ReThink History: Can You Hear Me Now

ReThink History: Can You Hear Me Now

By ReThink HistorySociety & CultureHistory
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ReThink History: Can You Hear Me Now episodes

  • Ep 14: The Last Interface
    In January 2024 a man paralyzed below the shoulders received a brain implant and was soon playing chess by thought. In May 2025 Apple published a way for a brain implant to connect to an iPhone as an input device. If the phone becomes quaint because no one needs to hold a screen, is the brain itself the last interface?
    Every channel in this series needed a body to work it: a hand on a key, a voice on a line, a thumb on a screen. This bonus episode follows the most radical answer anyone has proposed, with every company claim attributed, as of October 2026. It covers what an electrode actually hears, from Jacques Vidal's 1973 phrase "brain-computer interface" to the Utah array and BrainGate; a voice given back to Casey Harrell, a man with ALS; and Neuralink's first participant, the threads that pulled back and the twenty-one participants the company reported in January 2026. It covers Synchron's implant placed through a blood vessel, Precision Neuroscience, Paradromics and China's first approval, the devices that stay outside the skull, and who owns neural data, from Chile to Colorado to Unesco.
    Then it gives the skeptics their full case: surgery and its risks, signals that fade, implants abandoned when a company fails, as more than three hundred fifty blind people with Second Sight implants learned, and fifty years of predictions that it was a few years away.
    In this episode:
    • What an electrode hears, and the history of the brain-computer interface
    • BrainGate, Neuralink and Synchron, as claims and as results
    • Apple's brain-implant input protocol
    • Neural data laws and cognitive liberty
    • The skeptics' case, and what survives
    New here? Start with Episode 1, Fire on the Hill, at the top of the playlist.
    Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/qF1E5cG-Q08
    24 min
  • Ep 13: Wearing the Network
    At noon Pacific time on 28 February 2025, every Humane Ai Pin, sold as a way to leave the phone behind, stopped working at once, because its maker's servers were switched off. That same year, Meta's eyewear partner EssilorLuxottica said it had sold more than seven million pairs of camera glasses. Did the phone killers fail, or is the phone just changing shape?
    This bonus episode tests the series verdict device by device, every figure attributed to whoever produced it, as of October 2026. It covers the screenless bet of the Ai Pin and the Rabbit R1, and why they failed. It covers the pivot to memory, with AI recorders like the Plaud NotePin, Omi and Bee given equal weight, and a series compiler who uses one describing, in his own words, a workflow that runs in the cloud and not on his phone. It covers glasses that look and listen, Meta's Ray-Ban Display, and the Neural Band, which reads muscle signals at the wrist, not thoughts. Then it takes up the input problem and the bystander problem: who agreed to be recorded?
    Then it gives the phone its full case, on battery, screen, the app economy, social acceptance and lock-in, because so far every phone killer has become a phone accessory.
    In this episode:
    • The Humane Ai Pin shutdown and the Rabbit R1
    • AI memory recorders: Plaud, Omi and Bee
    • Smart glasses and the electromyography wristband
    • The bystander problem
    • The case for the phone, and what survives
    New here? Start with Episode 1, Fire on the Hill, at the top of the playlist.
    Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/igdc1HmyfB0
    24 min
  • Ep 12: The Quaint Phone
    On 1 October 2026 a SpaceX rocket carried a refrigerator-sized Google satellite with four AI chips into orbit to find out whether a data center can run in space. If the computer moves to orbit, what happens to the phone in your pocket?
    The series ends where it began, with a forecast. In the words of the series compiler, a retired anesthesiologist who served in the US Navy Medical Corps from 1988 to 2001: "Just as the transition from analog to digital communication made the old telecom's 'message unit' and 'phone booth' quaint, this new AI / Robotics revolution will make the 'cell phone' quaint." This finale lays out what the orbital-computing companies have filed, built, launched and said, all as claims, as of October 2026: Google's Project Suncatcher prototype, which runs its chips in bursts of about fifteen minutes because of heat; Starcloud's 2025 satellite; SpaceX's application to the Federal Communications Commission for up to one million computing satellites, its AI1 design and its factory in Bastrop, Texas, where it says production could begin as soon as late 2027.
    Then it gives the skeptics their full case, on heat, radiation, launch cost, debris, the dark sky and money, recalls the confident telecommunications forecasts that failed, from Iridium to the fiber glut, and delivers a verdict: the direction of the forecast holds up better than its timing, an orbital data center is not required to make the phone quaint, and the larger question is who will own the channel that comes next.
    In this episode:
    • Project Suncatcher, Starcloud and SpaceX's million-satellite filing
    • The physics and economics case against
    • Telecom forecasts that failed
    • The verdict on the quaint phone
    New here? Start with Episode 1, Fire on the Hill, at the top of the playlist.
    Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/OMhbO4XBK1U
    24 min
  • Ep 11: When the Endpoint Isn't Human
    By one security firm's count, fifty-three percent of web traffic in 2025 came from automated software, not people. When the other end of the line isn't human, who is the network for?
