Canada's international broadcast service from the English language team of Radio Canada International has come to an end.

RCI, (originally the International Service, CBC-IS) was initially created towards the end of the Second World War. The purpose was to broadcast news and information from home via shortwave to Canadian military personnel fighting in Europe.  It also began providing  reliable news and information to recently liberated countries and to Germans still in the war.

That reliable news and information was considered of great value during the subsequent Cold War years, as  several more languages were added to the service such as Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Hungarian and Polish. Other language sections included those such as Brazilian Portuguese and Japanese. With 14 language sections in 1990 and some 200 staff, the full  English and French newsroom provided news of interest and importance for each language section specifically targeted to each of the various broadcast regions around the world.

Following a major budget cut by Radio Canada of some 80 per cent in 2012, the shortwave and satellite service was terminated along with the majority of staff including the newsroom and some language sections. In recent years, only Chinese (Mandarin), Arabic, and Spanish remained along with English and  French.  RCI was transformed into a much smaller internet-based operation consisting of three people per language section.

Until the pandemic obliged people to work from home, RCI language sections had weekly video programmes in addition to the daily online reports. Shown here in Nov. 2018 are Marc, Lynn, and Levon, with web editor and show contributor Marie-Claude Simard.

In December 2020, the domestic public broadcaster CBC/Radio-Canada announced that the English and French sections of RCI would close for good in May. In their place curated stories from the domestic English and French public broadcaster will be provided.

The Link weekly video, with Terry (sitting in for Levon), Lynn, and Marc, Oct 2019

A manager will now oversee the staff of eight who will adapt curated stories from the CBC and Radio-Canada into Mandarin, Arabic, and Spanish, along with Punjabi and Tagalog. They will also create a weekly podcast, with field reports in Mandarin, Arabic, and Spanish and Punjabi.

An effort was and is being made by the RCI Action Committee to preserve and even expand the service which has garnered great support from a former prime minister, former diplomats and many academics, but the end date has come.  This is the last entry by the RCI English section.

From the English Section consisting of Lynn, Marc, and Levon,  faithful and long-time popular replacement Terry Haig, and recently also Vincenzo Morello, as well as the many other dedicated producer presenters and news staff over that long history, we thank you for having shared our stories over these many years.

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additional information

RCI: Dec 3/20:Canadas public broadcaster announces new cuts to Radio Canada International

RCI History- 50th anniversary booklet

Researchers at McMaster University say that the COVID-19 pandemic “has created a paradox where mental health has become both a motivator for and a barrier to physical activity.” 

A study was done to find out how and why mental health, physical activity and sedentary behaviour changed during the pandemic. After surveying more than 1,600 subjects, the researchers say people want to be active but they find it difficult to exercise because of stress and anxiety. 

The respondents said the pandemic had triggered higher psychological stress and moderate levels of anxiety and depression. Meanwhile, aerobic activity declined by about 20 minutes a week, strength training declined by 30 minutes weekly and sedentary time increased by about 30 minutes a day when compared to the six months before the pandemic began. 

Researcher say getting regular exercise can be difficult at the best of times and may be more difficult in a pandemic. (iStock)

Too anxious to exercise

"Maintaining a regular exercise program is difficult at the best of times and the conditions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic may be making it even more difficult,” said Jennifer Heisz, lead author of the study and an associate professor in the Department of Kinesiology at McMaster. “Even though exercise comes with the promise of reducing anxiety, many respondents felt too anxious to exercise. Likewise, although exercise reduces depression, respondents who were more depressed were less motivated to get active, and lack of motivation is a symptom of depression.”

The researchers also found that some demographics were hit harder than others. In particular, people with lower incomes and younger adults struggled to meet their physical activity goals. “It is plausible that younger adults who typically work longer hours and earn less are lacking both time and space which is taking a toll,” said Maryam Marashi, a graduate student in the Department of Kinesiology and co-lead author of the study.

Researchers offered tips to help people get active

Based on what they found, the researchers designed a toolkit and advice to help people get active. That advice included adopting the mindset that some exercise is better than none, lower exercise intensity is better if one is feeling anxious, move a little every day, break up sedentary time with standing or moving breaks, and plan workouts like appointments.

They also suggested additional psychological supports would help. “Our results point to the need for additional psychological supports to help people maintain their physical activity levels during stressful times in order to minimize the burden of the pandemic and prevent the development of a mental health crisis,” said. Heisz.

