For 50 years we've known pulse oximeters are less accurate on darker skin, and it could lead to misdiagnoses. 

Also, allergen starter packs are being advertised to parents. Are they safe?

Guidelines have been released for male infertility care so men aren't left out. 

And joint replacements don't last forever, but there are ways to extend their life.

References

• Guidelines for the management of male infertility - Healthy Male
• Data Resource Profile: The Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR)
• Novel Hypoglossal Stimulation Markedly Improves Airflow and Airway Collapsibility in OSA
• Racial Bias in Pulse Oximetry Measurement - NEJM
• Find a clinical trial

It's a tricky conversation to navigate, so researchers have tried to find out the best way to bring up weight in the doctor's office while dodging bias and stigma.

Also, a look at the evidence surrounding transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for depression. 

The international effort to improve survival from pancreatic cancer. And how a change in guidelines spared tens of thousands of children from peanut allergy. 

References

• Guidelines for Early Food Introduction and Patterns of Food Allergy
• New systematic review and meta-analysis shows an association between shingles vaccination and lower risk of heart attack and stroke 
• Shingles (herpes zoster) vaccine - who should get vaccinated?
• Supporting weight focused discussions in primary care: A qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators
• Discussing Weight with Patients in Primary Care in Australia: A Mixed Methods Experimental Study
• TGA approves new brain stimulation device for treatment of depression - ABC News
• The Australian Pancreatic High-RIsk ScrEening (APRISE) Study
• The Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection (PRECEDE) Consortium

Gene editing holds huge promise to cure disease and alleviate human suffering, but there are many ethical considerations when it comes to changing our DNA. 

We map the story of Chinese scientist He Jiankui who was jailed for altering the genome of babies without proper consent. 

Also, we take a look at the common skin condition rosacea and what treatments are available. And some changes to blood test results mean you could see them before your doctor. 

References

• Global antibiotic resistance surveillance report – World Health Organization 
• New test categories available for faster access on My Health Record

Endometriosis is a complex condition, and the pain associated with it can persist despite medications and surgery. New guidelines have suggested lifestyle changes like diet or supplements could work for some. 

Also, what you can do in your 40s to prevent heart failure later on. And anal cancer is rare but might be going under people's radar. Who should be screened?

References

• Assessment of malnutrition in preschool-aged children by mid-upper arm circumference in the Gaza Strip (January, 2024–August, 2025): a longitudinal, cross-sectional, surveillance study
• Testimony, advocacy, and the public health effect of genocide
• Health of the Nation report - RACGP
• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• Australian Living Evidence Guideline: Endometriosis - The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 
• Cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic health: an actionable vision for heart failure prevention - the Lancet
• Anal Cancer Screening Guidelines

Daylight saving time kicks in this weekend for New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory.

Time shifts can be controversial, and in recent years there's been research into the effects on our health. One study has looked into the incidence of strokes and obesity. 

Also, why experts want to change the name of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and we take a tour of the Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness. 

References:

• Draft National Health and Medical Research Strategy - NHMRC
• Safety concerns over imported melatonin products - TGA
• Retraction: Apple cider vinegar for weight management in lebanese adolescents and young adults with overweight and obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
• Circadian-informed modeling predicts regional variation in obesity and stroke outcomes under different permanent US time policies
• Polycystic ovary syndrome perspectives from patients and health professionals on clinical features, current name, and renaming: a longitudinal international online survey - the Lancet
• Inside the Australian lab where scientists study bird flu and other emerging disease threats - ABC News
• Dynamic Balnce for Life
• A Judo-Based Exercise Program to Reduce Falls and Frailty Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Feasibility Study

US President Donald Trump has told women they shouldn't take paracetamol (also known as Tylenol or acetaminophen) during pregnancy because it has been linked to autism. 

We unpack the evidence with experts — where has this claim come from? Have we really found a treatment for autism spectrum disorder? And what are the dangers of taking health advice from Trump?

Also, an unexpected result from a study looking into whether a yoga exercise program could prevent falls in older adults. 

Trump has suggested there's a link between pregnant women taking paracetamol and autism in children. 

In a press conference Trump said pregnant women with fevers should "tough it out".

A major change has been made to Australia's asthma guidelines, but how long will it take everyone to catch on?

Also, we know daily aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease isn't beneficial, but a new study shows there might be risks. 

And should the one-time blood test for lipoprotein(a) be free for everyone?

References:

• National Climate Risk Assessment | Australian Climate Service
• Underestimating heat-related mortality—a comparison of excess mortality and death record studies for Australia - The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific
• More evidence climate change is bad for our hearts - ABC listen 
• Medical Imaging and Pediatric and Adolescent Hematologic Cancer Risk | New England Journal of Medicine
• Ig Nobel Prizes celebrate pizza-eating lizards, drunk bats and garlic-flavoured breast milk - ABC News
• Aspirin, cardiovascular events, and major bleeding in older adults: extended follow-up of the ASPREE trial
• Lp(a) testing for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in high-income countries: a cost-effectiveness analysis
• Australian Asthma Handbook

The way we get information has changed, and when it comes to health and wellness more and more people are turning to social media. 

There are pros and cons, but when it comes to something as important as birth control, there's a price to pay for taking guidance from influencers. 

Also on the show, why parent-focused programs haven't been working to tackle obesity in toddlers. And a story about the benefits of withdrawing medication, rather than starting it. 

References

• Alcohol and Cancer Risk - JAMA Insights
• Review of Evidence on Alcohol and Health - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
• GLP-1 RAs and Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes by Body Mass Index in Type 2 Diabetes 
• Incidence of GLP‐1 receptor agonist use by women of reproductive age attending general practices in Australia, 2011–2022: a retrospective open cohort study
• Joint statement on professional responsibilities for prescribing and dispensing medicines - AHPRA
• Parent-focused behavioural interventions for the prevention of early childhood obesity (TOPCHILD): a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
• “Do You Know What Birth Control Actually Does to Your Body?”: Assessing Contraceptive Information on TikTok
• Withdrawal of heart failure therapy after atrial fibrillation rhythm control with ejection fraction normalization: the WITHDRAW-AF trial

Researchers have tricked participants with placebo pain relief in an effort to map the brainstem. 

Also, how immunotherapy might be used to treat mental health conditions in some young people. 

And delays in diagnosing frontotemporal dementia means some people are missing out on important care. 

References

• Answering common questions about GLP-1s for weight loss
• GLP-1s and eating disorders — what are the risks?
• A Case Series of Young People Receiving Adjunctive Immunotherapy for Neuroimmune-Mediated Major Mood or Psychotic Syndromes
• Fourteen years later: Reviewing the diagnostic criteria for behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia
• Somatotopic organization of brainstem analgesic circuitry
• A radical new way to treat low back pain - ABC listen

You can listen to more episodes of the Health Report podcast with presenters Dr Norman Swan and Dr Preeya Alexander on the ABC Listen app (Australia) or wherever you get your podcasts. Covering topics like Trump’s policy changes to the growing trend of young people being diagnosed with cancer, we bring you the latest in health and medical news.