The establishment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, or dual monarchy, came as
bitter blow for Czech intellectuals who hoped for equal status under a
federalist state. While the liberal era after 1861 and resulting German
centralist approach had all but destroyed the hopes of Austrian Slavs for
equal treatment, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 establishing the
dual monarchy, left Czechs in Bohemia in particular feeling
disenfranchised, and brought an end to political Austro-Slavism.