The study was published in the journal PLOS ONE.

The Montreal General Hospital was founded in 1821 and is famous for many medical firsts including the fact that its founding doctors established Canada’s first faculty of medicine program at McGill University. The hospital treated patients through several major outbreaks of disease from  the deadly flu pandemic of 1918 to the COVID-19 pandemic, and is now one of only three Level 1 trauma centres in the province of Quebec. It is part of Canada’s largest hospital system called the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC).

'No shortage of history makers'

“The Montreal General Hospital has no shortage of history makers in its first 200 years,” said MUHC President and Executive Director Dr. Pierre Gfeller. “While Sir William Osler, credited with pioneering bedside teaching in Canada, is often named, consider that the hospital might not have existed as early as it did were it not for the Female Benevolent Society, which identified the need for the four-bed ‘House of Recovery’ to address poverty and illness in the city. Then there is Miss Nora Livingston, whose founding of the School of Nursing helped transform the profession, and Drs William Wright and Eleanor Percival, the hospital’s first Black and Female attending physicians. Their actions and those of many more have altered the course of our institution, health system and community."

Sir William Osler, introduced the novel practice of having medical students learn not only in class but at patients' bedsides. (University of Pennsylvania archives)

Cancer break though and pain research celebrated

To celebrate the hospital’s 200th anniversary there will be a large-scale exhibition posted online and several other activities. The virtual exhibit is billed as a journey through the two centuries of hospital history, medical innovation and exceptional individuals and teams. It features photos, artwork, text and videos from local and national collections and takes viewers through the excitement of the biomedical revolution. It highlights breakthroughs such as Dr. Phil Gold and Dr. Samuel Freedman’s discovery of the first biomarker for cancer and Dr. Ronald Melzack's contributions to pain theory which paved the way for research and treatment. 

Nora Livingston pioneered nursing education and introduced standards to elevate the level of patient care. (Montreal General Hospital)

Hospital was funded through philanthropy

The Montreal General Hospital was one of the first public healthcare institutions in Montreal, and it relied largely on funding from community sources. Although health care is publicly funded in Canada, the General still benefits greatly from philanthropy. 

Besides the virtual exhibition, the year’s activities will include a book launch by celebrity hockey surgeon Dr. David Mulder and public lectures on topics ranging from Mental Health and Aging to Trauma and Emergency Care. The theme for this anniversary is Reaching and Exceeding and is inspired by the quote from the poet Robert Browning, “A man’s reach should exceed his grasp.” The logo features an infinity symbol, which the hospital says represents the endless pursuit of excellence of healthcare workers and support staff.

The anniversary logo features an infinity symbol, meant to represent the endless pursuit of excellence. (MUHC)

The cost of compensating victims of Canada's now-infamous residential school system was over $3 billion, according to a final report released Thursday by Parliament's Independent Assessment Process Oversight Committee.

The committee, which has been overseeing the compensation process since 2007, says just under 28,000 people received payments.

The report provides a comprehensive overview of the efforts to redress the damage inflicted on generations of Indigenous children forced to attend the residential schools established by the federal government and run by Christian Churches.

Their aim was to assimilate the children into the dominant Canadian culture.

The first known residential schools were established in the 1820s. 

A 1945 investigation in parental complaints at the Gordon's Reserve school in Saskatchewan reported that one dinner that children were fed consisted of a single slice of bologna, potatoes, bread and milk. An estimate 150,000 aboriginal, Inuit and Métis children were removed from their communities and forced to attend residential schools. (General Synod Archives/Anglican Church of Canada)

The last one closed in 1997.

In all, roughly 150,000 First Nations, Inuit and Métis children attended the schools.

The number of school-related deaths remains unknown due to an incomplete historical record, though estimates range from 3,200 to upwards of 6,000.

Most of the children died from malnourishment or disease. Some children who attended the schools in the 1940s and 1950s were even subjected to science experiments in which they were deprived essential nutrients and dental care.

After six years of investigating how the schools were run and why they came to be, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, issued a final report in 2015 that branded the program "cultural genocide," and issued "calls to action" in pursuit of proper reconciliation and compensation.

Joyce Hunter, whose brother Charlie Hunter died at St. Anne's Residential School in 1974, passes Clement Chartier, president of the Métis National Council, as she carries a ceremonial cloth with the names of 2,800 children who died in residential schools and were identified in the National Student Memorial Register, is carried to the stage during the Honouring National Day for Truth and Reconciliation ceremony in Gatineau, Quebec on Sept. 30, 2019. (THE CANADIAN PRESS/Justin Tang)

"Children as young as three were forcibly removed from their families and communities and taken to the schools," the report released Thursday states.

