The outside world has viewed Chile as a shining example of success in Latin America after enduring one of the region’s worst dictatorships. It has strong institutions, a relatively low poverty rate, and a high GDP. But recently thousands of Chileans have poured into the streets, banging pots and pans and jumping subway turnstiles. The protests revealed the stark divide between the have's and the have not's in Chile and exposed the country's extreme inequality. Several other countries around Latin America and the Caribbean have also seen protests recently, including Ecuador, where people marched to the capital over an increase in transit prices. We discuss how these protests are similar and, more importantly, how they are different.

Guests: Patricio Aeschlimann, James Bosworth, Andra Chastain, Patricio Navia and Matías Zibell. Reporters: Colleen Connolly, Alanna Elder and Cameron Oakes. Hosts: Colleen Connolly and Alanna Elder. Producer: Alanna Elder. LAND editor: Colleen Connolly.

Music and sounds: St Francis by Josh Lippi & The Overtimers (YouTube Audio Library), Charangos by LATASHÁ (YouTube Audio Library), Fresno Alley by Josh Lippi & The Overtimers (YouTube Audio Library) and a mix by Dax on the Trax.

Other sounds:

Hundreds Hop NY Subway Turnstiles, Block Street to Protest NYPD, News2Share, Nov. 2, 2019. Filmed by Ed Fabry. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeNijge8SfQ
Presidente Piñera: “Estamos en guerra contra un enemigo poderoso,” Meganoticias, Oct. 21, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8BrqEDLEIs

Chile: el presidente decreta estado de emergencia en Santiago en medio de violentas protestas, FRANCE 24 Español, Oct. 19, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVTyJXGacEk

Escolares volvieron a liderar evasiones en el Metro de Santiago, T13, Oct. 17 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNJCJ8gP3jE

Sebastián Piñera: “Hubo uso excesivo de la fuerza y se cometieron abusos,” EL PAIS, Nov. 18, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAiV5shshbI

In the first round of Uruguay’s presidential election on Oct. 27, voters changed the political makeup of parliament and nearly passed a referendum that would have allowed the government to get tougher on crime, as homicides and thefts continue to rise. The left-leaning Frente Amplio has held a majority for the last 15 years, but those days are over. The party’s candidate, Daniel Martínez faces a close race in the runoff with Luis Lacalle Pou, a candidate in the conservative Partido Nacional. RadioLAND producer Alanna Elder reports on the results of the first round and what we can expect in the second round on Nov. 24.

Guests: Carlos Demasi, Mariana Rodríguez, Nicolás Saldías, Diego Sanjurjo and Ignacio Villar. Reporter: Alanna Elder. Hosts: Colleen Connolly and Cameron Oakes. Producer: Alanna Elder. LAND editor: Colleen Connolly.

Music: Focus by A A Alto (https://www.freemusicarchive.org/music/A_A_Aalto), Shameless Life Wisdom Sendoff by pATCHES (YouTube Audio Library), Last Train to Mars by Dan Lebowitz (YouTube Audio Library)and a mix by Dax on the Trax.

Other sounds:

1. Ciclo de ADM. Elecciones 2019. Guido Manini Ríos, Asuntos Públicos, Oct. 15, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlfEu5bko74

2. Larrañaga y sus propuestas en seguridad: militarizar a la Policía y cadena perpetua revisable, Desayunos Informales, Feb. 21, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxKJXQ5sXFs

3. UPITN 10 11 77 THE PRESIDENT OF URUGUAY ARRIVES IN BUENOS AIRES, AP News, Nov. 10, 1977. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isabzUkYSGw

4. Mega-Rally Marks Chile Protests Third Week, VOA News, Nov. 5, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al0MVX4z7dg&has_verified=1

5. Una multitudinaria marcha contra la reforma “Vivir sin Miedo” recorrió 18 de Julio, VTV Noticias, Oct. 22, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zeJ0e1kFCU

6. Chile: students ambush metro stations in protest over fare hikes, The Guardian, Oct. 18, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0e1qbELHiEQ

7. Voto Uruguay: conoce a Luis Lacalle Pou, candidato presidencial, y lo que opina de Macri y Maduro, CNN Espanol, Oct. 3, 2019.

In the Argentine presidential election last week, Alberto Fernández managed to outrun incumbent Mauricio Macri using the fact that he isn’t Cristina Kirchner, his running mate, as well as the fact that he’s close enough. This year’s election tugged at people’s memories of an easier time. It worried investors and critics of the Kirchners who are afraid the country is sliding backward. And on the flip side, it gave young, progressive activists a way to participate in a new political moment. LAND’s Eileen Rodríguez reports on the election results.

