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Scaffolds
Scaffolds episodes
- 2 June 2026 - Woolly Apple Aphids in New York with Mason Chandler, Powdery Mildew & Fire Blight Concerns
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 – 6/1
Station || Stage || DD 43F || DD 43 Forecast Through 6/7 ||
Geneva (AgriTech Crittenden) || 10-15mm || 890 || 1040
Highland (HVRL) || 20+ mm || 1029 || 1196
Clifton Park || 10-15mm || 870 || 1024
Peru (Forrence) || 5-10mm || 669 || 831
Medina (Roberts) - Inland || 10-15mm || 828 || 973
Appleton North - Lake || 10-15mm || 685 || 834
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || 10-15mm || 851 || 992
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake || 10-15mm || 773 || 886
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
Upcoming Pest Events (Reference: Table 7.1.4 Tree Fruit Guidelines)
Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 192 ± 25 || 10-May ± 6 days
OBLR Overwintered Gen. Sample || Bloom
Codling Moth Traps set out || Bloom
---
Petal fall (McIntosh) || 479 ± 42 || 252 ± 32 || 18-May ± 6 days
Lesser appleworm – 1st flight peak || 569 ± 205 || 313 ± 130 || 22-May ± 13 days
Plum curculio – 1st oviposition scars observed || 555 ± 77 || 286 ± 37 || 25-May ± 9 days
Pear psylla – hardshell stage observed || 569 ± 87 || 312 ± 51 || 22-May ± 9 days
Lesser peachtree borer – 1st adult catch || 570 ± 94 || 308 ± 59 || 24-May ± 8 days
San Jose scale – 1st flight peak || 644 ± 89 || 355 ± 58 || 29-May ± 8 days
---
ERM Sample – 2.5 mites/leaf || 1-Jun
OBLR traps set out || 1-Jun
Black stem borer – 1st flight peak || 681 ± 170 || 383 ± 122 || 1-Jun ± 9 days
RBLR – 1st flight ending || 753 ± 140 || 448 ± 105 || 2-Jun ± 8 days
American plum borer – 1st flight peak || 784 ± 183 || 457 ± 128 || 3-Jun ± 9 days
Codling moth – 1st flight peak || 768 ± 206 || 442 ± 134 || 3-Jun ± 12 days
STLM – 1st flight ending || 813 ± 128 || 475 ± 94 || 5-Jun ± 9 days
OBLR – 1st adult catch || 884 ± 90 || 523 ± 62 || 9-Jun ± 6 days
OFM – 1st flight ending || 825* ± 126* || 576 ± 97 || 12-Jun ± 8 days
Peachtree borer – 1st adult catch || 1032 ± 266 || 619 ± 182 || 15-Jun ± 11 days
San Jose scale – 1st flight ending || 1039 ± 182 || 632 ± 125 || 16-Jun ± 8 days
Black stem borer – 1st flight ending || 1056 ± 198 || 636 ± 154 || 19-Jun ± 9 days
STLM – 2nd gen. 1st adult catch || 1063 ± 91 || 648 ± 74 || 16-Jun ± 6 days
San Jose scale – 1st crawlers observed || 1124 ± 91 || 688 ± 69 || 19-Jun ± 8 days
Dogwood borer – 1st adult catch || 964 ± 230 || 571 ± 151 || 12-Jun ± 9 days
—
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests
Virtual Orchard Scout Training webinar recording on the Cornell IPM YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtyOWCL1Q2A
Apple IPM Intensive Workshop playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoNb8lODb49vifrm9Tla4GmAVhlIL0527
Northeast Regional Climate Change Monthly Maps
https://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/regional/monthly/monthly.html
NEWA Help Desk Frequently Asked Questions and Table of Contents. https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/categories/16994462926231-NEWA-Network-for-Environment-and-Weather-Applications
https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/sections/17011505301783-Apple-Insect-Disease-and-Crop-Management-Forecasts
51 min - 26 May 2026 - Petal Fall Pest Considerations, Scab and Fire Blight Updates
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 - 5/25
Station || Stage || DD 43F || DD 43 Forecast 5/31 ||
Geneva (AgriTech North) || 10mm || 742 || 853
Highland (HVRL) || 15mm || 893 || 1028
Clifton Park || 10mm || 745 || 864
Peru (Forrence) || PF || 554 || 679
Medina (Roberts) - Inland || 8mm || 702 || 814
Appleton North - Lake || 8mm || 560 || 674
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || 8mm || 723 || 830
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake || 8mm || 649 || 738
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
Upcoming Pest Events (Reference: Table 7.1.4 Tree Fruit Guidelines)
Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 192 ± 25 || 10-May ± 6 days
OBLR Overwintered Gen. Sample || Bloom
Codling Moth Traps set out || Bloom
---
Petal fall (McIntosh) || 479 ± 42 || 252 ± 32 || 18-May ± 6 days
Lesser appleworm – 1st flight peak || 569 ± 205 || 313 ± 130 || 22-May ± 13 days
Plum curculio – 1st oviposition scars observed || 555 ± 77 || 286 ± 37 || 25-May ± 9 days
Pear psylla – hardshell stage observed || 569 ± 87 || 312 ± 51 || 22-May ± 9 days
Lesser peachtree borer – 1st adult catch || 570 ± 94 || 308 ± 59 || 24-May ± 8 days
San Jose scale – 1st flight peak || 644 ± 89 || 355 ± 58 || 29-May ± 8 days
