After taking Madrid, Napoleon chased a British army into northwestern Spain. Meanwhile, behind the lines, Spanish guerrillas waged a brutal war against the occupiers.

The Spanish Patriots prepared to hold off Bonaparte in a rocky mountain pass, but they didn't count on the heroism of the Polish cavalry of Napoleon's Imperial Guard.

In early November 1808, French troops crossed the Ebro River in their second invasion of Spain, led by the Emperor himself.

The summer of 1808 saw desperate fighting across Iberia as Spanish and Portuguese patriots rose up against Napoleon. France's most powerful enemy, Great Britain, sought to take advantage.

The Spanish uprising was a disaster for France. Napoleon tried to shore up his diplomatic situation but found himself undermined by a surprising new enemy. Cameo appearances by José de San Martín and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

In the spring of 1808, Napoleon said he considered Spain conquered. That summer, Spanish forces dealt France its first major battlefield defeat in nearly a decade. How did Spain manage this stunning reversal?

Chris and Matt’s series wrap-up livestream on Twitch from Friday, 4/21. The boys cover some breaking 17th century news, talk about what unexpected things they learned from the series, take listener and viewer questions, and discuss future projects.

We’re joined by Derek Davison (Foreign Exchanges newsletter, American Prestige podcast) to discuss the ever-present entity to the east of our main story, the Ottoman Empire. Derek takes us through the rise, reign and decline of the Ottomans themselves, and we dig further into their interactions with Europe in the 17th century.

We’re joined by Mike Duncan (Revolutions podcast, Hero of Two Worlds) to discuss the English Civil War, its causes, consequences and the character of those who fought in it.

We’re joined by the War Nerd, John Dolan, to discuss the evolution of war from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern period, and the various ways armed combat shaped society and politics of the time.