Space exploration demands software that is reliable, efficient, and able to operate in the harshest environments imaginable. When a spacecraft deploys a solar sail millions of kilometers from Earth, there's no room for memory bugs, race conditions, or software failures. This is where Rust's robustness guarantees become mission-critical.
In this episode, we speak with Sebastian Scholz, an engineer at Gama Space, a French company pioneering solar sail and drag sail technology for spacecraft propulsion and deorbiting. We explore how Rust is being used in aerospace applications, the unique challenges of developing software for space systems, and what it takes to build reliable embedded systems that operate beyond Earth's atmosphere.

About Gama Space
Gama Space is a French aerospace company founded in 2020 and headquartered in Ivry-sur-Seine, France. The company develops space propulsion and orbital technologies with a mission to keep space accessible. Their two main product lines are solar sails for deep space exploration using the sun's infinite energy, and drag sails—the most effective way to deorbit satellites and combat space debris. After just two years of R&D, Gama successfully launched their satellite on a SpaceX Falcon 9. The Gama Alpha mission is a 6U cubesat weighing just 11 kilograms that deploys a large 73.3m² sail. With 48 employees, Gama is at the forefront of making space exploration more sustainable and accessible.
About Sebastian Scholz
Sebastian Scholz is an engineer at Gama Space, where he works on developing software systems for spacecraft propulsion technology. His work involves building reliable, safety-critical embedded systems that must operate flawlessly in the extreme conditions of space. Sebastian brings expertise in systems programming and embedded development to one of the most demanding environments for software engineering.
Links From The Episode

• GAMA-ALPHA - The demonstration satellite launched in January 2023
• Ada - Safety-focused programming language used in aerospace
• probe-rs - Embedded debugging toolkit for Rust
• hyper - Fast and correct HTTP implementation for Rust
• Flutter - Google's UI toolkit for cross-platform development
• UART - Very common low level communication protocol
• Hamming Codes - Error correction used to correct bit flips
• Rexus/Bexus - European project for sub-orbital experiments by students
• Embassy - The EMBedded ASsYnchronous framework
• CSP - The Cubesat Space Protocol
• std::num::NonZero - A number in Rust that can't be 0
• std::ffi::CString - A null-byte terminated String
• Rust in Production: KSAT - Our episode with Vegard about using Rust for Ground Station operations
• Rust in Production: Oxide - Our episode with Steve, mentioning Hubris
• Hubris - Oxide's embedded operating system
• ZeroCopy - Transmute data in-place without allocations
• std::mem::transmute - Unsafe function to treat a memory section as a different type than before

Official Links

• Gama Space Website
• Gama Space on LinkedIn
• Gama Space on Crunchbase

Radar processes billions of location events daily, powering geofencing and location APIs for companies like Uber, Lyft, and thousands of other apps. When their existing infrastructure started hitting performance and cost limits, they built HorizonDB, a specialized database which replaced both Elasticsearch and MongoDB with a custom single binary written in Rust and backed by RocksDB.

In this episode, we dive deep into the technical journey from prototype to production. We talk about RocksDB internals, finite-state transducers, the intricacies of geospatial indexing with Hilbert curves, and why Rust's type system and performance characteristics made it the perfect choice for rewriting critical infrastructure that processes location data at massive scale.

About Radar
Radar is the leading geofencing and location platform, trusted by companies like Uber, Lyft, and thousands of apps to power location-based experiences. Processing billions of location events daily, Radar provides geofencing APIs, geocoding, and location tracking that enables developers to build powerful location-aware applications. Their infrastructure handles massive scale with a focus on accuracy, performance, and reliability.
About Jeff Kao
Jeff Kao is a Staff Engineer at Radar, where he led the development of HorizonDB, Radar's geospatial database written in Rust. His work replaced Elasticsearch and MongoDB with a custom Rust stack built on RocksDB, achieving dramatic improvements in performance and cost efficiency. Jeff has deep experience with geospatial systems and previously open-sourced Node.js TypeScript bindings for Google's S2 library. He holds a degree from the University of Waterloo.
Links From The Episode