---
ERM Sample – 2.5 mites/leaf || 1-Jun
OBLR traps set out || 1-Jun
Black stem borer – 1st flight peak || 681 ± 170 || 383 ± 122 || 1-Jun ± 9 days
RBLR – 1st flight ending || 753 ± 140 || 448 ± 105 || 2-Jun ± 8 days
American plum borer – 1st flight peak || 784 ± 183 || 457 ± 128 || 3-Jun ± 9 days
Codling moth – 1st flight peak || 768 ± 206 || 442 ± 134 || 3-Jun ± 12 days
STLM – 1st flight ending || 813 ± 128 || 475 ± 94 || 5-Jun ± 9 days
OBLR – 1st adult catch || 884 ± 90 || 523 ± 62 || 9-Jun ± 6 days
OFM – 1st flight ending || 825* ± 126* || 576 ± 97 || 12-Jun ± 8 days
Peachtree borer – 1st adult catch || 1032 ± 266 || 619 ± 182 || 15-Jun ± 11 days
San Jose scale – 1st flight ending || 1039 ± 182 || 632 ± 125 || 16-Jun ± 8 days
Black stem borer – 1st flight ending || 1056 ± 198 || 636 ± 154 || 19-Jun ± 9 days
STLM – 2nd gen. 1st adult catch || 1063 ± 91 || 648 ± 74 || 16-Jun ± 6 days
San Jose scale – 1st crawlers observed || 1124 ± 91 || 688 ± 69 || 19-Jun ± 8 days
Dogwood borer – 1st adult catch || 964 ± 230 || 571 ± 151 || 12-Jun ± 9 days
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
Video: Apple Insect Targets and IPM Practices (including explanations of Degree Day calculations), https://youtu.be/NwyBAcvbpUs
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests
Virtual Orchard Scout Training webinar recording on the Cornell IPM YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtyOWCL1Q2A
Apple IPM Intensive Workshop playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoNb8lODb49vifrm9Tla4GmAVhlIL0527
Northeast Regional Climate Change Monthly Maps
https://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/regional/monthly/monthly.html
NEWA Help Desk Frequently Asked Questions and Table of Contents. https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/categories/16994462926231-NEWA-Network-for-Environment-and-Weather-Applications
https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/sections/17011505301783-Apple-Insect-Disease-and-Crop-Management-Forecasts
50 min - 19 May 2026 - Pesticide Adjuvants & Tank Mixing with Dr. Christophe Duplais, Fire Blight and Fungal Disease Updates
State of the State
Historical Phenology and Average Degree Day Accumulation Base 43
- Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 10-May ± 6 days
- Petal fall (McIntosh) || 479 ± 42 || 18-May ± 6 days
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 – 5/18
Station || Stage || DD 43F || DD 43 Forecast Through 5/24 ||
Geneva (AgriTech North) || Petal Fall || 628 || 727
Highland (HVRL) || 10-12 mm || 752 || 885
Clifton Park || Petal Fall || 618 || 736
Peru (Forrence) || Bloom || 444 || 548
Medina (Roberts) - Inland || Petal Fall || 588 || 682
Appleton North - Lake || Petal Fall || 465 || 555
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || Petal Fall || 610 || 706
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake || Petal Fall || 539 || 617
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
Upcoming Pest Events (Reference: Table 7.1.4 Tree Fruit Guidelines)
Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 192 ± 25 || 10-May ± 6 days
OBLR Overwintered Gen. Sample || Bloom
Codling Moth Traps set out || Bloom
---
Petal fall (McIntosh) || 479 ± 42 || 252 ± 32 || 18-May ± 6 days
Lesser appleworm – 1st flight peak || 569 ± 205 || 313 ± 130 || 22-May ± 13 days
Plum curculio – 1st oviposition scars observed || 555 ± 77 || 286 ± 37 || 25-May ± 9 days
Pear psylla – hardshell stage observed || 569 ± 87 || 312 ± 51 || 22-May ± 9 days
Lesser peachtree borer – 1st adult catch || 570 ± 94 || 308 ± 59 || 24-May ± 8 days
San Jose scale – 1st flight peak || 644 ± 89 || 355 ± 58 || 29-May ± 8 days
---
ERM Sample – 2.5 mites/leaf || 1-Jun
OBLR traps set out || 1-Jun
Black stem borer – 1st flight peak || 681 ± 170 || 383 ± 122 || 1-Jun ± 9 days
RBLR – 1st flight ending || 753 ± 140 || 448 ± 105 || 2-Jun ± 8 days
American plum borer – 1st flight peak || 784 ± 183 || 457 ± 128 || 3-Jun ± 9 days
Codling moth – 1st flight peak || 768 ± 206 || 442 ± 134 || 3-Jun ± 12 days
STLM – 1st flight ending || 813 ± 128 || 475 ± 94 || 5-Jun ± 9 days
OBLR – 1st adult catch || 884 ± 90 || 523 ± 62 || 9-Jun ± 6 days
OFM – 1st flight ending || 825* ± 126* || 576 ± 97 || 12-Jun ± 8 days
Peachtree borer – 1st adult catch || 1032 ± 266 || 619 ± 182 || 15-Jun ± 11 days
San Jose scale – 1st flight ending || 1039 ± 182 || 632 ± 125 || 16-Jun ± 8 days
Black stem borer – 1st flight ending || 1056 ± 198 || 636 ± 154 || 19-Jun ± 9 days
STLM – 2nd gen. 1st adult catch || 1063 ± 91 || 648 ± 74 || 16-Jun ± 6 days
San Jose scale – 1st crawlers observed || 1124 ± 91 || 688 ± 69 || 19-Jun ± 8 days
