Welcome back to Rad Onc Smart Review, the podcast that simplifies the science behind cancer treatment. This is Episode 13 Part D, Cancer Biology - Hallmarks & Telomeres. In our previous cancer biology segments, we've explored the individual components: oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and the critical signaling pathways they control. Today, we're going to take a broader view, looking at the common capabilities that most, if not all, cancer cells acquire during their development. These are famously known as the "Hallmarks of Cancer," a framework proposed by Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg. We'll also dive into one of the key mechanisms that allows cancer cells to divide indefinitely: telomere maintenance.