Monstrous cephalopods of legend!

As mentioned in the episode, copy and paste these URLs to see the Kraken's real-world cousins in action!

First living giant squid ever photographed in its natural habitat!
http://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2013/01/08/exp-early-ellis-giant-squid.cnn

A recent video of a giant squid in the Gulf of Mexico!
http://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2019/06/22/giant-squid-orig.cnn

A rare surface encounter with a giant squid in Toyama Bay, Japan!
http://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2015/dec/30/rare-giant-squid-encounter-toyama-bay-japan-video

Visit Scholar Minor at http://www.ursaminorcreations.com!

Overhead forest photo by Spencer Watson via Unsplash.
Book spine photo by Annie Spratt via Unsplash.

Music: "Wonderland" by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Bibliography:

“An Essay on the Credibility of the Existence of the Kraken, Sea Serpent, and Other Sea Monsters.” United Kingdom: W. Tegg & Company, 1849.

Bassett, Fletcher S. Sea Phantoms: Or, Legends and Superstitions of the Sea and of Sailors. United States: Morrill, Higgins & Company, 1892.

Encyclopaedia Metropolitana: Insufficient- Mashy. United Kingdom: B. Fellowes, 1845.

Hann, Michael. "A monster from the depths of our imagination." The Guardian. March 1, 2006. Accessed March 1, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2006/mar/02/g2

"Monographic Revision of the Cephalopods of the Atlantic Coast, from Cape Hatteras to Newfoundland." Report of the Commissioner for 1879, Part VII. United States: Bureau of Fisheries, 1882. 

Salvador, Rodrigo B. and Barbara M. Tomotani. "The Kraken: when myth encounters science." Historia, Ciencias, Saude - Manguinhos. V. 21, N. 3. Rio de Janeiro: 2014. 

Salvador, Rodrigo B. "Kraken: The real-life origins of the legendary sea monster." The Independent. January 4, 2016. Accessed March 1, 2021. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/kraken-real-life-origins-legendary-sea-monster-a6796241.html

Verrill, Alpheus Hyatt. The Ocean and Its Mysteries. United States: Duffield & Company, 1917.

Verne, Jules. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. United States: Butler Brothers, 1887.

The strange and sorrowful life of a Gothic horror legend.

Visit Scholar Minor at http://www.ursaminorcreations.com!

Overhead forest photo by Spencer Watson via Unsplash.
Book spine photo by Annie Spratt via Unsplash.

Music: "Wonderland" by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Bibliography:

Bondurant, Agnes M. Poe's Richmond. The Poe Museum. Accessed on February 22, 2021. https://www.poemuseum.org/poe-in-richmond

The Collected Letters of Edgar Allan Poe, Volume I: 1824-1846. Edited by John Ward Ostrom, Burton R. Pollin, and Jeffrey A. Savoye. New York: The Gordian Press, 2008.

Complete Poems of Edgar Allan Poe. Edited by Louis Untermeyer. Norwalk, Connecticut: The Heritage Press, 1971.

"Huffman's Study of the Eighteenth Century Novel." Reviewed by Atcheson L. Hench. The Alumni Bulletin of the University of Virginia, Volume 16. United States: University of Virginia Press, 1923.

The Last Letters of Edgar Allan Poe to Sarah Helen Whitman. Edited by James A. Harrison. New York & London: The Knickerbocker Press, 1909.

Poe, Edgar Allan. Edgar Allan Poe's Annotated Poems. United States: Bottletree Books, LLC, 2008.

Taylor-White, Alyson L. Shockoe Hill Cemetery: A Richmond Landmark History. United States: History Press, 2017.

Our first little adventure into the lore of this mythical king!


Overhead forest photo by Spencer Watson via Unsplash.
Book spine photo by Annie Spratt via Unsplash.

Music: "Wonderland" by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Bibliography:

Arthur: A Short Sketch of His Life and History in English Verse of the First Half of the Fifteenth Century. United Kingdom: Early English Text Society, 1869. 

The Editors of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. "King Arthur." Encyclopaedia Britannica. July 10, 2020. Accessed February 15, 2021. britannica.com/topic/King-Arthur

The Editors of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Nennius." Encyclopaedia Britannica. March 6, 2013. Accessed February 15, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nennius#ref165538

Golgowski, Nina. "Girl Pulls Sword From Legendary Lake Of King Arthur's Excalibur." Huffington Post. September 5, 2017. Accessed February 15, 2021. www.huffpost.com/entry/sword-found-in-excalibur-lake_n_59ae946ee4b0b5e53100b997

Lozon, Emily. "Excalibur: Origins and Evolution." Hanover. Accessed February 15, 2021. https://vault.hanover.edu/~battles/arthur/excalibur

Malory, Thomas. Le Mort D’Arthur. Edited by John Rhys. United Kingdom: Dent, 1967. Available to read for free through Google Books!