    For a century and a half every network had a person at each end. In 2020 the firm IoT Analytics counted, for the first time, more connected machines than connected phones and computers. This episode follows the machines onto the network: Kevin Ashton's "Internet of Things" of 1999, the BirdNET and BirdWeather stations that name birds by their songs, the car its maker can update overnight, the robotaxi, and the arithmetic of milliseconds. At a hundred kilometers an hour a car moves about three centimeters each millisecond, which is why the decisions that matter live on board.
    The series compiler, a retired anesthesiologist who served in the US Navy Medical Corps from 1988 to 2001, gives his own account: "I use AI, Starlink, 'the internet of things' like the BirdWeather device, my Tesla using FSD chauffeurs me from home to any desired destination on the continent and keeps me safer than if I were driving." Beside it the episode sets Tesla's own label, Full Self-Driving (Supervised), which requires an attentive driver; the two open reviews by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, as of October 2026; and the dispute over Tesla's safety statistics. It neither endorses nor refutes his claim. Then it makes the strongest case against the trajectory: the Mirai botnet of 2016, surveillance by default, and cars whose safety is still being measured.
    In this episode:
    • Kevin Ashton and the internet of things
    • Sensors, birdsong and the overnight update
    • Latency in milliseconds
    • One user's account, beside the label and the federal reviews
    • Mirai, privacy and safety
    New here? Start with Episode 1, Fire on the Hill, at the top of the playlist.
    Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/E8R4WjyYtY8
    18 min
  • Ep 10: Mirrors in the Sky
    In 1960 the first American communications satellite was a silvery balloon that people could watch from their backyards. As of early October 2026, SpaceX reports about ten thousand Starlink satellites overhead and more than twelve million customers. When the sky became the switchboard, who got to own it?
    In October 1945 Arthur C. Clarke proposed three radio relays so high above the equator that they would seem to stand still. Then came Echo, a hundred-foot mirror; Telstar, paid for by AT&T and crippled within months by radiation from an American nuclear test in space; Syncom, which proved Clarke's orbit; and Early Bird in 1965, owned through a corporation Congress designed after President Kennedy's promise that no single company would dominate. Thirty years later Motorola's Iridium cost about five billion dollars to build and sold out of bankruptcy for twenty-five million.
    This episode explains why a geostationary call has a quarter-second delay and low orbit does not, then lays out what SpaceX has built and reported for Starlink: laser links, texting to ordinary phones, and service in Ukraine from 2022. It gives debris, the astronomers and the question of private control of a strategic channel their full due.
    In this episode:
    • Clarke, Echo and Telstar
    • Early Bird, Intelsat and Kennedy's promise
    • Iridium: built, bankrupt and rescued
    • Starlink, Ukraine, debris and the dark sky
    New here? Start with Episode 1, Fire on the Hill, at the top of the playlist.
    Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/kBjL3Lxea0I
    17 min
  • Ep 9: Can You Hear Me Now
    On 3 April 1973 a Motorola engineer stood on a New York sidewalk and used a handheld phone to call his rival at Bell Labs. Forty-six years later to the day, Verizon switched on fifth-generation service in Chicago and Minneapolis. How did a brick that talked for half an hour end up in every pocket, and who owns the air it travels through?
    The idea came from two Bell Labs engineers in December 1947: many weak transmitters, each covering a small cell, reusing the same channels. It took thirty-six years to reach paying American customers, in Chicago in October 1983, when a consultant's forecast expected fewer than a million American subscribers by 2000. The real figure was about one hundred and nine million.
    This episode follows the cell phone from Martin Cooper's call and the 3,995-dollar DynaTAC through digital networks, the first text message, the smartphone and the spectrum auctions that put a price on the air, and explains the advertising campaign of 2002 to 2011 that gives the series its name. It gives the case that the fifth generation was oversold its full due.
    In this episode:
    • Cells, handoffs and frequency reuse
    • Cooper's call and Chicago 1983
    • First generation to fifth, and the spectrum auctions
    • Was 5G oversold?
    New here? Start with Episode 1, Fire on the Hill, at the top of the playlist.
    Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/31kBLj4z4fc
    25 min
  • Ep 8: Light in a Glass Thread
    In 1966 the best glass fibers lost almost all their light within about twenty meters. An engineer in an English laboratory said that, made pure enough, they could carry telephone calls for kilometers. Most experts did not believe him.
    In two years at one laboratory, Bell Labs produced the transistor (December 1947) and Claude Shannon's theory of information (1948), which treated every message as a stream of bits. Then Charles Kao and George Hockham proposed glass as the channel, Corning made it in 1970, and by 1988 the first transatlantic fiber cable carried about forty thousand calls at once. Meanwhile a Defense Department network learned to link networks, and the federal government broke up AT&T on 1 January 1984.
