It's Mars vs Venus! In this planetary battle, we wonder why there's so much Martian exploration going on, when it's not the closest planet to Earth. Are we neglecting Venus? Tyler gives us the run down.

Sci Club Pod is created by Tyler Sudholz, Sabrina Wilson and John Lavery. Audio editing by Tyler Sudholz.

Contact us: Twitter, Instagram and TikTok @SciClubPod or email [email protected]

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TYLER'S REFERENCES:

Brown, D., Why Is NASA Neglecting Venus?. Accessed from https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/01/venus-lost-generation/513479/ on 11/21/21.

Dunn, M., Three robotic spacecraft set to arrive at Mars this month. Accessed from https://www.smh.com.au/world/north-america/three-robotic-spacecraft-set-to-arrive-at-mars-this-month-20210208-p570ea.html on 11/02/21.

Garvin, J., Venus: Forgotten Sister Planet or Our Next Frontier?. Accessed from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t03o3T9zXQ8 on 11/02/21.

Howell, E., Here's every successful Venus mission humanity has ever launched. Accessed from https://www.space.com/venus-mission-success-history on 11/02/21.

Lenntech, Chemical elements listed by melting point. Accessed from https://www.lenntech.com/periodic-chart-elements/melting-point.htm on 14/02/21.

NASA, Earth Fact Sheet. Accessed from https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html on 13/02/21.

NASA, Mars 2020 Fact Sheet. Accessed from https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Fact_Sheet.pdf on 11/02/21.

NASA, Venus Fact Sheet. Accessed from https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/venusfact.html on 13/02/21.

NPR Short Wave, Let's Go Back to Venus!. Audio and Transcript accessed from https://www.npr.org/transcripts/938471910 on 11/02/21.

Redd, N. T., Perseverance: NASA's Mars 2020 rover. Accessed from https://www.space.com/perseverance-mars-2020-rover.html on 11/02/21.

Rehm, J., Hope Mars Mission: Launching the Arab World into the Space Race. Accessed from https://www.space.com/hope-emirates-mars-mission.html on 11/02/21.

Ryan, J., NASA's Perseverance, China's Tianwen-1 and UAE's Hope arrive at Mars this month. Accessed from https://www.cnet.com/how-to/nasas-perseverance-chinas-tianwen-1-and-uaes-hope-arrive-at-mars-this-month/ on...

Mad cow disease! Cause we're feeling a little cRaZy!!!

Join John, Sabrina, Tyler, and the ghost of John's apartment as John tells us about prions, Mad Cow Disease, the eighties and Stranger Things! Mad Cow Disease, or vCJD, ravaged the UK in the late 80s/90s. What happened? Where did it go? Is it coming back? Tune in to find out!

Sci Club Pod is created by John Lavery, Tyler Sudholz and Sabrina Wilson. This episode's report and audio editing were by John Lavery.

Contact us: Twitter, Instagram and TikTok @SciClubPod or email [email protected]

References:

Subviral particles: viroids and prions | Cells | MCAT | Khan Academy (YouTube)

Stanley Prusiner: 'A Nobel prize doesn't wipe the scepticism away' (The Guardian)

Stanley B. Prusiner Facts (The Nobel Prize website)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) (Betterhealth.vic.gov.au)

Fact Sheet - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) (inspectio.gc.ca)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Fact Sheet (ninds.nih.gov)

BSE Disaster: The History (NewScience)

Many more people could still die from mad cow disease in the UK (New Scientist)

More information about donating blood if you have lived in the UK (Australian Red Cross Lifeblood)

Sabrina tells us about chess, how maths plays its part in games, and whether there's any way to be able to win at chess every time you play.

Sci Club Pod is created by Sabrina Wilson, John Lavery and Tyler Sudholz. Audio editing by Tyler Sudholz.

This podcast was recorded on Woiwurrung Country.

