When people think about a market crash, their mind immediately goes back to 2008. Truthfully, though, markets have been volatile more recently, and the impact it can have on a retirement plan can’t be ignored. Think back for a second to August and then again to October. Trade and tariff wars, major slowdowns in the economies of Germany and China, the prospect of further actions by the Federal Reserve all contributed their fair share to at least the perception of the market roller coaster action. Yet, no matter the year, no one can really tell when we’re in a bull market or bear market until we’re already well entrenched. So how are investors to cope with this possibly unsettling information? Working with a financial advisor, we believe those who are in an accumulation stage of life should continue to invest with patience and calm, keeping in mind that what comes down usually goes back up. However, for those in or nearing retirement, who may not have the time to wait for the downs to go up, they may want to consider additional strategies to help reduce the risk of stock market volatility.