast as just “that minority reporter.”

A more diverse newsroom is good for business–it means a broader pool of story ideas, access to more communities, potential new audiences, and fewer embarrassing mistakes.

“There are so many things that editors miss, she said, from photo choices…to the words that you choose,” said Martis. “We get people who know nothing about the communities they’re writing about, and then they make those mistakes and they apologize and then it happens again.”

Shownotes:

Why are we still talking about diversity? (Ryerson Review of Journalism)

Black on Bay Street –Hadiya Roderique (Globe and Mail)

I’m not your kind of Muslim — Fatima Syed (The Walrus)

Collateral Damage — Eternity Martis (Ryerson Review of Journalism)

Token Effort –Anda Zeng (Ryerson Review of Journalism)

Guide for reporting in Indigenous communities

Diversity Style Guide

On diversity, Canadian media is throwing stones in a glass house (Maclean’s)

The politics of capitalization –Eternity Martis (Ryerson Review of Journalism)

Imposter syndrome and hate mail

For Fatima Syed, being a person of colour in journalism means perpetual imposter syndrome.

“You always have that very self conscious sense of am I doing right by doing here, should I be doing more by being here, am I using my platform well?” said Syed. “That imposter syndrome always stays with you.”

There’s also the “insane” hate mail.

“At a certain point as a person of colour in a newsroom you expect it… so you just learn to deal with it,” said Syed.

While it can be challenging, Martis says it helps that the industry has a strong, informal support network.

“Especially if you’re a journalist of colour, there are always people who struggled before you who are willing to help you.”

The post Pull Quotes: Season 1, Episode 6- Pigeon holes and double-glass ceilings first appeared on The Review of Journalism.

Every November, TV reporters don poppies and newscasts host Remembrance Day specials. Major world war battles are recounted, and we hear repeated phrases like “fought for our freedom.” But what stories don’t we remember? And what role should journalists play in passing on national narratives?

Podcast guests:

Ted Barris, journalist and author of several books on Canada’s military history, including Victory at Vimy: Canada Comes of Age

Jamie Swift, a journalist and co-author of The Vimy Trap: Or, How We Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Great War with historian Ian McKay.

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Kenneth Jacobs, a veteran who joined the army in 1943, speaks about his experience and attitudes towards Canada (Veterans Affairs Canada).

"Mike Foxhead, a cowboy from the Siksika (Blackfoot) First Nation of Alberta, was one of over 4,000 Aboriginal Canadian volunteers of the Great War." -- The World Remembers, A Passport of First World War Canadians

For more than a decade, historian Kathy Grant has been working to bring attention to the stories of Black Canadians who served during wartime. She’s carrying on the work of her father, a Black World War Two veteran who was determined to honour the contributions of unrecognized Black veterans.

For Grant, it’s important that people see themselves represented in war history and remembrance.  

“It’s when kids go to school and they’re learning about service every year and they don’t see images of themselves and they’re told oh you didn’t serve, or weren’t allowed…it has an effect,” said Grant.

“We were a part of history. It was not ideal, but we were there…we were willing to put our lives on the line…We were able to do that too.”

Grant interviewed several Black veterans for videos on the Veterans Affairs Canada website, and has collected hundreds of pictures of Black soldiers through her Facebook page, Black Canadian Veterans Stories of War.  

Grant says she’s glad to see more media attention around Black contributions to the Canadian war effort in recent years–and hopes that trend continues.

“Broadening” remembrance

Historically, discussions of war remembrance have often omitted stories of marginalized people. Indigenous Canadians, for instance,  have a long history serving in Canada’s military. Many, however, returned home only “to have their children consigned to residential schools and to find that they could not vote yet in Canada,” said journalist and author Jamie Swift.

The current rituals and language around “remembrance” were created in the 1920s during an Anglo-centric period when the Great War was framed by the victors as a heroic event,  said actor R.H. Thomson. A such, many communities do not feel included around Remembrance Day.

“Does it have meaning for the Chinese community? Does it have meaning for the South Asian community? Does it have meaning for the Vietnamese community? Mostly these answers are no,” Thomson said. “Therein lies the beginning of all those who were excluded because we’ve kept the ceremony based on that early model.”

Thomson wants to broaden the concept of remembrance to acknowledge individuals. He’s producing a multimedia project called The World Remembers during the WW1 centennial, whereby the name of each person who died is being projected at a precise time in public places around the world. People will see the names of all war dead–regardless of their nationality or what army they fought in.

“What about the South Asian Canadian, what about the Sikh Canadian, what about the Italian Canadian, Slovenian Canadian, Vietnamese Canadian? Shouldn’t they be involved by seeing their family’s name appear at the same time?” said Thomson.

Questioning the narratives

The discourse around Remembrance Day can follow a certain script in Canada, says Swift; it often repeats a patriotic story

of valour, sacrifice and soldiers “fighting for freedom.”

But Swift says journalists need to remember that  history and commemoration are “contested terrain.”

“There’s nothing more compelling in a story than conflict…so that makes those stories easy to tell,” he said. “Whereas the complexity of memory and commemoration and whose stories are included and whose get left out–that’s a harder job.”

