QuidelOrtho Science BYTES Podcast

The fascinating history of the discovery of blood groups goes back to 1900 with the breakthrough that came when Dr. Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian scientist, discovered three human blood groups. These were the A, B, and O blood groups. Two students who worked with Karl Landsteiner discovered the fourth human blood group, the AB. These two were A. van Decastello and A. Sturli. These four blood groups together are what we today know as the ABO blood group system.

In this podcast episode with Dr. Jill Storry, you will learn the fascinating journey behind discovering blood groups and stay up to date on the latest blood groups that have been discovered. 

Jill Storry, PhD, Lund University, Sweden 

The cybersecurity landscape continues to evolve. Health Care Companies Are the #1 Target for Cyberattacks and Data Breaches. The pace of the release of cybersecurity guidance and regulations for medical devices across the globe has been accelerating. Globally, some regulatory bodies have restricted their guidance to premarket concerns, and others have provided guidelines to include post-market considerations. One of the key tenants of all post-market cybersecurity guidance and regulations is the manufacturer’s responsibility to evaluate and maintain their product cybersecurity continually. This additional level of scrutiny and regulations only increases the need to act now. To prepare for and combat these cyberattacks, healthcare companies must make the necessary investments in people, processes, and technology. A reactive approach to cybersecurity is no longer feasible. It’s time to anticipate and prevent these attacks before they even arrive. Learn in this episode how new, predictive technologies analyze past threats to identify future threats. Ideally, this results in the detection of potentially harmful files or behaviors before an attack is successful.

About Our Speaker:

World Diabetes Day takes place each year in the month of November, created to raise awareness about the disease.  Diabetes is a global health threat diabetes with the number of people living with diabetes continuing to rise. Diagnostic testing is one of the major tools to help prevent and manage the disease. 

About our Speaker:

Dr. Amy L. Pyle earned her Ph.D. in Molecular Pathology from Vanderbilt University. Following graduate school, Dr. Pyle completed a post-doctoral fellowship in Clinical Chemistry at Vanderbilt University. Dr. Pyle took a position as Assistant Director of Core Laboratories at Nationwide Children's Hospital in 2011. Throughout her training, Dr. Pyle published multiple abstracts, papers, and book chapters, and has received numerous awards for her contributions to the scientific community.

High-prevalence antigens occur in greater than 99% of the population. Antibodies to high-prevalence antigens are rare and may be difficult to identify due to the lack of antigen-negative panel cells for these antigens. Examples of antibodies to high-prevalence antigens are: anti-k, anti-Kpb, anti-Jsb, and anti-Lub among many others

Learn in this episode clues to recognize if an antibody to a high-prevalence antigen is present and how to apply practices for their identification in the lab and additional recommendations for patient management.

About Our Speaker: 

Shane Grimsley, DipRCPath; holds a diplomate in Pathology from the Royal College of Pathologists, UK and has been working at the International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, NHSBT in the UK since 2009, as laboratory manager from 2015 and Senior Clinical Scientist since 2020. Since 2017, Shane has been the lead scientific advisor to the UK NEQAS Red Cell Genotyping scientific advisory group, compiling complex reports to help educate the users. He has been an active member of the editorial board for Immunohematology as well as a reviewer for Vox Sanguinis and Transfusion Medicine since 2019.

Shane is the winner of the 2020 Race and Sanger award from the British Blood Transfusion Society for outstanding contribution to the field of Transfusion, primarily for his work developing a genotyping platform for accurate prediction of variant phenotypes in patients with Sickle Cell Disorder. He also is a winner of the 2010 Margaret Kenwright Young Scientist of the year from the British Blood Transfusion Society, for his work resolving complex compound heterozygous allele combinations and the identifying the associated antibody specificities.

Shane is an international scientific speaker and a workshop instructor for immunohematology topics in conference programs, such as ISBT. He also has been involved in the identification of new blood group systems, new antigens and novel alleles.  Shane is helping lead a team of skilled and passionate scientists to resolve the world’s most complex immunohematology cases, contributing to ground-breaking projects that have improved the standards of care for patients.

Sepsis occurs when the body’s immune system responds to an infection and injures its own tissues and organs. It is a medical emergency, requiring early detection and treatment as it can lead to septic shock, multi-organ failure, and death. One in five deaths worldwide is associated with sepsis and 40% of cases are in children under five years of age. Sepsis is the number one cause of death in hospitals, the number one cause of hospital readmissions, and the number one healthcare cost.

Laboratory testing is essential in helping prevent, detect, and treat sepsis to minimize injury to the body and the risk of death.

About Our Speaker: 

Dr. Lui Forni is a Professor and Consultant Nephrologist and Intensivist at Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in Guildford, England. Professor Forni earned a PhD in physical chemistry and subsequently studied medicine, specializing in nephrology and intensive care medicine. His research interests include pre-operative assessment of high-risk surgical candidates, renal replacement therapy, diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of acute kidney injury, and predictive modeling in acute medical admissions. He lectures both nationally and internationally and has published widely.  He served as the Past Research Chair and is the Current Secretary of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.