Guests: Demian Bio, Pedro Camacho, Nicolás Saldías and Colby Smith. Reporter: Colleen Connolly, Alanna Elder and Eileen Rodríguez. Hosts: Chase DiBenedetto and Dayana Perez. Producer: Alanna Elder. LAND editor: Colleen Connolly.

Music and sounds: Nada #1 by La Tabú (Free Music Archive), Ocho Octubre by La Tabù (Free Music Archive), Sad Moments by Ketso (Free Music Archive), “Canguro" by Wos (with permission) and a mix by Dax on the Trax.

Other sounds:

"Discurso completo de Alberto Fernández presidente - Elecciones 2019 Argentina, resultados completos" La Nación, Oct. 27, 2019 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6663VM9maxo

"Ganó Alberto Fernández: Discurso completo de Mauricio Macri asumiendo su derrota", La Nación, Oct. 27, 2019 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6663VM9maxo

"Cristina en la Plaza de Mayo", Télam, Oct. 23, 2011 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaxRA1nMeTo

"Protests in Argentina over plan to ask IMF for loans", France 24, May 10, 2018 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmUy2zy4uL4
"Discurso de Eva Duarte en la primera transmisión de Televisión argentina", La Casa Rosada, 1950, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMrVm7j4nzU

"Palabras de Juan Peron por el dia de trabajador", June 18, 2009 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9OpCoMzibI

"Dozer vs Roma - Cuartos, Final Nacional Argentina 2019", Red Bull Batalla de los Gallos, Oct. 20, 2019 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpsUnUPw7WQ

Evo Morales was the first indigenous president of Bolivia, and he spoke to a group of Bolivians that politicians usually ignored. During his time in office, his social programs have drastically reduced poverty and grown the middle class. But his presidency wasn’t supposed to last forever. On Oct. 24, Bolivia declared him the winner of the presidential election. He’ll begin his fourth term, even though the constitution only allows two terms. LAND editor Colleen Connolly reports on Morales’s rise, the growing opposition against him in recent years and what his latest victory means for Bolivia.

Guests: Ricardo Calla, Ben Dangl and Linda Farthing. Reporter: Colleen Connolly. Hosts: Alanna Elder and Cameron Oakes. Producer: Alanna Elder. LAND editor: Colleen Connolly.

Music: "Becoming” by Jade Wii (YouTube Free Music), "Take Me To the Depths” by Midnight North (YouTube Free Music), "Three Kinds of Suns” by Norma Rockwell (YouTube Free Music) and a mix by Dax on the Trax.

Other sounds:

"Bolivia Protests 2," Associated Press, 2003

"Bolivia Morales Wrap," Associated Press, 2005

"Evo Morales en la ONU. En el acto por Año Internacional de Lenguas Indígenas,” Noticias Bolivia, 2019 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yyb73mx3_QU

"Protestas en Bolivia por sospechas de fraude electoral," Telemundo, 2019 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rndfiHxiQ8E

Former Colombian president Álvaro Uribe Vélez is standing trial for tampering with witnesses and making false accusations. It’s the first time Colombia’s Supreme Court has charged an ex-president with a crime, and Uribe is the most powerful politician in Colombia. We dive into who Uribe is and why he's on trial, and LAND reporter Nico Bedoya talks to Colombians in San Carlos about which version of their former president they accept: hero or criminal.

Guests: Adriaan Alsema, Gimena Sánchez, Santiago Daza Espinosa, Farid Alberto Usme Cortez, Andrés Cuéllar, Iván Darío Posada García, Maria Patricia Bedoya Velásquez and Christina Noriega. Reporters: Nico Bedoya, Colleen Connolly and Alanna Elder. Hosts: Colleen Connolly and Cameron Oakes. Producer: Alanna Elder. LAND editor: Colleen Connolly.

Music: Dirt Rhodes by Kevin McLeod, After the Week I've Had by Dexter Britain, Falling Rain by Myuu, Holed Me Down and a mix by Dax on the Trax.

Other sounds:
- "President Bush Honors Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients", The White House: https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2009/01/20090113-7.html

- "Candente debate entre Iván Cepeda y Álvaro Uribe - 17 de Septiembre de 2014", Noticias Caracol: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73EVORhINAo

Mexico was one of the first countries to ratify the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 30 years ago. As the United Nations prepares to commemorate the treaty at the General Assembly in New York this week, RadioLAND reporter Chase DiBenedetto looks at whether Mexico is living up to its commitment when it comes to migrant children making their way from Central America to the United States.

Guests: Gretchen Kuhner, Catalina López Montero, Helena Olea and Eitan Peled. Reporter: Chase DiBenedetto. Hosts: Alanna Elder and Cameron Oakes. Producer: Alanna Elder. LAND editor: Colleen Connolly.

