Science of Military Strategy - 2020

Chapter 25 - Construction and Development of Reserve Forces 
Section 1 Reserve Force Construction and Development Trends 
Section 2 Reserve Force Capability Requirements under New Era Conditions 
Section 3 Main Measures for Reserve Force Construction and Development

Reserve forces refer to forces that make necessary preparations in peacetime and can directly participate in
and support wars after being mobilized in wartime. They mainly include reserve forces, militias, pre-
commissioned forces and other personnel registered for reserve service. The building of reserve forces is an
important part of national defense construction, and is a basic and strategic project to consolidate national
defense. At present, our country is in a critical period of the new journey of comprehensively building
socialist modernization. The modernization of national defense and the armed forces has entered a new
stage of development, and higher requirements have been placed on the quality and effectiveness of the
reserve forces. Further strengthening the building of reserve forces is of great significance for
comprehensively preparing for military conflicts, enhancing the overall power of national defense, effectively
responding to multiple security threats, and ensuring the country's long-term stability, prosperity and
development.

Section One: Reserve Force Construction and Development Trend
There have been changes in [China’s] security situation and the pattern of warfare. While making strategic
adjustments and advancing military transformations, countries around the world have also adjusted the
guidelines and principles of reserve force construction accordingly. They generally pursue appropriate scale,
reasonable structure, well-equipped, and well-trained, capable of responding to calls at any time and quickly.
Responding to and completing a variety of tasks at home and abroad has made the construction of
contemporary reserve forces present a new development trend.

Copyright 2026 Luis Ayala

Chapter 24 - Construction and Development of Armed Police Forces

Section 1 The Construction and Development Trend of the Armed Police Forces
Section 2 The Capability Requirements of the Armed Police Forces under the New Era Conditions
Section 3 Main Measures for the Construction and Development of the Armed Police Forces

The Chinese People’s Armed Police Force is abbreviated as the Armed Police Force. It is an important part
of the national armed forces. It shoulders major responsibilities in maintaining national security and social
stability and defending the people’s good lives. It has an important role in maintaining political security,
especially regime security, and institutional security. The armed police force is under the centralized and
unified leadership of the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission. Under the conditions
of the new era, the construction and development of the Armed Police Force will fully implement Xi Jinping’s
thinking on strengthening the military, accelerate the integration of the entire military’s joint operations
system, accelerate the establishment of a new pattern of military-local coordination and linkage, and strive to
build a powerful modern armed police force.

Section One: The Construction and Development Trend of the Armed Police Force
Entering the new era, in accordance with the strategic requirements of “multi-functional integration, stability
and rights maintenance,” the armed police force has vigorously strengthened security on duty, handling
emergencies and maintaining stability, counter-terrorism operations, air support, maritime rights protection
and administrative law enforcement, emergency rescue, and defense operations capabilities. The force on
duty, mobile force, special warfare, air force, and maritime force are the mainstays, supplemented by
intelligence reconnaissance, information interconnection, unmanned operations, network and power
confrontation and other forces, and the modern armed police force supported by the network information
system is constantly improving the core capabilities of maintaining stability and rights.

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Copyright 2026 Luis Ayala

Chapter 23 - Construction and Development of Joint Logistics Support Forces

Section 1 Joint Logistics Support Force Construction and Development Trend 
Section 2 Joint Logistics Support Force Capability Requirements Under the New Era Conditions
Section 3 Major Measures for the Construction and Development of Joint Logistics Support Forces

Joint logistics support force construction is an important component of military force building, and improving
the joint logistics support capability is an inevitable requirement for winning the war. In the context of the
continuous development of the world's new military revolution and the continuous evolution of war patterns,
strengthening the construction and development of joint logistics support forces is a common issue faced by
the armed forces of all countries in the world.