• Radar Blog: High-Performance Geocoding in Rust - The blog post, which describes Radar's migration from Elasticsearch and MongoDB to Rust and RocksDB
• FourSquare - The compay Jeff worked at before
• Ruby - The basis for Rails
• PagerDuty) - Another company Jeff worked at. Hes' been around!
• CoffeeScript - The first big JavaScript alternative before TypeScript
• Scala - A functional JVM based language
• Wikipedia: MapReduce - Distributed application of functional programming
• Wikipedia: Algebraic Data Types - The concept behind Rust's Enums, also present in e.g. Scala
• Kotlin - Easier than Scala, better than Java
• Apache Lucene - The core of ElasticSearch
• Discord Blog: Why Discord is switching from Go to Rust - Always the #1 result in searches for Rust migrations
• Radar Blog: Introducing HorizonDB - A really nice write up of Horizon's architecture
• RocksDB - The primary storage layer used in HorizonDB
• MyRocks - A MySQL Storage Engine using RocksDB, written by Facebook
• MongoRocks - A MongoDB Storage Layer using RocksDB
• CockroachDB - PostgreSQL compatible, distributed, SQL Database
• InfluxDB - A timeseries database that used RocksDB at one point, and our very first guest in this Podcast!
• sled - An embedded database written in Rust
• rocksdb - Rust bindings for RocksDB
• H3 - Uber's Geo Hashing using hexagons
• S2 - Google's Geo Hashing library
• Wikipedia: Hilbert Curve - A way to map 2 dimensions onto 1 while retaining proximity
• Wikipedia: Finite-State Transducer - A state machine used for efficiently looking up if a word exists in the data set
• Rust in Production: Astral - Our episode with Charlie Marsh about tooling for the Python ecosystem
• burntsushi - A very prolific Rust developer, now working at Astral
• fst - FST crate from burntsushi
• Wikipedia: Trie - A tree-structure using common prefixes
• Wikipedia: Levenshtein Distance - The number of letters you have to change, add, or remove to turn word a into word b
• tantivy - A full-text search engine, written in Rust, inspired by Lucene
• LightGBM - A gradient boosted tree, similar to a decision tree
• fastText - A text classification library from Meta
• Wikipedia: Inverted Index - An index used for e.g. full text search
• Wikipedia: Okapi BM25 - The ranking algorithm used in tantivy
• Wikipedia: tf-idf - A classic and simple ranking algorithm
• Roaring Bitmaps - A very fast bitset library used in many places
• corrode.dev: Be Simple - A sentiment right down Matthias' alley
• loco-rs - Rust on Rails

Official Links

• Radar
• Radar Blog
• Radar Documentation
• Jeff Kao on LinkedIn

As we close the chapter on 2025 and celebrate our second year of 'Rust in Production', it's time to reflect on the highlights of the 17 episodes since our last holiday special. We looked at Rust from all angles, from cloud infrastructure to embedded systems, and from robotics to satellite technology. One thing that all these stories have in common is the passion and dedication of the Rust community to build faster, safer, and more reliable software.

In this special episode, we look back at some of the memorable moments from the past year and celebrate Rust's achievements. This goes beyond the case studies we've covered; it's about the Rust community as a whole and the state of the Rust ecosystem at the end of 2025.

Links from the Show:

• Code.Talks Talk - Matthias' presentation on Rust case studies
• Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2025 - Rust as most admired language since 1.0 release
• Brave with Anton Lazarev (S03E07) - Rust as the go-to language
• Volvo with Julius Gustavsson (S03E08) - Empowering engineers
• Astral with Charlie Marsh (S04E03) - Welcoming community leads to huge impact
• Scythe with Andrew Tinka (S05E02) - Confidence in what you build
• Rust4Linux CVE - The first CVE in Rust for Linux
• Greg KH post - Context on kernel CVE statistics
• curl with Daniel Stenberg (S02E01) - Bug reports every three hours, code constantly changes
• curl statistics - How old code gets rewritten all the time
• Tembo with Adam Hendel (S04E05) - Software is never done
• Redis CVE-2025-49844 - Remote code execution vulnerability from use-after-free
• Canonical with John Seager (S05E05) - Ubuntu is optimistic about Rust
• Rust in Android - Memory safety vulnerabilities below 20%
• Android statistics - 3.9 billion active devices worldwide
• Roc with Richard Feldman (S05E04) - Focus on the end user
• Svix with Tom Hacohen (S04E02) - Love it, but compile times...
• Prime Video with Alexandru Ene (S05E01) - Build times need to improve
• crates.io - 200 billion crate downloads and 200k published crates
• Cloudflare with Kevin Guthrie and Edward Wang (S05E03) - Ecosystem is fantastic; thanks to all maintainers
• Rust Conferences 2026 - Complete list of upcoming Rust conferences
• CodeCrafters Course - Build your own HTTP server in Rust
• Rust Project Goals - November update on 41 active project goals
• cargo-script RFC - Run Rust scripts without full Cargo projects
• Better pin ergonomics RFC - Improving async Rust ergonomics
• KSAT with Vegard Sandengen (S04E07) - Make async better
• 1Password with Andrew Burkhart (S04E06) - Make it easier to learn Rust
• Rust Book by Brown University - Interactive learning resource for Rust
• Clippy lints - All available linter rules for Rust
• C++ and Rust interop - Safer language interoperability initiative
• Microsoft with Victor Ciura (S04E01) - C++ doesn't have to die for Rust to succeed
• BorrowSanitizer initiative - LLVM instrumentation for detecting aliasing violations
• Polonius - Next-generation borrow checker
• Rust with Niko Matsakis (S04E04) - Be excellent to each other (Bill & Ted reference)

Bringing Rust into the Linux kernel is one of the most ambitious modernization efforts in open source history. The Linux kernel, with its decades of C code and deeply ingrained development practices, is now opening its doors to a memory-safe language. It's the first time in over 30 years that a new programming language has been officially adopted for kernel development. But the journey is far from straightforward.
In this episode, we speak with Danilo Krummrich, Linux kernel maintainer and Rust for Linux core team member, about the groundbreaking work of integrating Rust into the Linux kernel. Among other things, we talk about the Nova GPU driver, a Rust-based successor to Nouveau for NVIDIA graphics cards, and discuss the technical challenges and cultural shifts required for large-scale Rust adoption in the kernel as well as the future of the Rust4Linux project.
About Rust for Linux
Rust for Linux is a project aimed at bringing the Rust programming language into the Linux kernel. Started to improve memory safety and reduce vulnerabilities in kernel code, the project has been gradually building the infrastructure, abstractions, and tooling necessary for Rust to coexist with the kernel's existing C codebase.
About Danilo Krummrich
Danilo Krummrich is a software engineer at Red Hat and a core contributor to the Rust for Linux project. His fundamental contribution to Rust for Linux is the driver-core infrastructure, the foundational framework that makes it possible to write drivers in Rust at all. This includes both C and Rust code that provides the core abstractions for device drivers in the kernel. Danilo is a maintainer for multiple critical kernel subsystems, including Driver Core, DRM (GPUVM, Rust, GPU Scheduler), GPU drivers for NVIDIA GPUs (Nova, Nouveau), Firmware Loader API, as well as Rust bindings for PCI, DMA, and ALLOC. He is the primary developer of the Nova GPU driver, a fully Rust-based driver for modern NVIDIA GPUs.
Links From The Episode