This episode was recorded on Sept. 19, 2019. Music: Meadow by Density and Time, Fairy Meeting by Emily A. Sprague and Anxious by Sextile (YouTube Audio Library).

Other sounds courtesy of:
Washington Week, PBS, June 7, 2019 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiTws__J84g
UN Audiovisual Library, UNICEF: Rights of Child Celebration https://www.unmultimedia.org/avlibrary/asset/2390/2390457/ and https://www.unmultimedia.org/avlibrary/asset/2390/2390536/
Behind the Scenes at the UN General Assembly, published on YouTube Dec. 18, 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvKpnRPosek

After a few months off, RadioLAND is back. In this episode, we look at one of the summer’s biggest stories: the resignation of Puerto Rican Gov. Ricardo Rosselló and the protests that surrounded it. LAND staff writer Paola Nagovitch reports from Puerto Rico on what the protests were like and what’s next for the island, including the role that it will play in the 2020 presidential elections.

Guests: Sandra Rullen, José Alameda and Charles Venator-Santiago. Reporter: Paola Nagovitch. Hosts: Cameron Oakes and Taylor Jennings. Voiceover: Chase DiBenedetto. Producer: Alanna Elder. LAND editor: Colleen Connolly.

This episode was recorded on Sept. 5 and 6, 2019. Music: Los Parientes de Playa Vicente by La guanábana and a mix by Dax on the Trax.

News clips courtesy of:
- PBS NewsHour: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPv7_2NLK1M
- CBC News: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SK5bWeLYa8
- CBS This Morning: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9-xvkaZIBc
- Fox News: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trQatZPmULk
- NBC News: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8x-USBTd1wg
- The Washington Post: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7tM48aYbLc
- Global News: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kermHK30ChE

Salvadorans make up the largest portion of Temporary Protected Status, or TPS, holders in the United States. The Trump administration is trying to end the immigration status for several countries, but the consequences would reach further than the borders of the United States. In the case of El Salvador, it would mean a loss of significant income for the country and a likely increase in immigration. LAND editor Colleen Connolly reports on the impact of TPS in El Salvador. Plus, LAND reporter Vaclav Masek discusses the Panamanian presidential election and what we can expect from the winner, Laurentino Cortizo.

Guests: Cecilia Martínez, Jesse Acevedo, Carlos Dada, Ira Mehlman and Vaclav Masek. Reporter: Colleen Connolly. Hosts: Alanna Elder and Cameron Oakes. Producer: Alanna Elder. LAND editor: Colleen Connolly.

This episode was recorded on May 10, 2019. Music: Hip Jazz by Bensound, Meadow by Density and Time, Called Upon by Silent Partner and a mix by Dax on the Trax.

Peru’s former President Alberto Fujimori is facing a variety of criminal charges, including the forced sterilization of hundreds of thousands of women, most of whom were Indigenous and low-income. Since then, thousands of women have spoken out, saying they never gave consent. Alanna Elder talked to Lima journalist Natalia Sánchez Loayza and Nico Bedoya talked to U.S. journalists who covered the story for PBS Newshour last Sunday about their fight for justice. Plus, reporter Joy McKinley talks about an island in the Caribbean that is still recovering from Hurricane Maria as the next hurricane season approaches.

Guests: Natalia Sánchez Loayza, Jacquelyn Kovarik, Kathleen Taylor, James Fox and Joy McKinley. Hosts: Alanna Elder and Cameron Oakes. Reporter: Nico Bedoya. Producer: Alanna Elder. LAND editor: Colleen Connolly.

This episode was recorded on May 2, 2019. Music: Enigmatic by Ben Sound, Take Me to the Depths by Midnight North, Perception by Ben Sound and a mix by Dax on the Trax.

A shale formation in the Neuquen province of Argentina called Vaca Muerta, or “dead cow,” holds a massive reserve of oil and gas. The province is booming as the rest of Argentina remains deep in an economic crisis. The oil boom, however, isn’t enough to save the whole country’s economy. Alanna Elder talks to La Nación reporter Sofía Diamante about what’s happening in Neuquen. Plus, former LAND staff writer Lauren Kaori Gurley talks about recent labor strikes in a Mexican border city and what that means for Mexico’s growing labor movement ahead of an important vote.

Guests: Sofía Diamante and Lauren Kaori Gurley. Hosts: Chase DiBenedetto and Cameron Oakes. Producer: Alanna Elder. LAND editor: Colleen Connolly.

This episode was recorded on April 25, 2019. Music: Isalaga by Yan Terrien, Vamos Andar Pela Cidade by Lucas Santtana, Home Fire by Robert John and a mix by Dax on the Trax.