Section One: Joint Logistics Support Force Construction and Development Trend

For the joint logistics support of the armed forces of the world's major countries, different joint logistics
systems such as headquarters joint logistics, military joint logistics, and regional joint logistics have been
adopted, and different forms of joint logistics support agencies and support troops have been formed. For
example, the U.S. military adopts a support system that combines headquarters joint logistics and service
joint logistics. In peacetime, various support agencies under the Ministry of National Defense implement joint
logistics support. In wartime, a certain service is used to organize joint logistics support in a war zone. From
a long-term perspective, joint logistics support is a common trend of military support in various countries,
which is mainly manifested in the following aspects.

Copyright 2026 - Luis Ayala

Chapter 22 - Construction and Development of Cyberspace Forces

Section 1 Cyberspace Power Construction and Development Trends 
Section 2 Cyberspace Capability Requirements Under the New Era Conditions 
Section 3 Main Measures for the Construction and Development of Cyberspace Forces

Cyberspace has become a new space for military conflict, and cyberspace power, as a new combat force
that adapts to the transformation of war patterns, has become an important part of the country's military
power. Cyberspace power construction includes the construction and development of cyber warfare forces,
command systems, means and resources, military strategy theory, institutional mechanisms, and related
laws.

Section One: Cyberspace Power Construction and Development Trend
From the perspective of the development trend of the military of various countries, as a new type of military
force, the construction of cyberspace power has become a priority area of military competition. Under the
principles of demand-driven, technologically promoted, offensive and defensive, people-oriented,
coordinated development, and focus on efficiency, it shows a development trend that is closely related to the
development of traditional space power and has unique characteristics.

1. Towards a critical combat force
The development of cyberspace power has gone through three stages. The first stage is to provide
information support for traditional operations. The main business is to use cyberspace, and the core is to
operate and maintain the C4ISRK system to maintain uninterrupted, high-efficiency and high-quality network
information interaction. During this period, the various U.S. military services established computer
emergency response centers, which became the prototype of cyberspace forces. The second stage is to
deal with the general confrontation of cybercrime and hacker attacks. During this period, the construction of
networked military in major countries in the world has become common practice.

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Copyright 2026 Luis Ayala

Chapter 21 - Military Space Force Construction and Development

Section 1 Military Space Force Construction and Development Trend 
Section 2 Military Space Capability Requirements Under New Era Conditions 
Section 3 Main Measures for the Construction and Development of Military
Space Forces

The construction of military aerospace forces began in the early stages of the Cold War, and developed
rapidly in the middle and late stages of the Cold War. After the end of the Cold War, military space forces
played an important role in local wars. At present, the world's military and aerospace forces have entered a
new round of accelerated development. The relevant countries continue to increase their investment in the
military and aerospace fields and accelerate the pace of military and aerospace capabilities. The competition
in the military and aerospace fields is becoming increasingly fierce. In future information warfare, the
battlefield is likely to unfold in the air and space first. Military and aerospace powers rely on space
superiority to obtain global mobility, global situational awareness, global offense and defense, and multi-
dimensional space control capabilities, which will greatly affect and restrict traditional military activities.
Space will become an increasingly important battlefield, and military aerospace forces will become a pivotal
strategic force.

Section One: Military Space Force Construction and Development Trend
Military aerospace activities have developed along with human exploration of space, following the general
laws of national defense and army building and military conflict, from simple to complex, from low to
advanced, and evolving to a high-level and high-stage that adapts to the situation, tasks and environmental
changes.

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Copyright 2026 - Luis Ayala

Chapter 20 - Rocket Force Construction and Development

Section 1 Rocket Force Construction and Development Trend 
Section 2 Rocket Force Capability Requirements under New Era Conditions 
Section 3 Main Measures for Rocket Force Construction and Development