    Then came the forecast: beginning in 1998, WorldCom executives said internet traffic was doubling every hundred days. Actual traffic was by then doubling about once a year. In the two years before mid-2001 companies spent some thirty-five billion dollars laying about a hundred million miles of fiber, and in June 2001 about five percent of it was in use. WorldCom filed for bankruptcy in July 2002.
    In this episode:
    • The transistor, Shannon and the bit
    • Kao, Corning and the purest glass
    • ARPANET, TCP/IP and the AT&T breakup: both cases
    • The hundred-day myth and the fiber glut
    New here? Start with Episode 1, Fire on the Hill, at the top of the playlist.
    Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/Z6WTdvFfQfU
    29 min
  • Ep 7: Through the Air
    On the night the Titanic sank, the operator of the nearby Californian took off his headphones and went to bed. Fifty-eight nautical miles away, the Carpathia's operator heard the call only because he had kept his headset on. Who should control the air, and who has to be listening?
    This episode follows radio from Maxwell's equations of 1865 and Hertz's experiments to Guglielmo Marconi, who filed his British patent at twenty-two and whose company decided which stations it would talk to. After the Titanic, the Radio Act of 1912 required federal licenses. On election night 1920, K-D-K-A in Pittsburgh read presidential returns to anyone listening, and within a few years hundreds of stations crowded the same narrow band. Congress answered with a principle: a broadcaster may use a channel in the "public interest, convenience, or necessity," but may never own it.
    Television arrived inside that bargain, after Philo Farnsworth's patent fight with the Radio Corporation of America, and by 1961 the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission was calling it "a vast wasteland." The episode gives the case for licensing the airwaves and the case against it their full strength.
    In this episode:
    • Maxwell, Hertz and Marconi
    • The Titanic and the Radio Act of 1912
    • K-D-K-A, spectrum chaos and the Communications Act of 1934
    • Farnsworth versus RCA, and the "vast wasteland"
    New here? Start with Episode 1, Fire on the Hill, at the top of the playlist.
    Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/k5_TMwCGcpE
    22 min
  • Ep 6: Mr. Watson, Come Here
    On 10 March 1876 the first words anyone wrote down as heard over a telephone were a request for a man to walk into the room. Who invented the telephone, and who came to own the wire?
    Alexander Graham Bell's patent, number 174,465, had been issued three days earlier, after papers from Bell and Elisha Gray reached the Patent Office on the same day, a race still argued, with Antonio Meucci of Staten Island claiming to have been first of all. Out of that patent grew the Bell System. It fought about six hundred lawsuits, outlasted most of its rivals and, under Theodore Vail, made a bargain with the government: "One Policy, One System, Universal Service."
    This episode meets the operators, more than three hundred fifty thousand in the late 1940s, almost all of them women; the automatic switch that replaced them; the farmers who strung their own lines; and the phone booth and the message unit that the cell phone made quaint. It gives the monopoly its strongest case, including eleven Nobel Prizes for work at Bell Labs, and ends with the copper landline AT&T says it will mostly retire by 2029.
    In this episode:
    • Bell, Gray and Meucci: what is contested
    • Vail's bargain and the Kingsbury Commitment of 1913
    • Operators, the automatic switch and party lines
    • The phone booth, the message unit and the end of copper
    New here? Start with Episode 1, Fire on the Hill, at the top of the playlist.
    Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/qejGs8aYSAc
    23 min
  • Ep 5: The Wire Under the Sea
    In August 1858 a ninety-eight-word message from Queen Victoria took about sixteen hours to cross the first Atlantic cable. Within weeks the cable was dead. How did that failure become the channel that still carries almost everything between continents?
    This episode follows a copper wire wrapped in tree gum, the paper merchant Cyrus Field, and the voltages that most investigators concluded burned out the 1858 cable. It took eight more years, the physicist William Thomson's theory of how signals crawl through a long wire, and the Great Eastern, the largest ship in the world, to lay a cable that lasted in 1866. Then the cables multiplied along routes chosen to land on British soil, and in August 1883 the telegraph carried news of Krakatoa from Java around the world in what the writer Simon Winchester calls the first global news event.
    Today, by TeleGeography's estimate, more than a million and a half kilometers of cable lie on the seabed, increasingly owned by the companies that run the internet, and satellites carry only a fraction of one percent of American international capacity.
    In this episode:
    • 1858: the salute, the silence and the blame
    • Thomson, gutta-percha and the Great Eastern
    • The imperial cable network and Krakatoa
    • Undersea cables now: Google, Meta, faults and sabotage fears
    New here? Start with Episode 1, Fire on the Hill, at the top of the playlist.
    Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/G07bjrKLEa4
    19 min

About ReThink History: Can You Hear Me Now

From the publisher's feed

For most of history a message moved only as fast as the person carrying it. Then it moved at the speed of sight: a fire on a hill, a flag on a mast, a semaphore arm on a tower. Then it moved as electricity, then as radio waves, then as pulses of light in glass. Today it moves by laser between satellites. Each leap made the last one look quaint. The telegraph replaced the courier, the telephone replaced the telegram, and the phone in your pocket replaced the phone booth.