For as long as humans have lived together, we have grappled with questions about difference, identity, and tolerance – but what we really mean by these things must continue to be evaluated as the makeup of society and the degree of interconnection between its members change. Anti-racist politics of recent decades have been important in making a case for a cosmopolitan future – but, argues sociologist Keith Kahn-Harris, the rhetoric of anti-racism has often hindered, rather than helped, efforts to address the difficult questions about how to live together, particularly in increasingly diverse societies