"For most, the residential school system was profoundly negative and had a lasting impact on the children, on their families, and on their culture."

The court-approved compensation scheme arose out of a comprehensive class-action settlement in 2007 involving survivors, the federal government and churches that ran the schools.

Claimants were entitled to up to $275,000 each based on the nature and level of abuse suffered.

In all, the report says, 38,276 claims were received and adjudicators awarded $2.14 billion in compensation to 23,431 claimants.

Another, 4,415 claimants received compensation directly from the federal government.

Thursday's report shows the government paid out $3.23 billion in compensation and other costs, and the process itself cost another $411 million.

You can read the full report HERE.

With files from The Canadian Press (Colin Perkel), CBC News (John Paul Tasker, Susana Mas), RCI (Levon Sevunts)

A new United Nations report puts some numbers on the amount of food that goes to waste in Canada.

The report, from the United Nations Environment Programme relies mainly on a 2019 study by Environment and Climate Change Canada.

It suggests that the average Canadian wastes 79 kilograms of household food every year.

That adds up to 2.94 million metric tonnes of household food waste annually.

By comparison, the average American wastes 59 kilograms of household food per year and the average person in the United Kingdom wastes about 77 kilograms of household food per year.

The report, released Thursday, estimates that 17 per cent of the food produced globally each year is wasted. 

Food waste has become a growing concern because of the environmental toll of production, including the land required to raise crops and animals and the greenhouse gas emissions produced along the way. (iStock)

That amounts to more 930 million tonnes (1.03 billion tons) of food.

"The fact that substantial amounts of food are produced but not eaten by humans has substantial negative impacts: environmentally, socially and economically. Estimates suggest that 8-10% of global greenhouse gas emissions are associated with food that is not consumed," the report says.

The report says about 61 per cent of the food waste happens in households, while the food service industry (26%) and retailers (13%) account for the remainder.

Canada did not have data for the food service or retailer food waste portions of the study.

The UN is pushing to reduce food waste globally, and researchers are also working on an assessment of waste that includes the food lost before reaching consumers.

A report released in Jan. 2019 found that  58 per cent of all food produced in Canada — 35.5 million tonnes — is lost or wasted and about a third of that wasted food could be "rescued" and sent to communities in need across the country.

Read the full UNEP report here.

With files from The Associated Press, CBC News,

Justin Clark, a man who never learned to take no for an answer, died Thursday at the age of 58.

Born in 1962 with cerebral palsy,  unable to walk or talk, he leaves a legacy few Canadians will ever match.

Clark became a pioneer in the fight for the rights of disabled people--determined that they should be treated as full-fledged human beings.

Justin Clark, who died Thursday at the age of 58, is pictured with his friend and former teacher Robbie Giles as they attend Canada Day celebrations in Ottawa. Their friendship was fast and lasted (see below) a lifetime. (Submitted by Robbie Giles)

After spending his youth at the now-closed Rideau Regional Centre in Smiths Falls, Ontario, he decided that he wanted to control his life.

He sued his parents for the right to leave the institution they had placed him in as a child.

"The 6 day trial began in November 1982 in Perth, Ontario," writes Anoop Kalsi in her review of the proceeding, published in Dec. 2018.

"Justin testified by pointing to a board filled with symbols, a bliss board, which read his answers aloud. This was the first time a bliss board was used in a Canadian court," writes Kalsi, a paralegal at Baker Law in Toronto, whose senior partner David Baker had represented Clark.

"When Justin finished his testimony, his parents stood up from their seats and applauded," writes Kalsi, adding: "You can read Justin’s testimony in the unpublished manuscript written by Audrey Cole and Melanie Panitch in PDF here and in text here."

Clark is pictured with John Matheson, the judge who presided over his case. "He was not a 'mentally retarded man,' who could not learn, the court found. He was a 'gentle, trusting, believing spirit' and 'very much a thinking human being,' the judge ruled, giving him control of his own affairs." From Kelly Egan's obituary and tribute to Clark published Friday in the Ottawa Citizen. (See link below.)  (Submitted by Carole MacLauchlan)

The ramifiations of the stand Clark took and the decision Judge John Matheson made nearly 40 years have had a profound effect on--and for--Canadians.