Dogwood borer – 1st adult catch || 964 ± 230 || 571 ± 151 || 12-Jun ± 9 days
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
Video: Apple Insect Targets and IPM Practices (including explanations of Degree Day calculations), https://youtu.be/NwyBAcvbpUs
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests
Virtual Orchard Scout Training webinar recording on the Cornell IPM YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtyOWCL1Q2A
Apple IPM Intensive Workshop playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoNb8lODb49vifrm9Tla4GmAVhlIL0527
Northeast Regional Climate Change Monthly Maps
https://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/regional/monthly/monthly.html
NEWA Help Desk Frequently Asked Questions and Table of Contents. https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/categories/16994462926231-NEWA-Network-for-Environment-and-Weather-Applications
https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/sections/17011505301783-Apple-Insect-Disease-and-Crop-Management-Forecasts
45 min - 12 May 2026 - Timing Considerations for the Season, Scab & Fire Blight updates
Petal Fall Meeting Schedule
Western NY: Post-Bloom Insect & Disease Management, Freeze Events Info, and Thinning Recommendations Webinar
Wednesday, May 13, 4-5:30 PM
https://cornell.zoom.us/j/93057550896?pwd=u2RBsT8jNARGMcOuW69fKRwyBObKPq.1&from=addon
Capital Region: Saratoga/Mohawk Valley Petal Fall Webinar
Thursday, May 14, 4-5:30 PM
https://cornell.zoom.us/j/98474224521?pwd=cla7pvnKFc32wypoaR0AMyVCwsDTR8.1
Southern Hudson Valley: Ulster County In-Person Thinning Meeting
Friday, May 15, 3-5pm
Weed Orchards Farm Winery & Café 43 Mt. Zion Rd. Milton, New York
Northern Hudson Valley: Columbia County In-Person Thinning Meeting
Tuesday, May 19, 2-4pm
Cornell Cooperative Extension - Hudson Office CCE Regional Extension Center 479 NY-66 Hudson, New York
Historical Phenology and Average Degree Day Accumulation Base 43 (for reference)
Pink (McIntosh) || 289 ± 26 || 3-May ± 7 days
Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 10-May ± 6 days
Petal fall (McIntosh) || 479 ± 42 || 18-May ± 6 days
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 – 5/11
Station || Stage || DD 43F || DD 43 Forecast Through 5/17
Geneva (AgriTech North) || Bloom || 510 || 587
Highland (HVRL) || Petal Fall || 619 || 719
Clifton Park || Bloom || 495 || 580
Peru (Forrence) || Pink, King Bloom || 345 || 421
Medina (Roberts) - Inland || Bloom || 470 || 541
Appleton North - Lake || Bloom || 356 || 422
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || Bloom || 498 || 569
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake || Bloom || 424 || 470
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
Upcoming Pest Events
Pest/Phenology Event || DD Base 43˚F || Approx. Date
STLM Traps set out || 1-Apr
Pear psylla – egg laying || 84 ± 44 || 33 ± 21 || 4-Apr ± 11 days
RBLR – 1st catch || 144 ± 32 || 60 ± 20 || 17-Apr ± 9 days
Rosy apple aphid – 1st nymphs present || 189 ± 55 || 86 ± 30 || 25-Apr ± 7 days
STLM – 1st adult catch || 168 ± 48 || 73 ± 28 || 20-Apr ± 9 days
STLM – 1st egg observed || 208 ± 65 || 94 ± 36 || 27-Apr ± 5 days
---
Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 105 ± 19 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
Tarnished plant bug – 1st observed || 222 ± 105 || 105 ± 62 || 25-Apr ± 15 days
OBLR – 1st overwintered larvae observed || 236 ± 78 || 112 ± 48 || 29-Apr ± 7 days
Black stem borer – 1st adult catch || 283 ± 50 || 137 ± 40 || 6-May ± 3 days
European red mite – egg hatch observed || 284 ± 53 || 134 ± 34 || 6-May ± 4 days
---
Pink (McIntosh) || 289 ± 26 || 139 ± 21 || 3-May ± 7 days
OFM Traps set out || Pink
Oriental fruit moth – 1st adult catch || 229* ± 44* || 126 ± 33 || 2-May ± 8 days
RBLR – 1st flight peak || 303 ± 75 || 150 ± 48 || 4-May ± 9 days
STLM – 1st flight peak || 337 ± 71 || 168 ± 45 || 7-May ± 8 days
---
Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 192 ± 25 || 10-May ± 6 days
OBLR Overwintered Gen. Sample || Bloom
Codling Moth Traps set out || Bloom
Petal fall (McIntosh) || 479 ± 42 || 252 ± 32 || 18-May ± 6 days
Lesser appleworm – 1st flight peak || 569 ± 205 || 313 ± 130 || 22-May ± 13 days
Plum curculio – 1st oviposition scars observed || 555 ± 77 || 286 ± 37 || 25-May ± 9 days
Pear psylla – hardshell stage observed || 569 ± 87 || 312 ± 51 || 22-May ± 9 days
Lesser peachtree borer – 1st adult catch || 570 ± 94 || 308 ± 59 || 24-May ± 8 days
San Jose scale – 1st flight peak || 644 ± 89 || 355 ± 58 || 29-May ± 8 days
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
Video: Apple Insect Targets and IPM Practices (including explanations of Degree Day calculations), https://youtu.be/NwyBAcvbpUs