• AOSP - The Android Open Source Project
• Kernel Mailing Lists - Where the Linux development happens
• Miguel Ojeda - Rust4Linux maintainer
• Wedson Almeida Filho - Retired Rust4Linux maintainer
• noveau driver - The old driver for NVIDIA GPUs
• Vulkan - A low level graphics API
• Mesa - Vulkan and OpenGL implementation for Linux
• vtable - Indirect function call, a source of headaches in nouveau
• DRM - Direct Rendering Manager, Linux subsystem for all things graphics
• Monolithic Kernel - Linux' kernel architecture
• The Typestate Pattern in Rust - A very nice way to model state machines in Rust
• pinned-init - The userspace crate for pin-init
• rustfmt - Free up space in your brain by not thinking about formatting
• kunit - Unit testing framework for the kernel
• Rust core crate - The only part of the Rust Standard Library used in the Linux kernel
• Alexandre Courbot - NVIDIA employed co-maintainer of nova-core
• Greg Kroah-Hartman - Linux Foundation fellow and major Linux contributor
• Dave Airlie - Maintainer of the DRM tree
• vim - not even neovim
• mutt - classic terminal e-mail client
• aerc - a pretty good terminal e-mail client
• Rust4Linux Zulip - The best entry point for the Rust4Linux community

Official Links

• Rust for Linux GitHub
• Danilo Krummrich on GitHub
• Danilo Krummrich on LinkedIn

What does it take to rewrite the foundational components of one of the world's most popular Linux distributions? Ubuntu serves over 12 million daily desktop users alone, and the systems that power it, from sudo to core utilities, have been running for decades with what Jon Seager, VP of Engineering for Ubuntu at Canonical, calls "shaky underpinnings."
In this episode, we talk to Jon about the bold decision to "oxidize" Ubuntu's foundation. We explore why they're rewriting critical components like sudo in Rust, how they're managing the immense risk of changing software that millions depend on daily, and what it means to modernize a 20-year-old operating system without breaking the internet.
About Canonical
Canonical is the company behind Ubuntu, one of the most widely-used Linux distributions in the world. From personal desktops to cloud infrastructure, Ubuntu powers millions of systems globally. Canonical's mission is to make open source software available to people everywhere, and they're now pioneering the adoption of Rust in foundational system components to improve security and reliability for the next generation of computing.
About Jon Seager
Jon Seager is VP Engineering for Ubuntu at Canonical, where he oversees the Ubuntu Desktop, Server, and Foundations teams. Appointed to this role in January 2025, Jon is driving Ubuntu's modernization strategy with a focus on Communication, Automation, Process, and Modernisation. His vision includes adopting memory-safe languages like Rust for critical infrastructure components. Before this role, Jon spent three years as VP Engineering building Juju and Canonical's catalog of charms. He's passionate about making Ubuntu ready for the next 20 years of computing.
Links From The Episode

• Juju - Jon's previous focus, a cloud orchestration tool
• GNU coretuils - The widest used implementation of commands like ls, rm, cp, and more
• uutils coreutils - coreutils implementation in Rust
• sudo-rs - For your Rust based sandwiches needs
• LTS - Long Term Support, a release model popularized by Ubuntu
• coreutils-from-uutils - List of symbolic links used for coreutils on Ubuntu, some still point to the GNU implementation
• man: sudo -E - Example of a feature that sudo-rs does not support
• SIMD - Single instruction, multiple data
• rust-coreutils - The Ubuntu package with all it's supported CPU platforms listed
• fastcat - Matthias' blogpost about his faster version of cat
• systemd-run0 - Alternative approach to sudo from the systemd project
• AppArmor - The Linux Security Module used in Ubuntu
• PAM - The Pluggable Authentication Modules, which handles all system authentication in Linux
• SSSD - Enables LDAP user profiles on Linux machines
• ntpd-rs - Timesynchronization daemon written in Rust which may land in Ubuntu 26.04
• Trifecta Tech Foundation - Foundation supporting sudo-rs development
• Sequioa PGP - OpenPGP tools written in Rust
• Mir - Canonicals wayland compositor library, uses some Rust
• Anbox Cloud - Canonical's Android streaming platform, includes Rust components
• Simon Fels - Original creator of Anbox and Anbox Cloud team lead at Canonical
• LXD - Container and VM hypervisor
• dqlite - SQLite with a replication layer for distributed use cases, potentially being rewritten in Rust
• Rust for Linux - Project to add Rust support to the Linux kernel
• Nova GPU Driver - New Linux OSS driver for NVIDIA GPUs written in Rust
• Ubuntu Asahi - Community project for Ubuntu on Apple Silicon
• debian-devel: Hard Rust requirements from May onward - Parts of apt are being rewritten in Rust (announced a month after the recording of this episode)
• Go Standard Library - Providing things like network protocols, cryptographic algorithms, and even tools to handle image formats
• Python Standard Library - The origin of "batteries included"
• The Rust Standard Library - Basic types, collections, filesystem access, threads, processes, synchronisation, and not much more
• clap - Superstar library for CLI option parsing
• serde - Famous high-level serilization and deserialization interface crate

