Planet Earth could be 2.7 degrees warmer by the end of the century according to some estimates.

This is leagues above the globally agreed Paris target of well below 2 degrees Celsius or preferably 1.5.

Many big emitters are saying we can reach this target through something called renewable energy certificates, but recent research has found these certificates have low integrity across the board.

Dr Sophie Calabretto talks to Cosmos Magazine journalist Ellen Phiddian how renewable energy certificates work and why in some cases they aren’t reducing emissions at all.

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