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests
Virtual Orchard Scout Training webinar recording on the Cornell IPM YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtyOWCL1Q2A
Apple IPM Intensive Workshop playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoNb8lODb49vifrm9Tla4GmAVhlIL0527
Northeast Regional Climate Change Monthly Maps
https://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/regional/monthly/monthly.html
40 min - 5 May 2026 - Recent Weather Impacts on Pomes & Stones with Win Cowgill, Scab and Fire Blight Updates
Win Cowgill is an emeritus Rutgers Professor who currently owns his own consulting company called Win Enterprises where he consults on horticulture and pomology. And consults from New Jersey up to Maine. Kerik continues to talk about getting through extended/multiple apple scab infection periods, and the lack of fire blight risk in a cold bloom.
This week on Scaffolds, I talk to Win Cowgill an emeritus Rutgers professor about what is going on in the north east region with all of the freezes and some options for what to do if you have damage in both apple and peach, Kerik gives us an update on scab and fire blight management strategy, and Anna closes the episode with the state of the state update on phenology, degree days, and trap captures around the state.
LInk from Win Cowgill
MSU Critical Spring Temperatures for Tree Fruit Bud Development Stages https://www.canr.msu.edu/fruit/uploads/files/TreeFruitCriticalTemperatures.pdf
Historical Phenology and Average Degree Day Accumulation Base 43 (for reference)
- Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
- Pink (McIntosh) || 289 ± 26 || 3-May ± 7 days
- Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 10-May ± 6 days
- Petal fall (McIntosh) || 479 ± 42 || 18-May ± 6 days
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 – 5/4
Station || Stage || DD 43F || DD 43 Forecast Through 5/10 ||
Geneva (AgriTech North) || Early Bloom || 460 || 476
Highland (HVRL) || Petal Fall || 524 || 616
Clifton Park || Bloom || 421 || 494
Peru (Forrence) || Open Cluster || 284 || 346
Medina (Roberts) - Inland || Early Bloom || 420 || 464
Appleton North - Lake || Early Bloom || 310 || 346
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || Early Bloom || 447 || 491
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake || Early Bloom || 375 || 404
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
Upcoming Pest Events
Pest/Phenology Event || DD Base 43˚F || Approx. Date
---
Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 105 ± 19 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
Tarnished plant bug – 1st observed || 222 ± 105 || 105 ± 62 || 25-Apr ± 15 days
OBLR – 1st overwintered larvae observed || 236 ± 78 || 112 ± 48 || 29-Apr ± 7 days
Black stem borer – 1st adult catch || 283 ± 50 || 137 ± 40 || 6-May ± 3 days
European red mite – egg hatch observed || 284 ± 53 || 134 ± 34 || 6-May ± 4 days
---
Pink (McIntosh) || 289 ± 26 || 139 ± 21 || 3-May ± 7 days
OFM Traps set out || Pink
Oriental fruit moth – 1st adult catch || 229* ± 44* || 126 ± 33 || 2-May ± 8 days
RBLR – 1st flight peak || 303 ± 75 || 150 ± 48 || 4-May ± 9 days
STLM – 1st flight peak || 337 ± 71 || 168 ± 45 || 7-May ± 8 days
---
Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 192 ± 25 || 10-May ± 6 days
OBLR Overwintered Gen. Sample || Bloom
Codling Moth Traps set out || Bloom
Cold Temperature and Frost Risk
Picture Table of Critical Spring Temperatures for Tree Fruit Bud Development Stages https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/picture-table-critical-spring-temperatures-for-tree-fruit-bud-development-stages
Regional Weather Events page for NEWA weather stations, including a map of freeze events from 2024 and 2025. https://newa.cornell.edu/regional-weather-events/
Cornell Statewide Frost Protection webinar held on Friday April 12th recording now available online here: https://youtu.be/TIBEpfb98ws
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests
Virtual Orchard Scout Training webinar recording on the Cornell IPM YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtyOWCL1Q2A
48 min - 28 April 2026 - Bees in Orchards with Shianne Lindsay, Scab and Fireblight Updates
This week on Scaffolds, I talk to Shianne Linsday, a graduate student in Dr Scott McArt’s lab, about our cool weather’s impact on pollinators, Kerik talks about getting through extended/multiple apple scab infection periods, and the lack of fire blight risk in a cold early bloom, and Anna gives us our state of the state update on trap captures and degree day accumulation around the state.
