The Pacific springs to new prominence as a trading center for obtaining resources to make goods and trading them globally via salt water.

The geography of shipping changes the nature of ports and ship design changes ships.

What freight do ships now carry and how does this change all our lives as producers and as consumers?

Europe tears itself apart in warfare, which becomes global. New weaponry below the surface and above it complicate warfare at sea, during the two great wars.

The Atlantic becomes a great avenue for the flow of trade and people.

Emotion pushes war. And Americans end with an empire stretching to the far Pacific.

Exploiting new industry to modernize the navy, Americans begin to perceive its application to international affairs.

The maritime USA did not react quickly to changing uses of the sea, which the industrial world was creating.

American space and resources enabled the rise of a new presence on the international seas. Establishing a powerful place in the world of sail, the nation falls into civil war.

Japan opens to the outside world and makes itself an Asian international power.