Official Links

• Canonical
• Ubuntu
• Jon Seager's Website
• Jon's Blog: Engineering Ubuntu For The Next 20 Years
• Canonical Blog
• Ubuntu Blog
• Canonical Careers: Engineering - Apply your Rust skills in the Linux ecosystem

Building a new programming language from scratch is a monumental undertaking. In this episode, we talk to Richard Feldman, creator of the Roc programming language, about building a functional language that is fast, friendly, and functional. We discuss why the Roc team moved away from using Rust as a host language and instead is in the process of migrating to Zig. What was the decision-making process like? What can Rust learn this decision? And how does Zig compare to Rust for this kind of systems programming work?
About Roc
Roc is a fast, friendly, functional programming language currently in alpha development. It's a single-paradigm functional language with 100% type inference that compiles to machine code or WebAssembly. Roc takes inspiration from Elm but extends those ideas beyond the frontend, introducing innovations like platforms vs applications, opportunistic mutation, and purity inference. The language features static dispatch, a small set of simple primitives that work well together, and excellent compiler error messages. Roc is already being used in production by companies like Vendr, and is supported by a nonprofit foundation with corporate and individual sponsors.
About Richard Feldman
Richard Feldman is the creator of the Roc programming language and author of "Elm in Action." He works at Zed Industries and has extensive experience with functional programming, particularly Elm. Richard is also the host of Software Unscripted, a weekly podcast featuring casual conversations about code with programming language creators and industry experts. He's a frequent conference speaker and teacher, with courses available on Frontend Masters. Richard has been a longtime contributor to the functional programming community and previously worked at NoRedInk building large-scale Elm applications.
Links From The Episode

• Zig - Better than Rust?
• Rust in Production: Zed - Our interview with Richard's colleague with more details about Zed
• Richards blogpost about migrating from Rust to Zig - Sent in by many listeners
• Elm - Initial inspiration for Roc
• NoRedInk - Richard's first experience with Elm
• Haskell - A workable Elm on the backend substitute
• OCaml - Functional language, but pure functions only encouraged
• F# - Similar shortcomings as OCaml
• Evan Czaplicki - Creator of Elm
• Ghostty - Terminal emulator from Mitchel Hashimoto with lots of code contributions in Zig
• bumpref - A tiny Rust crate that came out of this discussion, providing Arc::bump(), which is an alias for clone().
• RAII - Resource acquisition is initialization, developed for C++, now a core part of Rust
• Frontend Masters: The Rust Programming Language - Richard's course teaching Rust
• Rust by Example: From and Into - Traits for ergonomic initialising of objects in Rust
• The Rust Programming Language: Lifetime Annotations on Struct Definitions - Learn from Roc: try to avoid having lifetime type parameters
• Rust By Example: Box, stack and heap - Putting objects on the heap can slow down your application
• Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software - Seminal book popularising many common patterns in use today, written by the so-called "Gang of Four"
• Casey Muratori: The Big OOPs - Game developer explaining why OOP was an obvious mistake for high performance code
• Alan Kay - Coined the term "object-oriented" while developing the Smalltalk language in the 70s
• Niklaus Wirth - Working on Modula, a modular programming language, at the same time
• Kotlin - A new and popular language, basically Java++
• Go - Popular "greenfield" language, i.e. not coupled to an existing language, not using the object oriented paradigm
• Cranelift backend for Rust - A faster backend than LLVM, but still not released
• Andrew Kelly - Creator of Zig
• Software Unscripted - Richard's Podcast
• GPUI - Zed's own UI crate
• Structure of Arrays vs Array of structures - A big source of unsafe code in the Rust implementation of Roc
• The Zig Programming Language: comptime - Zig's replacement for Rust's proc-macros, with much broader utility
• crabtime - Comptime crate for Rust
• Roc - Roc's namesake, the mythical bird
• Rust in Production: Tweede Golf - Podcast episode with Volkert de Vries, one of the first contributors to Roc