Mark, Joshua J. "Excalibur." Ancient History Encyclopedia. May 17, 217. Access February 1, 2021. https://www.ancient.eu/Excalibur/

Rise, Brian Edward. "Excalibur." Encyclopedia Mythica. September 6, 1998. Accessed February 15, 2021. https://pantheon.org/articles/e/excalibur.html

"Was King Arthur a real person?" History.com. August 29, 2018. Accessed February 15, 2021. https://www.history.com/news/was-king-arthur-a-real-person

Wight, Ed. "The sword in the stone: Archaeologists discover medieval weapon dubbed 'Excalibur' embedded in rock at bottom of Bosnian lake." Daily Mail. October 2, 2019. Accessed February 15, 2021. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7605165/Archaeologists-discover-medieval-weapon-dubbed-Excalibur.html

Three Greek myths of tragic love.


Overhead forest photo by Spencer Watson via Unsplash.
Book spine photo by Annie Spratt via Unsplash.

Music: "Forest Walk" by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Bibliography:

Boeckmann, Catherine. "Growing Hyacinth and Muscari." The Old Farmer's Almanac. Accessed February 7, 2021. https://www.almanac.com/plant/growing-hyacinth-muscari#. 

Bulfinch, Thomas. Bulfinch's Mythology. Avenel Books: New York, 1979. 

Ovid. Metamorphoses. Translated by Charles Martin. W. W. Norton and Company: New York, 2004. 

Ryback, Ralph M.D. "All About Love." Psychology Today. February 14, 2017. Accessed February 7, 2021. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-truisms-wellness/201702/all-about-love. 

"Ursa Major Constellation" and "Ursa Minor Constellation. Constellation Guide. Accessed February 7, 2021. https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/. 

Introductory Quotations: 

Before Orpheus and Eurydice - William Shakespeare

Before Apollo and Hyacinthus - Ovid

Before Callisto and Arcas - J. R. Lowell

Organizing the natural world.

Check out the great sources mentioned in this episode using these links! Full citations are listed in the Bibliography.

Aberdeen Bestiary via University of Aberdeen. https://www.abdn.ac.uk/bestiary/

The Ashmole Bestiary via Digital Bodleian. https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/faeff7fb-f8a7-44b5-95ed-cff9a9ffd198/surfaces/bb83ca90-bbe4-45e8-be56-36a649d4cacf/

Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia via Tufts University. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:latinLit:phi0978.phi001.perseus-eng1:1.dedication

Aristotle's Historia Animalium via Internet Classics Archive (MIT). Accessed January 29, 2021. http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/history_anim.1.i.html

Overhead forest photo by Spencer Watson via Unsplash.
Book spine photo by Annie Spratt via Unsplash.

Music: "Wonderland" by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Bibliography:

Aberdeen Bestiary. University of Aberdeen. Accessed February 1, 2021. https://www.abdn.ac.uk/bestiary/.

Aristotle. The History of Animals. Translated by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson. The Internet Classics Archive. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Accessed January 29, 2021. http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/history_anim.1.i.html. 

"Burgerbibliothek Bern, Codex Bongarsianus 318 (The Bern Physiologus)". Manuscript: Codex Bongarsianus 318. The Medieval Bestiary. January 15, 2011. Accessed January 29, 2021. http://bestiary.ca/manuscripts/manu1345.htm. 

Cynewulf. The Old English Elene, Phœnix, and Physiologus. United Kingdom: Yale University Press, 1919.

"Differences Between Parchment, Vellum and Paper". National Archives. August 15, 2016. Accessed January 29, 2021. https://www.archives.gov/preservation/formats/paper-vellum.html. 

The Editor of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Bestiary". Encyclopaedia Britannica. April 18, 2013. Accessed February 1, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/art/bestiary-medieval-literary-genre. 

Mark, Joshua J. "Illuminated Manuscripts". Ancient History Encyclopedia. March 6, 2018. Accessed January 29, 2021. https://www.ancient.eu/Illuminated_Manuscripts/.