Following the ruling, guardianship laws were re-examined, and in some provinces, rewritten. 

Disabled people are no longer "put away."

And more and more, a disabled person--not his guardian--gets to make the important decisions that affect his or her life--though that fight continues.

And anyone who ever met him or had their life changed because of him is not about to forget Justin Clark and his victory in that courtroom back in 1982.

Here's something from the website of British Columbia's Community Ventures Society.

"The example Clark set is one that we should all be thankful for," says the post.

"He took a bold step to change the course of his life and the lives of many others. He has clearly experienced the benefits of this and we're sure many others have as well."

For most of his adult life, Clark lived at Foyers Partage in suburban Ottawa but took the time to play bocce at a rehab centre once or twice a week. (David Gutnick/CBC)

In November 2018, Clark was the subject of a radio feature by Montreal-based CBC journalist David Gutnick. 

"Today, at 56, Clark is thriving. He has travelled widely — to Germany, Switzerland, France and to visit a brother in the United States. He sees his siblings and friends regularly, and corresponds with them by email," Gutnick reported.

"He loves his job at ComputerWise, where he designs greeting cards and calendars. Once or twice a week, he plays bocce at the gymnasium of an Ottawa rehab centre."

Clark leaves an extraordinary legacy.

Robbie Giles, Justin Clark's former teacher,

In 2017 the Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement was negotiated and signed into force with great satisfaction by Canada's Trudeau government to improve trade between Canada nad the European Union, notably in the agricultural sector.

It was supposed to be advantageous for both Canada and the European Union.  A year later there were already rumblings in Canadian agriculture and by 2019 the Canadian Agri-food Trade Alliance (CAFTA) was saying the deal had not only not increased Canadian exports but in fact had hurt the sector.

The group said since CETA. the agriculture sector had lost about 10 per cent of its exports to Europe while imports from Europe had increased by the same amount meaning about a $3.5 billion trade imbalance.

RCI- Oct 21/19: CETA trade deal - advantage Europe

Now one year later CAFTA wrote a letter to the EU Directorate of Trade staing its concerns about the deal writing "to express our serious concern over the lack of commitment the European Union (EU) is demonstrating to adhere to the spirit of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA)".

The letter goes on to criticise the EU saying  the deal has harmed Canada, " because of a wide range of technical barriers and trade distorting measures that were to be lowered or eliminated altogether through CETA continue to block access to the EU market for Canadian products. The reluctance from the EU Commission and EU member states to abide by the spirit of the CETA and remove these barriers has been disappointing and surprising given the EU’s own focus on ensuring its trade agreements are put into practice and enforced properly".

In addtion this week no less than five former Premiers have written a joint letter to Prime Minister Trudeau. The five former Premiers include those of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec,

The say the deal was to "increase Canada’s exports by nearly $1.5 billion annually. The pact also included commitments to resolve issues related to technical barriers to trade, sanitary and phytosanitary provisions and other non-tariff barriers"

It goes on to say, "CETA has now been in force for three years and it has failed to deliver on its promises for Canada’s agri-food exporters. This outcomes results from the EU Commission and EU member states continuing to impose a wide range of trade barriers for pork, beef, canola, sugar and grains, or failing to reduce those that were to be lowered or eliminated altogether through CETA

The letter goes on to urge the Prime Minister to raise concerns about what are seen as ongoing barriers and restrictions hurting Canadian agricultural exports concluding with ". In the weeks ahead, we urge you to take up these issues with your counterparts as one of your top foreign policy priorities.

additional information - sources

CAFTA: Sep 20/20: Open letter to EU Directorate of Trade

Sep 21/20: Open letter from former Premiers to the Prime Minister

Alberta Farmer: D Fraser: Sep 25/20:  Canada not benefitting from CETA Barbeau says

Canada's Bill Morneau, had been a confidant and advisor to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau  since the Liberals came to power in 2015. He had also held the very important portfolio of finance minister since that time.

His involvement with the WE Charity and especially 'forgetting' about accepting an expensive free trip for his family from the charity amid the federal scandal surrounding the multi-million dollar sole-source contract of which he was a part, is said to have caused him to suddenly resign last month.

Rumours of a rift over Trudeau's massive COVID emergency spending, remain rumours, and likely without much foundation given that  on Friday, the government announced in a statement they were backing Morneau as the Canadian choice to head the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

The influential international organisation will name a new Secretary-General on March 1, 2021 for a five year term heading the 37 member group of mostly highly-developed countries.

OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria of Mexico, seen here in an Oct. 2017 photo, will not seek a fourth term after 15 years, opening the international competition for the top job (Matt Dunham/AP/Canadian Press)

On its website the OECD describes itself as working with governments, policy makers, and citizens, "on establishing evidence-based international standards and finding solutions to a range of social, economic and environmental challenges. From improving economic performance and creating jobs to fostering strong education and fighting international tax evasion, we provide a unique forum and knowledge hub for data and analysis, exchange of experiences, best-practice sharing, and advice on public policies and international standard-setting.

Morneau was in Paris this weekend for meetings with OECD ambassadors

The competition for the top job at the OECD is tough, with the current head, Angel Gurria of Mexico not seeking a fourth term,  possible candidates include a strong contender from the U.S.  White House advisor Chris Liddell, is an Oxford graduate who has also been a top executive at Microsoft and General Motors. Candidates from Estonia and the Czech Republic would likely have a strong positio as would Sweden’s Cecilia Malmström, a longtime EU commissioner.   An additional point in her favour is that a woman has never headed the OECD. The European members may also want one of their own after over two decades of non-European heads. The last European to head the organisation was  Jean-Claude Paye of France from 1984 to 1996

In spite of an impressive C.V. the fact that Morneau resigned under a cloud may also play against him.

At least one critic has said that after Trudeau mocked the previous government's failed bid for a U.N. Security Council seat and then failed himself, the Trudeau government's 'vigourous support' for Morneau may be setting Canada up for another international embarrassment.

Adding to the factors against Morneau is that a Canadian had recently held the job. Donald Johnston was OECD head for ten years from 1996 to 2006.

Member countries can put forward their nominees until the end of October.

additional information - sources

iPolitics: A. Freeman: Aug 21/20: OpEd: Sorry Mr Morneau but the OECD is exploring other candidates at this time

Politico: A.Blatchford: Sep 25/20: Bill Morneau emerges from Liberal scandal to make pitch for OECD top job

Gov't of Canada: Sep 25/20: Statement of support for Morneau's  OECD bid

Bloomberg: T.Argitis: Sep 25.20: Canada nominates former finance minister Morneau for OECD post

No sooner had man invented motive power, than the quest began for who could achieve the fastest speed, on land, in the air, and on water.

When it came to railways, Canada briefly was in world record speed territory.

In the mid-1930s, the Canadian Pacific Railway began exploring a new concept for a fast passenger train to revive interest in inter-city rail travel.

By 1935 the CPR had built air-conditioned four-car trains to be pulled by their new 'lightweight' 4-4-4 F2 locomotive series, numbered 3000 to 3004.

Two would operate on the Montreal-Quebec City run, two for the Toronto-Windsor run, and one on the Calgary-Edmonton service.

These were dubbed "Jubilee" class locomotives to denote 50 years of transcontinental passenger service by the CPR. A similar 4-4-4 series, slightly shorter with smaller drive wheels was also dubbed Jubilee, and built the next year were known as F1 and in the 2000 numerical series

These F2 3000 series Jubilee's had big 80-inch drive wheels, were semi-streamlined and operated at an unusually high boiler pressure of 300 psi.

In July 1936, the first of the F2 Jubilees rolled out of the Montreal Locomotive Works, which would cease building engines during the war to become a builder of Ram tanks, and Sexton self-propelled gun.

F2 Jubilee 3003 showing Jubilee class livery (source unknown via fourthjunction)

It was on this date in 1936 (some sources say 1937) that number 3003 set a Canadian steam locomotive speed record while apparently on an air brake test run. While pulling the special four car train on the CPR Winchester run between Smith's Falls Ont. and Montreal,  #3003 hit an officially recorded speed of 112.5 mph near St-Télésphore, Québec.

The engine's high speed ability couldn't save steam however. By the early 1950's diesel, cheaper to operate, was clearly taking over. By the mid 1950's, most steam loco's had begun being replaced. Budd cars, self propelled passenger cars, also took their toll on the shorter intercity runs.

Apparently none of the 3000's survive. It seems some confusion between Montreal and Calgary about which one was to preserve the last example meant that both surviving F2's were scrapped in 1957.