Official Links

• Roc Programming Language
• Roc on GitHub
• Richard Feldman on GitHub
• Richard Feldman on LinkedIn
• Richard Feldman on X
• Software Unscripted Podcast

How do you build a system that handles 90 million requests per second? That’s the scale that Cloudflare operates at, processing roughly 25% of all internet traffic through their global network of 330+ edge locations.

In this episode, we talk to Kevin Guthrie and Edward Wang from Cloudflare about Pingora, their open-source Rust-based proxy that replaced nginx across their entire infrastructure. We’ll find out why they chose Rust for mission-critical systems handling such massive scale, the technical challenges of replacing battle-tested infrastructure, and the lessons learned from “oxidizing” one of the internet’s largest networks.
About Cloudflare

Cloudflare is a global network designed to make everything you connect to the Internet secure, private, fast, and reliable. Their network spans 330+ cities worldwide and handles approximately 25% of all internet traffic. Cloudflare provides a range of services including DDoS protection, CDN, DNS, and serverless computing—all built on infrastructure that processes billions of requests every day.

About Kevin Guthrie

Kevin Guthrie is a Software Architect and Principal Distributed Systems Engineer at Cloudflare working on Pingora and the production services built upon it. He specializes in performance optimization at scale. Kevin has deep expertise in building high-performance systems and has contributed to open-source projects that power critical internet infrastructure.

About Edward Wang

Edward Wang is a Systems Engineer at Cloudflare who has been instrumental in developing Pingora, Cloudflare’s Rust-based HTTP proxy framework. He co-authored the announcement of Pingora’s open source release. Edward’s work focuses on performance optimization, security, and building developer-friendly APIs for network programming.

Links From The Episode

• Pingora - Serving 90+ million requests per second (7e12 per day) at Cloudflare
• How we built Pingora - Cloudflare blog post on Pingora’s architecture
• Open sourcing Pingora - Announcement of Pingora’s open source release
• Rust in Production: Oxide - Interview with Steve Klabnik
• Anycast - Routing traffic to the closest point of presence
• Lua - A small, embeddable scripting language
• nginx - The HTTP server and reverse proxy that Pingora replaced
• coredump - File capturing the memory of a running process for debugging
• OpenResty - Extending nginx with Lua
• Oxy - Another proxy developed at Cloudflare in Rust
• Ashley Williams - Famous Rust developer who worked at Cloudflare at one point
• Yuchen Wu - One of the first drivers of Pingora development
• Andrew Hauck - Early driver of Pingora development
• Pingora Peak - The actual mountain in Wyoming where a Cloudflare product manager almost fell off
• shellflip - Graceful process restarter in Rust, used by Pingora
• tableflip - Go library that inspired shellflip
• bytes - Reference-counted byte buffers for Rust
• The Cargo Book: Specifying dependencies from git repositories - Who needs a registry anyway?
• cargo audit - Security vulnerability scanner for Rust dependencies
• epoll - Async I/O API in Linux
• Tokio - The async runtime powering Pingora
• mio - Tokio’s abstraction over epoll and other async I/O OS interfaces
• Noah Kennedy - An actual Tokio expert on the Pingora team
• Rain: Cancelling Async Rust - RustConf 2025 talk with many examples of pitfalls
• foundations - Cloudflare’s foundational crate for Rust project that exposes Tokio internal metrics
• io_uring - Shiny new kernel toy for async I/O
• ThePrimeTime: Cloudflare - Trie Hard - Big Savings On Cloud - “It’s not a millie, it’s not a billie, it’s a trillie”
• valuable - Invaluable crate for introspection of objects for logging and tracing
• bytes - Very foundational crate for reference counted byte buffers
• DashMap - Concurrent HashMap with as little lock contention as possible
• Prossimo - Initiative for memory safety in critical internet infrastructure
• River - Prossimo-funded reverse proxy based on Pingora
• Rustls - Memory-safe TLS implementation in Rust, also funded by Prossimo
• http crate - HTTP types for Rust
• h2 - HTTP/2 implementation in Rust
• hyper - Fast HTTP implementation for Rust
• ClickHouse Rust client - Official Rust client by Paul Loyd
• Pingap - Reverse proxy built on Pingora
• PR: Add Rustls to Pingora - by Harald Gutmann
• PR: Add s2n-tls to Pingora - by Bryan Gilbert