"MS. Ashmole 1511". Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries. Accessed February 1, 2021. https://medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/manuscript_290.

Pliny the Elder. The Natural History. Translated and edited by John Bostoke, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A., Ed. 1855. Perseus Digital Library. Tufts University. Accessed January 29, 2021. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:latinLit:phi0978.phi001.perseus-eng1:1.dedication.

Ross, Dr. Nancy. "The Bestiary". Khan Academy. Accessed February 1, 2021. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/medieval-world/judaism-christianity-in-art/christianity-art/a/the-bestiary.

Sancti Ephiphanii Ad Physiologum. Christopher Plantin Antwerp: 1588. University of Victoria, McPherson Library. Accessed February 1, 2021. http://spcoll.library.uvic.ca/Digit/physiologum/index.html.

Woodruff, Helen. "The Physiologus of Bern: A Survival of Alexandrian Style in a Ninth Century Manuscript." The Art Bulletin 12, no. 3 (1930): 226-53. Accessed January 31, 2021.

Stormy nights and spectral frights!

Overhead forest photo by Spencer Watson via Unsplash.
Book spine photo by Annie Spratt via Unsplash.

Music: "Wonderland" by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Bibliography:

Basford, Trish. "The Wild Hunt: Furious Hosts & Shadow Processions". Hurstwic. January 10, 2018. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lf38nz5e79g. 

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Herne the Hunter". Encyclopaedia Britannica. May 14, 2007. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Herne-the-Hunter.

Guerber, H. A. Myths of the Norsemen from the Eddas and Sagas. London: George G. Harrap & Company, 1908. 

Hardwick, Charles. Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-Lore. Manchester: A. Ireland & Company, 1872. 

Henderson, William. Notes on the Folk-lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders. London: Longman, Green, and Company, 1866. 

Littell's Living Age. Edited by Eliakim Littell. Boston: Littell and Company, 1880. 

Mellenthin, Jessica and Susan O. Shapiro. Mythology Unbound: An Online Textbook for Classical Mythology. Accessed January 25, 2021.https://press.rebus.community/mythologyunbound/chapter/three-types-of-myth/. 

The Poetical Works of Sir Walter Scott. Edited by J. G. Lockhart. Edinburgh: Robert Cadell, 1841. 

"What causes the sound of thunder?" Library of Congress. Accessed on January 25, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/meteorology-climatology/item/what-causes-the-sound-of-thunder/#:~:text=Answer,path%20of%20a%20lightning%20bolt.&text=However%2C%20the%20grumbles%20and%20growls,air%20surrounding%20the%20lightning%20bolt.

Rapping and tapping and knocking, oh my! 



Overhead forest photo by Spencer Watson via Unsplash.
Book spine photo by Annie Spratt via Unsplash.

Music: "Wonderland" by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Bibliography:

Abbott, Karen. "The Fox Sisters and the Rap on Spiritualism." Smithsonian Magazine. October 30, 2012. Accessed January 12, 2021. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-fox-sisters-and-the-rap-on-spiritualism-99663697/.

Battenfield, Ann, Dana Robinson, and Kevin Martinez. "The Worst Outbreaks in U.S. History." Healthline. March 24, 2020. Accessed January 12, 2021. https://www.healthline.com/health/worst-disease-outbreaks-history

Braude, Ann. Radical Spirits. Second Edition. Indiana University Press: 1989.

Derbyshire, David. "The Psychology of Spiritualism: Science and Seances." The Guardian. October 19, 2013. Accessed January 12, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/oct/20/seances-and-science.

Haines, Michael R. "The Urban Mortality Transition in the United States, 1800-1940." In Annales de démographie historique, Vol. 1, No 101. Cairn.info: 2001.

Houghton, Georgiana. Evenings at Home in Spiritual Seance. Trubner & Companyd: Ludgate Hill, 1881.

McCarthy, Erin. "Silencing the Dead: The Decline of Spiritualism." The Atlantic. October 23, 2012. Accessed January 12, 2021. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/10/silencing-the-dead-the-decline-of-spiritualism/264005/

Murray, John F. "A Century of Tuberculosis." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. ATS Journals. February 1, 2004. Accessed January 12, 2021. https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200402-140OE#:~:text=Even%20though%20mortality%20from%20tuberculosis,influenza%E2%80%93pneumonia%20(12).
https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality-in-the-past

Pimple, Kenneth D. "Ghosts, Spirits, and Scholars: The Origins of Modern Spiritualism." In Out of the Ordinary, edited by Barbara Walker. Utah State University Press: Utah, 1995.