State of the State show notes
Historical Phenology and Average Degree Day Accumulation Base 43 (for reference)
- Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
- Pink (McIntosh) || 289 ± 26 || 3-May ± 7 days
- Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 10-May ± 6 days
- Petal fall (McIntosh) || 479 ± 42 || 18-May ± 6 days
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 – 4/27
Station || Stage || DD 43F || DD 43 Forecast Through 5/3 ||
Geneva (AgriTech North) || Pink || 404 || 436
Highland (HVRL) || Full Bloom || 450 || 502
Clifton Park || Pink || 351 || 397
Peru (Forrence) || 1/2" Green || 220 || 267
Medina (Roberts) - Inland || Early Pink || 368 || 398
Appleton North - Lake || Early Pink || 255 || 279
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || Early Pink || 386 || 415
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake || Early Pink || 322 || 342
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
Upcoming Pest Events
Pest/Phenology Event || DD Base 43˚F || Approx. Date
STLM Traps set out || 1-Apr
Pear psylla – egg laying || 84 ± 44 || 33 ± 21 || 4-Apr ± 11 days
RBLR – 1st catch || 144 ± 32 || 60 ± 20 || 17-Apr ± 9 days
Rosy apple aphid – 1st nymphs present || 189 ± 55 || 86 ± 30 || 25-Apr ± 7 days
STLM – 1st adult catch || 168 ± 48 || 73 ± 28 || 20-Apr ± 9 days
STLM – 1st egg observed || 208 ± 65 || 94 ± 36 || 27-Apr ± 5 days
---
Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 105 ± 19 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
Tarnished plant bug – 1st observed || 222 ± 105 || 105 ± 62 || 25-Apr ± 15 days
OBLR – 1st overwintered larvae observed || 236 ± 78 || 112 ± 48 || 29-Apr ± 7 days
Black stem borer – 1st adult catch || 283 ± 50 || 137 ± 40 || 6-May ± 3 days
European red mite – egg hatch observed || 284 ± 53 || 134 ± 34 || 6-May ± 4 days
---
Pink (McIntosh) || 289 ± 26 || 139 ± 21 || 3-May ± 7 days
OFM Traps set out || Pink
Oriental fruit moth – 1st adult catch || 229* ± 44* || 126 ± 33 || 2-May ± 8 days
RBLR – 1st flight peak || 303 ± 75 || 150 ± 48 || 4-May ± 9 days
STLM – 1st flight peak || 337 ± 71 || 168 ± 45 || 7-May ± 8 days
---
Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 192 ± 25 || 10-May ± 6 days
OBLR Overwintered Gen. Sample || Bloom
Codling Moth Traps set out || Bloom
Cold Temperature and Frost Risk
Picture Table of Critical Spring Temperatures for Tree Fruit Bud Development Stages https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/picture-table-critical-spring-temperatures-for-tree-fruit-bud-development-stages
Regional Weather Events page for NEWA weather stations, including a map of freeze events from 2024 and 2025. https://newa.cornell.edu/regional-weather-events/
Cornell Statewide Frost Protection webinar held on Friday April 12th recording now available online here: https://youtu.be/TIBEpfb98ws
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
Video: Apple Insect Targets and IPM Practices (including explanations of Degree Day calculations), https://youtu.be/NwyBAcvbpUs
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests
Virtual Orchard Scout Training webinar recording on the Cornell IPM YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtyOWCL1Q2A
Apple IPM Intensive Workshop playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoNb8lODb49vifrm9Tla4GmAVhlIL0527
Northeast Regional Climate Change Monthly Maps
https://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/regional/monthly/monthly.html
45 min - 21 April 2026 - Talking Freeze Events with Dr. Jason Londo, Scab Updates and Fire Blight Beginnings
This week on scaffolds, I talk to Dr. Jason Londo about the freeze event we just had, Kerik talks scab risk and the first fire blight insight of the season, and anna gives us the state of the state update on degree day accumulations and phenology progress across the state.