Official Links

• Cloudflare
• Cloudflare Blog
• Pingora on GitHub
• Edward Wang’s Blog Posts
• Kevin Guthrie’s Blog Posts

Building autonomous robots that operate safely in the real world is one of the most challenging engineering problems today. When those robots carry sharp blades and work around people, the margin for error is razor-thin.

In this episode, we talk to Andrew Tinka from Scythe Robotics about how they use Rust to build autonomous electric mowers for commercial landscaping. We discuss the unique challenges of robotics software, why Rust is an ideal choice for cutting-edge safety-critical systems, and what it takes to keep autonomous machines running smoothly in the field.
About Scythe Robotics
Scythe Robotics is building autonomous electric mowers for commercial landscaping. Their machines combine advanced sensors, computer vision, and sophisticated path planning to autonomously trim large outdoor spaces while ensuring safety around people and obstacles. By leveraging Rust throughout their software stack, Scythe achieves the reliability and safety guarantees required for autonomous systems breaking new ground in uncontrolled environments. The company is headquartered in Colorado and is reshaping how commercial properties are maintained.
About Andrew Tinka
Andrew is the Director of Software Engineering at Scythe Robotics, where he drives the development of autonomous systems that power their robotic mowers. He specializes in planning and control for large fleets of mobile robots, with over a decade of experience in multi-agent planning technologies that helped pave the way at Amazon Robotics. Andrew has cultivated deep expertise in building safety-critical software for real-world robotics applications and is passionate about using Rust to create reliable, performant systems. His work covers everything from low-level embedded systems to high-level planning algorithms.
Links From The Episode

• Ski trails rating - A difficulty rating system common in Colorado
• NVIDIA Jetson - Combined ARM CPU with a GPU for AI workloads at the heart of every Scythe robot
• The Rust Book: Variables and Mutability - Immutability is the default in Rust
• Jon Gjengset: Sguaba - A type safe spatial maths library
• The Rust Book: Inheritance as a Type System and as Code Sharing - Unlike Java, Rust doesn't have inheritance
• Using {..Default::default} when creating structs - The alternative is to initialize each field explicitly
• The Rust Book: Refutability - Rust tells you when you forgot something
• Clippy - Rust's official linter
• Deterministic fleet management for autonomous mobile robots using Rust - Andy Brinkmeyer from Arculus - 2024 Oxidize warehouse robot talk with deterministic testing
• ROS - The Robot Operating System
• Ractor - A good modern actor framework
• Rain: Cancelling Async Rust - RustConf 2025 talk with many examples of pitfalls

Official Links

• Scythe Robotics
• Scythe on LinkedIn
• Scythe on GitHub
• Andrew Tinka on LinkedIn

Are you one of over 240 million subscribers of Amazon's Prime Video service? If so, you might be surprised to learn that much of the infrastructure behind Prime Video is built using Rust. They use a single codebase for media players, game consoles, and tablets. In this episode, we sit down with Alexandru Ene, a Principal Engineer at Amazon, to discuss how Rust is used at Prime Video, the challenges they face in building a global streaming service, and the benefits of using Rust for their backend systems.