Randall, J.H. "Materialization of Spirits". Common Sense, No. 1. San Francisco: May 16th, 1874.

Roberts, Vivienne. “Georgiana Houghton Biography.” Georgiana Houghton. 2020. Accessed January 11, 2021. http://georgianahoughton.com/biography/

Rodriguez McRobbie, Linda. "The Strange and Mysterious History of the Ouija Board." Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian: October 27, 2013. Accessed January 12, 2021. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-strange-and-mysterious-history-of-the-ouija-board-5860627/. 

Time to talk about trees!

Overhead forest photo by Spencer Watson via Unsplash.
Book spine photo by Annie Spratt via Unsplash.

Music: "Wonderland" by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Bibliography:

Allies, Jabez. The British, Roman, and Saxon Antiquities and Folklore of Worcestershire. United Kingdom: J.R. Smith, 1856.

American Journal of Pharmacy. United States: Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, 1904.

The Editors of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Oak.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. March 27, 2019. Accessed December 24, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/plant/oak

The Editors of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Ash.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. January 27, 2020. Accessed December 24, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/plant/ash-tree

The Editors of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. “May Day.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. March 1, 2020. Accessed December 27, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/topic/May-Day-European-seasonal-holiday

Encyclopedia of Superstitions, Folklore, and the Occult Sciences of the World: A Comprehensive Library of Human Belief and Practice in the Mysteries of Life. United States: J. H. Yewdale & sons Company, 1903.

Evans-Wentz, Walter Yeeling. The Fairy-faith in Celtic Countries. United Kingdom: H. Frowde, 1911.

Folkard, Richard. Plant Lore, Legends, and Lyrics: Embracing the Myths, Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore of the Plant Kingdom. United Kingdom: S. Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1884.

Moore, A.W. The Folk-Lore of the Isle of Man. London, 1891.

Oliver, Mary. Upstream. United States: Penguin Random House, 2016.

Rhys, John. Celtic Folklore: Welsh and Manx. United Kingdom: Clarendon Press, 1901.

Hooray, first episode! Hope you enjoy! An introduction to some half-animal lasses of the deep, recommended for a wintry and blustery evening.




Overhead forest photo by Spencer Watson via Unsplash.
Book spine photo by Annie Spratt via Unsplash.

Music: "Wonderland" by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Bibliography:

Caswell, John Edwards. “Henry Hudson.” In Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2020. Accessed December 16, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Hudson.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Siren.” Encylopaedia Britannica. 2020. Accessed December 17, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Siren-Greek-mythology.

Gammon, Vic. "Music, Charm, and Seduction in British Traditional Songs and Ballads." In The Flowering Thorn: International Ballad Studies, edited by McKean Thomas A., 35-54. Logan, Utah: University Press of Colorado, 2003. Accessed December 17, 2020. doi:10.2307/j.ctt46nrm0.6.

Gould, Warwick. "Yeats and the Flying Dutchman." Yeats Annual, no. 20 (2016): 263-86. Accessed December 17, 2020. http://www.jstor.org/stable/90000770.

Hallen, Arthur Washington Cornelius and John Horne Stevenson. The Scottish Antiquary: or Northern Notes and Queries. Edinburgh: W. Green and Sons, 1893.

Halloran, William F. "1890." In The Life and Letters of William Sharp and “Fiona Macleod": VOLUME I: 1855–1894, 267-316. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2018. Accessed December 17, 2020. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv8d5t68.10.

Hanssen, Levi. "Kopakonan - The Seal Woman," FAROEISLANDS.FO, May 23 2018. Accessed December 17, 2020. https://www.faroeislands.fo/the-big-picture/news/k%C3%B3pakonan-the-seal-woman/.

Homer. Book XII. In The Odyssey. Translated by Samuel Butler. Accessed December 17, 2020.

McCorristine, Shane. "Toward No Earthly Pole: Otherworldly Quests for a Northwest Passage." In Spectral Arctic: A History of Dreams and Ghosts in Polar Exploration, 19-51. London: UCL Press, 2018. Accessed December 17, 2020. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvqhsrj.5.

Pottinger, J.A. “The Selkie Wife.” In Old-lore Miscellany of Orkney, Shetland, Caitness and Sutherland. Edited by Alfred W. Johnston and Amy Johnston. United Kingdom: Viking Club, 1907.