State of the State Show Notes
Historical Phenology and Average Degree Day Accumulation Base 43 (for reference)
- Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
- Pink (McIntosh) || 289 ± 26 || 3-May ± 7 days
- Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 10-May ± 6 days
- Petal fall (McIntosh) || 479 ± 42 || 18-May ± 6 days
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 – 4/20
Station || Stage || DD 43F || DD 43 Forecast Through 4/26 ||
Geneva (AgriTech North) || Pink || 349 || 392
Highland (HVRL) || King Bloom || 394 || 438
Clifton Park || Pink || 299 || 334
Peru (Forrence) || 1/2" Green || 175 || 199
Medina (Roberts) - Inland || Tight Cluster || 313 || 352
Appleton North - Lake || Tight Cluster || 220 || 241
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || Tight Cluster || 330 || 364
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake || Tight Cluster || 281 || 295
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
Upcoming Pest Events
Pest/Phenology Event || DD Base 43˚F || Approx. Date
STLM Traps set out || 1-Apr
Pear psylla – egg laying || 84 ± 44 || 33 ± 21 || 4-Apr ± 11 days
RBLR – 1st catch || 144 ± 32 || 60 ± 20 || 17-Apr ± 9 days
Rosy apple aphid – 1st nymphs present || 189 ± 55 || 86 ± 30 || 25-Apr ± 7 days
STLM – 1st adult catch || 168 ± 48 || 73 ± 28 || 20-Apr ± 9 days
STLM – 1st egg observed || 208 ± 65 || 94 ± 36 || 27-Apr ± 5 days
---
Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 105 ± 19 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
Tarnished plant bug – 1st observed || 222 ± 105 || 105 ± 62 || 25-Apr ± 15 days
OBLR – 1st overwintered larvae observed || 236 ± 78 || 112 ± 48 || 29-Apr ± 7 days
Black stem borer – 1st adult catch || 283 ± 50 || 137 ± 40 || 6-May ± 3 days
European red mite – egg hatch observed || 284 ± 53 || 134 ± 34 || 6-May ± 4 days
---
Pink (McIntosh) || 289 ± 26 || 139 ± 21 || 3-May ± 7 days
OFM Traps set out || Pink
Oriental fruit moth – 1st adult catch || 229* ± 44* || 126 ± 33 || 2-May ± 8 days
RBLR – 1st flight peak || 303 ± 75 || 150 ± 48 || 4-May ± 9 days
STLM – 1st flight peak || 337 ± 71 || 168 ± 45 || 7-May ± 8 days
---
Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 192 ± 25 || 10-May ± 6 days
OBLR Overwintered Gen. Sample || Bloom
Codling Moth Traps set out || Bloom
Cold Temperature and Frost Risk
Picture Table of Critical Spring Temperatures for Tree Fruit Bud Development Stages https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/picture-table-critical-spring-temperatures-for-tree-fruit-bud-development-stages
Regional Weather Events page for NEWA weather stations, including a map of freeze events from 2024 and 2025. https://newa.cornell.edu/regional-weather-events/
Cornell Statewide Frost Protection webinar held on Friday April 12th recording now available online here: https://youtu.be/TIBEpfb98ws
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
Video: Apple Insect Targets and IPM Practices (including explanations of Degree Day calculations), https://youtu.be/NwyBAcvbpUs
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests
Virtual Orchard Scout Training webinar recording on the Cornell IPM YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtyOWCL1Q2A
Apple IPM Intensive Workshop playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoNb8lODb49vifrm9Tla4GmAVhlIL0527
Northeast Regional Climate Change Monthly Maps
https://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/regional/monthly/monthly.html
58 min - 14 April 2026 - Reminders for Early Season, Higher Risk for Apple Scab
This week on Scaffolds, I give some reminders to think about as the season starts, Kerik talks scab predictions, and Anna gives us our weekly state of the state update on degree day accumulations around the state.
Kerik: Apple Scab Disease forecast predictions for New York as of 4-12-26: There’s a lot of variability for Apple Scab risk across the regions. Eastern NY and the capital district have an easy week with few wetting periods and low levels of ejection. The lake champlain region may not all be at green tip. Western NY and the fingerlakes have accelerated apple scab maturity and prolonged wetting periods that span the week with high risk. In this region, the average temperatures during wetting periods are low 60s and could lead to many infections.