About Prime Video
Prime Video is a streaming service offered by Amazon that provides a wide range of movies, TV shows, and original content to its subscribers. With over 240 million subscribers worldwide, Prime Video is one of the largest streaming platforms in the world. In addition to its vast content library, Prime Video also offers features such as offline viewing, 4K streaming, and support for multiple devices. On the backend, Prime Video relies on a variety of technologies to deliver its content, including Rust, which is used for building high-performance and reliable systems that can handle the demands of a global audience.
About Alexandru Ene
Alexandru worked on the transition of Prime Video's user interface from JavaScript to Rust. He has been with Amazon for over 8 years and previously worked at companies like Ubisoft and EA. He has a background in computer science and is an active open source maintainer. Alexandru lives in London.
Links From The Episode

• Ferris Makes Emulators Ep.001 - The Journey Begins - First episode of a famous series where Jake Taylor wrote a Nintendo 64 emulator in Rust from scratch
• CMake - Very common build system used in C++ applications
• Conan - C++ Package Manager community project
• C++ Smart Pointers - Still a footgun
• Herb Sutter: The Free Lunch Is Over - The seminal 2005 paper that highlights the importance of concurrency, well past C++'s mainstream adoption
• Rust in Production: cURL - Baseline library used everywhere, written in C, but performant and safe
• Prime Video Platforms - One app runs on all of these
• WebAssembly (WASM) - Enabling Rust code with good performance that you can still download and run like JavaScript, avoiding the need for firmware updates on some devices
• Entity Component System - Used in the UI Rust code for pages in the app
• Bevy - Game engine written in Rust
• Leptos - UI framework that makes reactive programming in Rust easier
• tokio - The de facto standard async runtime for Rust
• SIMD - A nice feature set some CPUs support
• WebAssembly Micro Runtime - A tiny WASM runtime well suited for IoT platforms
• WebAssembly Working Group

Official Links

• Amazon Prime Video
• Rust & WASM for UI: Faster Prime Video on ANY Device - Alexandru Ene, QCon San Francisco 2024
• Alexandru Ene on LinkedIn
• Alexandru's Blog
• Alexandru Ene on GitHub

It’s time for another recap including our highlights of Season 4.

We’ve been at this for a while now (four seasons, and 32 episodes to be exact). We had guests from a wide range of industries: from Microsoft to Astral, and from password managers to satellite systems.

This time, it’s all about using Rust for foundational software, which is software that is critical to a team or even an entire organization. Rust is a great fit for this type of software!
We’ll take a break for the summer. In the meantime, we encourage you to catch up on any episodes you might have missed, and to check out the links below.

And if you’re interested in using Rust for your own projects, check out our dedicated learn page for additional content about Rust adoption or reach out to us directly for a chat.
Links From The Episode

• 10 Years of Stable Rust: An Infrastructure Story - Graydon Hoare’s reflection on Rust’s 10th anniversary
• Rust For Foundational Software - Matthias’ blog post on Rust’s role in foundational software

About Us

• Simon Brüggen (M3t0r) on GitHub
• Simon Brüggen (M3t0r) on Mastodon
• Matthias Endler on Mastodon
• About corrode Rust Consulting
• ‘Rust in Production’ Podcast on Apple
• ‘Rust in Production’ Podcast on Spotify

All Episodes of Season 4

If you missed any of the previous episodes, now is a great time to catch up:

• Episode 1: Microsoft with Victor Ciura
• Episode 2: Svix with Tom Hacohen
• Episode 3: Astral with Charlie Marsh
• Episode 4: Rust with Niko Matsakis
• Episode 5: Tembo with Adam Hendel
• Episode 6: 1Password with Andrew Burkhart
• Episode 7: KSAT with Vegard Sandengen

Credits
Podcast production by Simon Brüggen (M3t0r).
We would like to thank the guests for their time and insights. We would also like to thank you, the listener for your support and feedback. Hosting and producing a podcast is a lot of work, but it’s worth it when we hear from you. Here’s to another great season!