Contact us: Twitter, Instagram and TikTok @SciClubPod or email [email protected]

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SABRINA'S REFERENCES:

Queens Gambit opening: https://www.chess.com/openings/Queens-Gambit

Mandlebrot Set: https://mathworld.wolfram.com/MandelbrotSet.html

Collatz Conjecture (aka 3n+1 problem)

https://mathworld.wolfram.com/CollatzProblem.html

Creed Bratton chess master (The Office) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2UEFxMQz-E

Game Theory https://www.britannica.com/science/game-theory

Hannah Fry on Rock Paper Scissors strategy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rudzYPHuewc&t=272s

Hannah Fry on the game theory of relationships https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkOIw7vAZCQ

New Scientist Obituary for Checkers https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12296-checkers-solved-after-years-of-number-crunching/?ignored=irrelevant

Chinook http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~chinook/play/

HJ Bremmermann on the solution to chess

https://web.archive.org/web/20010527190358/http://www.aeiveos.com/~bradbury/Authors/Computing/Bremermann-HJ/QNaI.html

Jonathan Schaeffer on the solution to chess

https://web.archive.org/web/20090325220009/http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/print/5379

Martin Gardner, "The Colossal Book of Mathematics: Classic Puzzles, Paradoxes and Problems" (2001)

Tic Tac Toe on the sphere and other topology games: http://www.geometrygames.org/

Why do bikes stay up when you're riding them? Tyler shares the answers.

Sci Club Pod is created by Tyler Sudholz, Sabrina Wilson and John Lavery. Audio editing by Tyler Sudholz.

This podcast was recorded on Woiwurrung Country.

Contact us: Twitter, Instagram and TikTok @SciClubPod or email [email protected]

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TYLER'S REFERENCES:

Bergland, C., The Wacky Neuroscience of Forgetting How to Ride a Bicycle, 23 May 2015. Accessed from https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/the-athletes-way/201505/the-wacky-neuroscience-forgetting-how-ride-bicycle on 2 January 2021

Busca, N., Your bike's secret to staying upright is actually a mystery, 19 October 2016. Accessed from https://www.bikeradar.com/features/your-bikes-secret-to-staying-upright-is-actually-a-mystery/ on 31 December 2020

Hunt, H. Opinion: How does a bike stay upright? Surprisingly, it's all in the mind, 24 May 2016. Accessed from https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/discussion/opinion-how-does-a-bike-stay-upright-surprisingly-its-all-in-the-mind/ on 31 December 2020

Hyperphysics, Bicycle Wheel, Turning a Bicycle, and If you lean left, you turn left. Accessed from http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Mechanics/bicycle.html on 1 January 2021

Hyperphysics, Centrifugal Force. Accessed from http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/corf.html#cent on 1 January 2021

Hyperphysics, Angular Momentum. Accessed from http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/amom.html on 31 December 2020

Kooijman, J. D. G., et al, A Bicycle Can Be Self-Stable Without Gyroscopic or Caster Effects. Science 332, 339 (2011), DOI: 10.1126/science.1201959

Schwab, A., Why bicycles do not fall: Arend Schwab at TEDxDelft. Uploaded 12 December 2012. Accessed from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Y4mbT3ozcA on 31 December 2020

Sheppard, A., The Physics of the Riderless Bicycle, 22 April 2011. Accessed from https://www.popularmechanics.com/adventure/sports/a6602/physics-of-a-riderless-bike/ on 31 December 2020

SmarterEveryDay, The Backwards Brain Bicycle - Smarter Every Day 133, Uploaded 24 April 2015. Accessed from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFzDaBzBlL0 on 31 December 2020

Suchan, B., Why Don't We Forget How to Ride a Bike?, 15 November 2018. Accessed from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-dont-we-forget-how-to-ride-a-bike/ o...

John tells us about smallpox.

Contact us: Instagram, Twitter and TikTok @SciClubPod or email [email protected]

Sci Club Podcast is created by John Lavery, Sabrina Wilson, and Tyler Sudholz.

This podcast was recorded on Woiwurrung Country.

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JOHN'S REFERENCES:

•History of Vaccines - Killing Smallpox, Extra History

•How we conquered the deadly smallpox virus, Simona Zompi

•How an African slave in Boston Helped Save Generations from Smallpox, History Channel

•Was Sydney's smallpox outbreak of 1789 an act of biological against Aboriginal tribes?, Chris Warren, ABC

•Smallpox, WHO

•Should remaining remaining stockpiles of smallpox virus (variola) be destroyed?, Raymond S Weinstein

•Diagnosis and Management of Smallpox, Joel G. Breman and D.A. Henderson

•Smallpox Disease Stages, Coastal Carolina Research Centre

•Transmission potential of smallpox in contemporary populations, Raymond Gani and Steve Leacher

•Forgotten vials of smallpox found in cardboard box in Bethesda storage room, Terence Mulcahy and Mike Stobb

•Just 2 labs in the world house smallpox. The one in Russia just had an explosion, Jeanna Bryner

Sabrina brings us a bio of physicist CS Wu, one of the most prominent physicists of the 20th century. We also go into the physics behind why our universe is slightly left handed.