State of the State
Historical Phenology and Average Degree Day Accumulation Base 43 (for reference)
- Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
- Pink (McIntosh) || 289 ± 26 || 3-May ± 7 days
- Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 10-May ± 6 days
- Petal fall (McIntosh) || 479 ± 42 || 18-May ± 6 days
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 – 4/13
Station || Stage || DD 43F || DD 43 Forecast Through 4/19 ||
Geneva || 1/2" green || 249 || 364
Highland (HVRL) || tight cluster || 257 || 404
Clifton Park || green tip || 178 || 301
Peru (Forrence) || first green || 114 || 193
Medina (Roberts) - Inland || 1/2" green || 214 || 306
Appleton North - Lake || 1/2" green || 148 || 207
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || 1/2" green || 235 || 334
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake || 1/2" green || 180 || 254
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
Upcoming Pest Events
Pest/Phenology Event || DD Base 43˚F || Approx. Date
STLM Traps set out || 1-Apr
Pear psylla – egg laying || 84 ± 44 || 33 ± 21 || 4-Apr ± 11 days
RBLR – 1st catch || 144 ± 32 || 60 ± 20 || 17-Apr ± 9 days
Rosy apple aphid – 1st nymphs present || 189 ± 55 || 86 ± 30 || 25-Apr ± 7 days
STLM – 1st adult catch || 168 ± 48 || 73 ± 28 || 20-Apr ± 9 days
STLM – 1st egg observed || 208 ± 65 || 94 ± 36 || 27-Apr ± 5 days
---
Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 105 ± 19 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
Tarnished plant bug – 1st observed || 222 ± 105 || 105 ± 62 || 25-Apr ± 15 days
OBLR – 1st overwintered larvae observed || 236 ± 78 || 112 ± 48 || 29-Apr ± 7 days
Black stem borer – 1st adult catch || 283 ± 50 || 137 ± 40 || 6-May ± 3 days
European red mite – egg hatch observed || 284 ± 53 || 134 ± 34 || 6-May ± 4 days
---
Pink (McIntosh) || 289 ± 26 || 139 ± 21 || 3-May ± 7 days
OFM Traps set out || Pink
Oriental fruit moth – 1st adult catch || 229* ± 44* || 126 ± 33 || 2-May ± 8 days
RBLR – 1st flight peak || 303 ± 75 || 150 ± 48 || 4-May ± 9 days
STLM – 1st flight peak || 337 ± 71 || 168 ± 45 || 7-May ± 8 days
---
Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 192 ± 25 || 10-May ± 6 days
OBLR Overwintered Gen. Sample || Bloom
Codling Moth Traps set out || Bloom
Cold Temperature and Frost Risk
Picture Table of Critical Spring Temperatures for Tree Fruit Bud Development Stages https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/picture-table-critical-spring-temperatures-for-tree-fruit-bud-development-stages
Regional Weather Events page for NEWA weather stations, including a map of freeze events on 4/25 and 26. https://newa.cornell.edu/regional-weather-events/
Cornell Statewide Frost Protection webinar held on Friday April 12th recording now available online here: https://youtu.be/TIBEpfb98ws
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
Video: Apple Insect Targets and IPM Practices (including explanations of Degree Day calculations), https://youtu.be/NwyBAcvbpUs
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests
32 min - 7 April 2026 - Talking Woolly Apple Aphids with Dr. Robert Orpet, More Scab Predictions
This week on scaffolds, I talk to Dr. Robert Orpet of Oregon State University, one of the few people in the US who has worked extensively on woolly apple aphid but in Washington state, about woolly apple aphid, Kerik gives us more scab forecasting, and anna gives us the state of the state update with a review of scouting, degree day accumulations and reminders for the very quick start to the season happening in the Hudson Valley.
Cox - Apple Scab Disease forecast predictions for New York as of 4-5-26 - Too cold for apple scab infections - refresh coverage as needed.