There are certain state narratives that are often repeated about war–such as the idea that the battle of Vimy Ridge represented the “birth” of Canada as a nation (a line emphasized by both Justin Trudeau and Stephen Harper). Swift’s most recent book, The Vimy Trap, disputes this interpretation; the authors argue Vimy has been mythologized in recent decades, and ignores the war’s devastating effect on the country.

Swift’s interpretation is controversial; author Ted Barris argues that when soldiers from all across Canada fought together at Vimy, they saw each other as equals and and experienced their “first full sense of nationhood.”

Barris, who’s written several books about Canada’s military history, says remembrance is changing to focus more on personal experiences–talking to veterans is a crucial part of his own research and understanding. But Barris said journalists need to dig to find the stories that often aren’t told.

While individual stories are important, Swift says we need to talk about why the war was fought in the first place–and how it could have been avoided.

“The coverage tends to be appropriately somber. But it’s also, I think inappropriately lacking in the questioning of the enterprise of war,” said Swift, who believes the first world war should be remembered in a “post-patriotic” way.

“It is this very inward-looking, traditional, old-fashioned way of seeing war as our side is everything.”

The post Pull Quotes: Season 1, Episode 5 – What we remember first appeared on The Review of Journalism.

t]Hamilton Spectator columnist Susan Clairmont has told several stories about suicide over the course of her career, including in the recent photo project, Lives left behind. On this week’s episode, Clairmont talks about the experience and responsibilities of reporting on people who take their own lives.

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(Gary Yokoyama and The Hamilton Spectator)

USING THE RIGHT LANGUAGE:

Language is particularly important when writing about suicide, says the Centre for Suicide Prevention. The phrase “committed suicide” has criminal connotations, and is a carryover from to a time when suicide was illegal. Instead, reporters should opt for plain language like “died by suicide” or “killed themselves.” Clairmont says that when in doubt, she asks the family what terms they’re most comfortable with.  The Mindset: Reporting on Mental Health guide also recommends not calling suicide “successful” or attempted suicide “unsuccessful,” and says to avoid phrases like “the coward’s way out.” 

More information on suicide and language can be found here.

“How are we going to fix this, how are we going to understand this, how are we going to improve mental health care and suicide prevention if we don’t talk about it?”  

-Susan Clairmont, on Pull Quotes

Related Reading:

Suicide Notes (Ryerson Review of Journalism)

How should reporters write about suicide? (J Source)

The Science Behind Suicide Contagion (New York Times)

Reporting on suicide: Panelists debate best practices (Ryerson Journalism Research Centre)

Susan Clairmont: A cop in crisis

Susan Clairmont: Const. Daryl Archer died by suicide. His wife Ashley shares his story

Journalism and suicide reporting guidelines in Canada: perspectives, partnerships and processes

How the taboo against reporting on suicide met its end (Globe and Mail)

Last summer, Susan Clairmont published a long feature story in the Hamilton Spectator about Nicole Patenaude, a young woman who took her own life by jumping off a bridge onto a highway.

Clairmont’s piece, which took months to report and write, looked at Nicole’s life and struggles with mental illness–and garnered a “huge” reaction from readers.

“Lots of people who lost loved ones to suicide wanted suddenly to tell their stories,” said Clairmont. She felt compelled to tell these stories, but couldn’t possibly do that in the same in-depth way as she’d written about Nicole.

So the Hamilton Spectator embarked on a photo project called Lives Left Behind. The paper invited people who’d lost someone to suicide to come to a pop-up studio, have their portrait taken, and share their loved-one’s story.

“I think I was in tears constantly through that whole process. Everyone who came in touched my heart,” said Clairmont, who said many of the participants wanted other families struggling with mental illness and suicide to know they were not alone.

Journalism–and the public as a whole– has come a long way in its openness to talking about suicide; there was a time when news organizations simply didn’t write about it. One of the biggest concerns has been the “contagion effect”–the idea that media reporting on suicide is linked to increased incidents of suicide.

Mara Grunau, executive director at the Centre for Suicide Prevention, says responsible media coverage can play an important role in preventing suicide.

“Historically what has happened is that out of fear of doing it wrong, the mainstream media has not reported on suicide at all…and that’s not helpful either,” said Grunau, who says keeping suicide “hush hush” only perpetuates stigma and fosters a lack of understanding.

–Mindset: Reporting on Mental Health guide

-Canadian Psychiatric Association Media Guidelines for Reporting Suicide 

However, she said reporters need to walk a fine line between having thoughtful and open conversations, and sensationalizing or glamorizing suicide coverage.

“We don’t know who’s going to be reading the article. And if someone who’s already at risk of suicide is reading the article and it’s outlining how the person died, what their method was…that can be triggering for that person,” said Grunau, who urges journalists to include suicide crisis line information in all news reports.

Several organizations worldwide have developed media guidelines for reporting on suicide. Psychiatrist Mark Sinyor is the lead author on the updated Canadian Psychiatric Association guidelines, which will be released in the coming months. The last guidelines were published in 2009, however Sinyor says the updated guidelines don’t include any major changes in messaging. Where possible, he said it’s better to write longform articles about suicide that contextualize the issue.