Contact us: Twitter and Instagram @SciClubPod or email [email protected]

Sci Club Podcast is created by Sabrina Wilson, Tyler Sudholz and John Lavery. Audio editing also by Tyler Sudholz.

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SABRINA'S REFERENCES:

https://massivesci.com/articles/meet-the-first-lady-of-physics-queen-of-nuclear-research-and-destroyer-of-natural-laws/

https://xkcd.com/2364/

https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/2364:_Parity_Conservation

https://scientificwomen.net/women/wu-chien-shiung-94

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physics-experiment/app1.html

https://gizmodo.com/madame-wu-and-the-holiday-experiment-that-changed-physi-1749319896

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/channeling-ada-lovelace-chien-shiung-wu-courageous-hero-of-physics/

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chien-Shiung-Wu

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/parity.html

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Forces/funfor.html

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Particles/quark.html

Women In Science: 50 fearless Pinioneers who changed the world by Rachel Ignotofsky

Tyler takes us to the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, which this fortnight was announced to be demolished after nearly 60 years of science. Tyler takes us through some of the discoveries that the telescope has made over the years, as well as some facts about the observatory itself.

Contact us: Twitter and Instagram @SciClubPod or email [email protected]

Sci Club Podcast is created by Tyler Sudholz, John Lavery and Sabrina Wilson. Audio editing also by Tyler Sudholz.

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TYLER'S REFERENCES:

ABC News, Arecibo Observatory telescope to be closed down after suffering damage from falling support cables. 20 November 2020. Accessed from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-20/arecibo-telescope-to-get-dismantled/12903878 on 22 November 2020.

Arecibo Observatory, National Science Foundation, LEGACY DISCOVERIES. Accessed from http://www.naic.edu/ao/legacy-discoveries on 22 November 2020.

Arecibo Observatory, National Science Foundation, TELESCOPE DESCRIPTION. Accessed from http://www.naic.edu/ao/telescope-description on 22 November 2020.

Cornell Chronicle, Some facts (and a little history) about Arecibo. 19 June 1997. Accessed from https://news.cornell.edu/stories/1997/06/some-facts-and-little-history-about-arecibo on 23 November 2020.

Drake, N., Iconic radio telescope in Puerto Rico to be demolished. 19 November 2020. Accessed from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/11/historic-radio-telescope-in-puerto-rico-to-be-demolished/ on 22 November 2020.

Dyce, B. R., Pettengill, G. H., and Shapiro, I. I., Radar determination of the rotations of Venus and Mercury, The Astronomical Journal, vol. 72, p. 351, 1967. doi:10.1086/110231.

Harwood, W., Iconic Arecibo Observatory radio telescope faces demolition after cable failures. 19 November 2020. Accessed from https://www.cbsnews.com/news/arecibo-observatory-puerto-rico-demolition/ on 22 November 2020.

Mathews, J. D., A short history of geophysical radar at Arecibo Observatory, Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 4, 19-33, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-4-19-2013.

Nobel Media AB 2020, NobelPrize.org, The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993. Accessed from https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1993/summary/ on 23 November 2020.

Steele, B., It's the 25th anniversary of Earth's first attempt to phone E.T., Cornell Chronicle. 12 November 1999. Accessed from https://news.cornell.edu/stories/1999/11/25th-anniversary-first-attempt-phone-et-0 on 23 November 2020.

Witze, A. Legendary Arecibo telescope will close forever - scientists are reeling. 19 November 2020. Accessed from...

John tells us a bit about diatoms. What are they? Where are they? Why are they?

Oh and we also get a little into some topics which aren't diatoms.

Contact us: Twitter and Instagram @SciClubPod or email [email protected]

Sci Club Podcast is created by John Lavery, Sabrina Wilson, and Tyler Sudholz. Audio editing by Tyler Sudholz.

This episode was recorded on November 15, 2020

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JOHN'S REFERENCES:

Dolan JR. Unmasking "The Eldest Son of The Father of Protozoology": Charles King. Protist. 2019;170(4):374-84.

https://www.britannica.com/science/diatom

https://websites.rbge.org.uk/algae/diatoms_introduction1.html

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200706113941.html

https://www.thecoast.net.nz/news/entertainment/pete-evans-reveals-his-crippling-condition/

https://calpoison.org/news/amnesic-shellfish-poisoning#:~:text=Patients%20with%20toxicity%20from%20domoic,over%20the%20next%2048%20hours.

http://thedishonscience.stanford.edu/posts/the-birds-revisited/