Pay compression occurs when new hires are paid more than existing employees in the same role, leading to resentment and higher labor costs. This discussion, based on David Weaver’s article explains the symptoms and causes of pay compression, such as hiring for in-demand skills, long-term employees, salary freezes, and a lack of market adjustments. It also outlines steps to diagnose, and address pay compression, including internal equity analysis, market adjustments, and implementing a pay "wellness" program to prevent future issues.