Shiny new 3000 shown in 1936 said to be at the Montreal Locomotive Works, One of five of the F2 light fast 4-4-4 semi stramliners ( Glenbow Museum)

It is interesting to note that the locomotive speed record remained in Canada until 1974 when broken by a diesel engine and soon after by the somewhat short-lived and troubled "high-speed" turbo trains.

Even today it is rare that passenger trains in Canada reach 100 mph (160km/h) and only on a few limited stretches of track.

The fastest speed on record for a steam locomotive goes to Britain's 'Magnificent Mallard" a highly streamlined engine that briefly achieved 125.88 (202.5 km/h) on a slight downgrade in July of 1938.

additional information -sources

Old Time Trains- CPR F1 F2 class 4-4-4 Jubilee

Fourth Junction: The 'Chinook" CPR Jubilee 3003

North Valley News: C Stevenson: Station to Station- Through the United Counties with the Canadian Pacific Railway

Portal to online railway photos of Canadian Archives

Exporail Canadian Railway Museum (St Constant, Qc)

exporail.org: Canadian Rail (magazine): May 1967

Toronto Historical Rail Association

TRHC- Facebook

Canadian Forces Europe (CFE) ends

On this date the last of Canada' s military forces said goodbye to their home away home in southern Germany. CFB Baden-Soellingen, and CFB Lahr had been the site of Canada's NATO forces for some four decades.

Perhaps 350,000  Canadian soldiers occasionally with families saw service in Germany starting in the 1950's with the establishment of commitments to NATO.

Raising the Canadian Flag, at the Caserne as part of takeover of the base Sept 1967 ( via CMPA)

The Canadian presence began in France and Germany in the 1950's with airforce wings, but when France withdrew from NATO the two wings there were moved into the two existing German locations with the contingent at CFB Baden (originally Canadian Forces Station Baden) seeing an influx of new personnel in 1963 and 66, eventually becoming the RCAF's main fighter location equipped with CF 104 interceptors. CFS Baden had begun in 1953 with Canadians flying Canadair F 86 Sabres.

One of the Secure Ammunition Storage (SAS) bunkers used to store nuclear weapons for CF-104 aircraft during the short period that 1 Wing Lahr aircraft had a nuclear strike role (1969-70). (Unknown source CMPA

As France subsequently withdrew all its forces from Germany,  the Canadians also moved into CFB Lahr which originally had been a German airship base in the First World War. France later occupied the base before leaving in 1966.

The main gate to the Lahr airfield -undated ( Lynn Marie- Pinterest)

Canadians then began to move both air and land units to the huge site with an airfield outside Lahr and a large 'caserne ' in the town.  While the airfield became the centre for mechanised units and others , the caserne later became the site of military offices, schools, store, and recreation centre.

Canadian MPs (in pre-unification RCAF Police uniforms) take over from French security forces at the Lahr airbase, 6 September 1967 (Photo: DND)

Lahr was home to 4 Canadian Mechanised Brigade group of armour, artillery, engineers, service battalion, field ambulance, tactical helicopters, and so on. At any given time there at least 1,100 Canadian troops in Germany.

The Canadians had a long and warm relationships with the German people and many a young German woman found themselves a new Canadian husband.

Not all Germans loved the Canadians, such as the peace demonstrators outside the airfield gate in 1981 (via CMPA)

However, with the fall of the Berlin Wall, the need for an established military presence in West Germany allegedly came to an end and with it the end of a permanent Canadian presence. The closure of the bases was announced in the 1990 budget as a cost cutting measure.

155-mm M109 SP Howitzer, Ex Regensprung, Lahr, Germany, 9 Sep 1975.. Germans often didn't love the huge military vehicle movements through town, but usually understood why and were generally appreciative of the Canadian presence ( LAC Mikan 4748867)

CFB Baden airfield was closed in March 1993 with units leaving over the summer and only a handful of personnel remaining until the permanent closure on December 31.

Video image of some of the last flights of Canadian fighters at CFB Baden in 1993 ( what you havent' seen- Youtube)

The last unit to leave CFB Lahr was 4CMBG on this date in 1993, and the base permanently closed and handed back to the city on this same date exactly one year later.

additional information- sources

MacLean's: Phillips/Fulton: Jul 19/93: Auf Wiedersehen, Goodbye

Canadian Press (CTV): Jul 2/11: Canada paid $6M to clean cold war bases in Germany

Canadian Military History: B Forsyth

A Schnitzel and a glass of wine: Former Canadian military base in Lahr (Pt 1)