A rare donor program is a collaborative effort of many blood centers and/or hospitals to combine their rare donor resources to supply what they have to patients in need. These centers work to identify rare donors by screening methods and inclusion in database systems.

Learn in this episode what resources are available to the medical community to ensure availability for patients in need of blood and why it is critical to national and international collaboration through joint programs.

About our Speaker: 

Sandra Nance has provided leadership to the American Rare Donor Program, American Red Cross Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics laboratories, the National Reference Laboratories for Blood Group Serology, Molecular Testing, Neutrophil and Specialized Testing. She engineered the nationalized American Red Cross SBB Program. She is now a volunteer for the American Red Cross and Emeritus Adjunct Assistant Professor at the University of Pennsylvania in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. She earned her Master in Pathology from the University of Maryland and her SBB from The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. 

In Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) patients, one of the most critical treatments is a blood transfusion. A blood transfusion is used to provide normal red blood cells to the patient’s body. Red blood cell transfusions help lessen anemia and reduce the blood’s viscosity, allowing it to flow more freely, ease disease symptoms and prevent complications. Alloimmunization is common in patients with SCD and may complicate transfusion therapy. For many patients, a close blood type match is essential and is found in donors of the same race or similar ethnicity.

In this episode, learn why patient phenotyping and prophylactic matching to reduce alloimmunization is recommended for SCD patients and why donor source for blood donations of the same race or similar ethnicity is critical.

About the Speaker:

Dr. Stella T. Chou is Chief of the Division of Transfusion Medicine, board-certified in Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine, and an attending physician in the Division of Hematology at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr. Chou earned her medical degree from New York Medical College in Valhalla, NY. She specializes in caring for children with SCD, those who make antibodies against red blood cell transfusions (alloimmunization), and those requiring apheresis. Her research interests are focused on improving red blood cell matching for patients through the use of innovative tools.

Her work has demonstrated that inheritance of variant blood group antigens in patients with SCD contributes to their high rate of red blood cell antibody formation. Her ongoing work focuses on the genetic matching of red blood cells and creating customized induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with rare blood group antigen combinations as renewable sources of red blood cell reagents to improve antibody identification and donor red blood cell matching. For her innovative research, she is a recipient of the National Blood Foundation Hall of Fame award. Dr. Chou is a worldwide recognized author and speaker with over 100 publications and lectures. In addition to her clinical work, Dr. Chou serves as an Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.

Review the role of extended antigen typing or phenotyping in Transfusion Medicine. How this practice plays a significant role in the transfusion of sickle cell, thalassemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome patients as well as other chronically transfused patients, preventing the development of foreign antibodies which may avoid the challenges that come later with complex antibody problems and brings the additional benefit of allowing finding compatible blood for patients in need of a transfusion. In this podcast edition, we will explore those key points and more.  

About our Speaker: Tony S. Casina, MT(ASCP)SBB has worked in the blood banking industry for over 40 years with much of it in the commercial blood bank reagent manufacturers sector with hospital experience as a medical technologist and blood bank manager. Tony has provided technical support to laboratories throughout the world utilizing Ortho’s reagents and immunohematology test systems.  He has tested some of the most challenging antibody problems as part of his reference laboratory experience. Tony has been an active participant in the AABB serving on committees and currently on the AABB Board of Directors. He has contributed as a presenter to AABB and regional blood bank meetings educational programs. He was extensively involved in the development of the ORTHO VISION® Analyzer Platform.

The World Health Organization estimated that during 2019, 58 million people worldwide were living with the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) which causes inflammation of the liver.  All types of hepatitis can be controlled or prevented. There is a cure for Hepatitis C; however, HCV infection is often undiagnosed because it remains asymptomatic until symptoms appear that are related to serious liver damage, a complication of the infection. 

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Dr. Bijal Parikh is the Medical Director of the Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory and Assistant Professor of Pathology & Immunology at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. 

He is the author of numerous publications with his clinical research centered on aspects of laboratory testing involving viral, immunologic, and molecular diagnostics, with a specific focus on the implementation of next-generation sequencing approaches.  Recently, Dr. Parikh authored an article published in the Clinical Microbiology Newsletter titled Laboratory Strategies for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

Maternal health refers to the health of the women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period.  Each stage should be a positive experience, ensuring women and their babies reach their full potential for health and well-being. Prenatal care includes screening and diagnostic tests and they can provide valuable information about the baby's health. Understand the risks and benefits.

Learn in this episode what are the strategies to minimize the risk of alloimmunization in the maternal population and what are the recommendations for antenatal and post-delivery care testing.

About Our Speaker: 

Professor Robert Flower is a national leader in R&D at the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood. He has been teaching and supervising hospital and university blood banks for over 30 years. He has published over 400 publications with over 4000 citations and has helped over 50 students complete post-graduate research. In 2018, Dr. Flower was granted the Vice Chancellor’s Award for Excellence at Queensland University of Technology. The following year, he was awarded the Peter Schiff Award from the Australia and New Zealand Society for Blood Transfusion. Dr. Flower’s current interests include translating genetics to routine investigations, molecular modeling of the structures defining blood groups, and evidence-based modeling of the risk of transfusion-transmission for various agents.