State of the State Show Notes
Historical Phenology and Average Degree Day Accumulation Base 43 (for reference)
- Silver Tip (McIntosh) || 58-106
- Green Tip (McIntosh) || 99-144
- Half Inch Green (McIntosh) || 150-201
- Tight Cluster (McIntosh) || 206-257
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 – 4/6
Station || Stage || DD 43F || DD 50F ||
Geneva || green tip || 175 || 90
Highland (HVRL) || 1/2" to early TC || 203 || 108
Clifton Park || first green || 136 || 67
Peru (Forrence) || silver tip || 84 || 34
Medina (Roberts) - Inland || first green || 161 || 76
Appleton North - Lake || first green || 118 || 55
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || first green || 181 || 91
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake || first green || 147 || 72
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
Upcoming Pest Events
Pest/Phenology Event || DD Base 43˚F || Approx. Date
STLM Traps set out || 1-Apr
Pear psylla – egg laying || 84 ± 44 || 33 ± 21 || 4-Apr ± 11 days
RBLR – 1st catch || 144 ± 32 || 60 ± 20 || 17-Apr ± 9 days
Rosy apple aphid – 1st nymphs present || 189 ± 55 || 86 ± 30 || 25-Apr ± 7 days
STLM – 1st adult catch || 168 ± 48 || 73 ± 28 || 20-Apr ± 9 days
STLM – 1st egg observed || 208 ± 65 || 94 ± 36 || 27-Apr ± 5 days
---
Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 105 ± 19 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
Tarnished plant bug – 1st observed || 222 ± 105 || 105 ± 62 || 25-Apr ± 15 days
OBLR – 1st overwintered larvae observed || 236 ± 78 || 112 ± 48 || 29-Apr ± 7 days
Black stem borer – 1st adult catch || 283 ± 50 || 137 ± 40 || 6-May ± 3 days
European red mite – egg hatch observed || 284 ± 53 || 134 ± 34 || 6-May ± 4 days
Cold Temperature and Frost Risk
Picture Table of Critical Spring Temperatures for Tree Fruit Bud Development Stages https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/picture-table-critical-spring-temperatures-for-tree-fruit-bud-development-stages
Regional Weather Events page for NEWA weather stations, including a map of freeze events on 4/25 and 26. https://newa.cornell.edu/regional-weather-events/
Cornell Statewide Frost Protection webinar held on Friday April 12th recording now available online here: https://youtu.be/TIBEpfb98ws
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
Video: Apple Insect Targets and IPM Practices (including explanations of Degree Day calculations), https://youtu.be/NwyBAcvbpUs
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests
Virtual Orchard Scout Training webinar recording on the Cornell IPM YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtyOWCL1Q2A
Apple IPM Intensive Workshop playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoNb8lODb49vifrm9Tla4GmAVhlIL0527
Northeast Regional Climate Change Monthly Maps
https://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/regional/monthly/monthly.html
NEWA Help Desk Frequently Asked Questions and Table of Contents. https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/categories/16994462926231-NEWA-Network-for-Environment-and-Weather-Applications
https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/sections/17011505301783-Apple-Insect-Disease-and-Crop-Management-Forecasts
43 min - 31 March 2026 - Season 4 Begins! Winter meetings, Scab predictions, and Degree Day Accumulations
State of the State
Historical Phenology and Average Degree Day Accumulation Base 43
Silver Tip (McIntosh) || 58-106
Green Tip (McIntosh) || 99-144
Half Inch Green (McIntosh) || 150-201
Tight Cluster (McIntosh) || 206-257
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 - 3/30
Station || Stage || DD 43F ||
Geneva (AgriTech North) || silver tip || 114 ||
Highland (HVRL) || early green || 138 ||
Clifton Park || silver tip || 93 ||
Peru (Forrence) || dormant || 65 ||
Medina - Inland || silver tip || 107 ||
Appleton North - Lake || silver tip || 88 ||
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || silver tip || 120 ||
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake || silver tip || 99 ||
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
Upcoming Pest Events
Pest/Phenology Event || DD Base 43˚F || Approx. Date
STLM Traps set out || 1-Apr
Pear psylla – egg laying || 84 ± 44 || 33 ± 21 || 4-Apr ± 11 days
RBLR – 1st catch || 144 ± 32 || 60 ± 20 || 17-Apr ± 9 days
Rosy apple aphid – 1st nymphs present || 189 ± 55 || 86 ± 30 || 25-Apr ± 7 days
STLM – 1st adult catch || 168 ± 48 || 73 ± 28 || 20-Apr ± 9 days
STLM – 1st egg observed || 208 ± 65 || 94 ± 36 || 27-Apr ± 5 days
---
Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 105 ± 19 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
Tarnished plant bug – 1st observed || 222 ± 105 || 105 ± 62 || 25-Apr ± 15 days
OBLR – 1st overwintered larvae observed || 236 ± 78 || 112 ± 48 || 29-Apr ± 7 days
Black stem borer – 1st adult catch || 283 ± 50 || 137 ± 40 || 6-May ± 3 days
European red mite – egg hatch observed || 284 ± 53 || 134 ± 34 || 6-May ± 4 days
—
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
Video: Apple Insect Targets and IPM Practices (including explanations of Degree Day calculations), https://youtu.be/NwyBAcvbpUs
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests
Virtual Orchard Scout Training webinar recording on the Cornell IPM YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtyOWCL1Q2A
Apple IPM Intensive Workshop playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoNb8lODb49vifrm9Tla4GmAVhlIL0527
Northeast Regional Climate Change Monthly Maps
https://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/regional/monthly/monthly.html
NEWA Help Desk Frequently Asked Questions and Table of Contents. https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/categories/16994462926231-NEWA-Network-for-Environment-and-Weather-Applications
59 min
About Scaffolds
From the publisher's feed
We release weekly episodes relevant to apple growers for twenty weeks from Late March to Mid August. Dr. Monique Rivera covers entomology pest management topics. Dr. Kerik Cox covers disease forecasting and apple pathology. Dr. Anna Wallis presents a weekly "state of the state" update including degree days, phenology, and insect pest captures.
Hosts: Monique Rivera, Kerik Cox, Anna Wallis
Post-Production: Monique Rivera, Kelsey Tobin
Executive Producer: Monique Rivera
Graphic Design: Iron Design
Music: Sebastian Robertson