(CPA Media Guidelines for Reporting Suicide, 2009)

New research also suggests media reports about people who seek help for suicidal ideation can have a positive, protective effect. In essence, it’s “not just that suicide is potentially contagious, but that coping is potentially contagions,” he said. Thus, Sinyor says it’s important journalists portray alternatives to suicide. Only telling stories about people who die by suicide can give the wrong impression that suicide is the only option. In fact, he said, the overwhelming amount of people “find paths to resilience.”

André Picard, a health reporter and columnist at the Globe and Mail, has been a vocal advocate for more open reporting on suicide. Picard, who’s been critical of conventional principles governing suicide reporting, helped develop the Mindset: Reporting on Mental Health guide. The guide was written for the realities of the journalistic profession, and urges reporters not to shy away from the topic. Among its recommendations, it advises using  plain language, including references to the person’s suffering, and not going into detail about the methods of suicide.

Picard is also skeptical of some of the research behind the contagion effect, which he says is not so simplistic (particularly in an age of social media).

“It was just said as gospel that if you write about suicide people will kill themselves, and that’s simply not true. It’s much more nuanced than that,” said Picard, who was also involved in rewriting the CPA’s updated guidelines.

Reporting on suicide has “changed dramatically” in the last five or ten years, says Picard–a change largely driven by a public shift in attitudes. He doesn’t see as many euphemisms like “died suddenly,” and says there isn’t the same judgement, or fear of “embarrassing people.”

Clairmont said, and she never writes about suicide without the blessing and cooperation of the person’s family. When reporting on people who’ve died by suicide, she’s has worked with their families for weeks or months, so she can truly understand their story.

“How are we going to fix this, how are we going to understand this, how are we going to improve mental health care and suicide prevention if we don’t talk about it?”  said Clairmont, who said she’s always pushed back against the silence around suicide.

“There is no shame in mental illness and I don’t think that there’s any shame in suicide either. These are people who in the vast majority of cases have an illness.”

The post Pull Quotes: Season 1, Episode 4 – Stories after suicide first appeared on The Review of Journalism.

By Laura Howells, Jacob McNair and Emily Pardo

The New York Times’ updated social media guidelines stress that journalists should always be impartial online–they can’t post political opinions or appear to “take sides.” But is this a smart approach to social media? We talk to Cynthia Collins, the New York Times’ social media editor, and journalist David Uberti, who says this kind of policy just appeases “bad-faith critics.”

Plus, after Quebec passed Bill 62, several news outlets ran stories with photos of unidentified women wearing niqabs–and Ryerson prof Asmaa Malik tells us why these kinds of photos have dangerous consequences.

Shownotes:

The post Pull Quotes: Season 1, Episode 3 – Just tweet it? first appeared on The Review of Journalism.

By Laura Howells, Jacob McNair and Emily Pardo

When should journalists use the word “terrorism?”

Why refer to the attack in Edmonton as terrorism, and not the mass shooting in Las Vegas?

Does it matter that neither the Edmonton attacker nor the Quebec City mosque shooter from January have actually been charged with terrorism?

In this episode, we explore what the word “terrorism” means, its racial implications, and whether journalists should use the term at all.

This week’s guests include:

Reference links:

Distinctions of terrorism matter: Analysis

Michelle Shephard, Toronto Star: https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2017/10/02/analysis-distinctions-of-terrorism-matter.html

https://www.cjr.org/special_report/journalism_cover_terrorism.php

The motive doesn’t matter: Mass shootings are always terror

Doug Saunders, Globe and Mail: https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/the-motive-doesnt-matter-mass-shootings-are-always-terror/article36463398/?ref=http://www.theglobeandmail.com&

Why we should resist calling the Las Vegas shooting terrorism

Masha Gessen, The New Yorker:

https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/why-we-should-resist-calling-the-las-vegas-shooting-terrorism

Mass murder or terrorism? Who decides what to call it?:

Diana Swain, CBC News: http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/mass-murder-vs-terrorism-1.4344766

Quebec City and Edmonton attacks: Why it’s difficult to lay terrorism charges in Canada

‘Lone wolf’: Our stunning double standard when it comes to race and religion

Khaled Beydoun, Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/10/02/lone-wolf-our-stunning-double-standard-when-it-comes-to-race-and-religion/?utm_term=.9dfaac47787c

Grieve for Las Vegas, Edmonton, but sidestep the trolls

Shree Paradkar, Toronto Star: https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/10/02/grieve-for-las-vegas-edmonton-but-sidestep-the-trolls-paradkar.html

The post Pull Quotes: Season 1, Episode 2 – Talking terrorism first appeared on The Review of Journalism.

By Laura Howells, Jacob McNair and Emily Pardo

Welcome to Pull Quotes, a new podcast from the Ryerson Review of Journalism.

This week: Cracks in Canadian press freedom. The RCMP wants Vice reporter Ben Makuch to hand over all his messages with one of his sources — an accused terrorist. But new reports say that man has been dead for the last two years.

The post Pull Quotes: Season 1, Episode 1 – Free Press? first appeared on The Review of Journalism.