The Rocket Force is a strategic service that uses ground-launched missile weapon systems to perform
combat missions. It has multiple combat capabilities such as strategic nuclear counterattack and medium-
and long-range conventional precision strikes. It is the core force of China's strategic deterrence and the
strategic support of China's status as a major power. An important cornerstone for maintaining national
security. In the historical process of safeguarding national sovereignty and security, and realizing the great
rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it has always played a crucial role. Under the conditions of the new era,
the construction and development of the rocket force faces both opportunities and challenges. It must adapt
to the development of the world's strategic situation and the needs of national security strategies, and in
accordance with the strategic requirements of both nuclear and conventional and global deterrence,
accelerate the promotion of informatization transformation and rely on science and technology. Progress
promotes independent innovation of weapons and equipment, enhances the safety, reliability, and
effectiveness of missile weapons, improves the nuclear and permanent force system, and strives to build a
modern rocket force that is commensurate with China's status as a major country and commensurate with
the mission and mission requirements of the military in the new era.

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Copyright 2026 - Luis Ayala

Chapter 19 - Air Force Construction and Development

Section 1 Air Force Construction and Development Trends 
Section 2 Air Force Capability Requirements under New Era Conditions 
Section 3 Main Measures for Air Force Construction and Development

The air force is an important part of the country's armed forces. Under modern conditions, with the
widespread use of high-tech with information and intelligent technology as the core in the aerospace field,
aerospace threats have become a serious challenge to national security, and the construction and
development of the air force has become increasingly prominent in the armed forces. The construction and
development of the Air Force should conform to the development trend of the times, follow the strategic
requirements of air and space integration, offensive and defensive, clarify the overall development thinking,
take practical and effective strategic measures, and continuously enhance the air force's ability to contain
and win informatized warfare.

Section One: Air Force Construction and Development Trend

The continuous and in-depth development of the new military revolution, the rapid changes in the overall
level of aviation and air defense weapon systems, and the increasingly close combination of air and space,
have continuously injected new vitality into air force construction and presented new development trends.

1. Stealth weapons will become the main battle equipment of the Air Force
The Air Force is a high-tech service with aircraft as its main combat equipment. The development of its main
combat equipment has always been a core project in the construction of the Air Force. Since the birth of the
Air Force, the main battle equipment has been continuously developed with the development of technology.
It has experienced high-speed, high-altitude, high-mobility, and long-range, heavy-load development
periods, and is currently developing rapidly towards stealth. Stealth technology originated in the early 1970s
and was first applied to aviation technical equipment.

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Copyright 2026 - Luis Ayala

Chapter 18 - Navy Construction and Development 

Section 1 Naval Construction and Development Trend
Section 2 Naval Capability Requirements Under New Era Conditions
Section 3 Main Measures for Naval Construction and Development

The navy is an important part of the country's armed forces and has a very important position in the overall
situation of national security and development. After more than 70 years of development, the Navy has
grown from nothing, from small to large, from weak to strong, and from near seas to far seas. The
international military has become a modern maritime combat force that can effectively defend national
sovereignty, security, and development interests, and effectively complete diversified military tasks. Under
the conditions of the new era, the strategic environment and main tasks faced by the navy have undergone
major changes. How to build a powerful navy commensurate with the country’s status and fulfilling its
missions has become a major strategic issue that needs to be resolved urgently. Xi Jinping emphatically
pointed out: "On the journey of the new era, in the struggle to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese
nation, the task of building a powerful People’s Navy has never been so urgent as it is today." The
strategic capabilities of the navy under the conditions of informatization and intelligence will accelerate the
modernization of the navy.

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Copyright 2026 - Luis Ayala

Chapter 17 - Army Construction and Development 

Section 1 Army Construction and Development Trend 
Section 2 Army Capability Requirements under New Era Conditions 
Section 3 Main Measures for Army Construction and Development

With the accelerated evolution of warfare, the land battlefield has been injected with many new elements
and new connotations. Revolutionary changes are taking place in the way of land warfare. The development
of the army is facing both new opportunities and severe challenges. Facing the new situation and new
challenges, we must actively adapt to the profound changes in the army's construction mode and application
methods in the era of informatization and intelligence, and in accordance with the strategic requirements of
mobile operations and three-dimensional offensive and defense, further promote the lean, diversified, and
modular development pace, and accelerate realizing the transformation from a regional defense type to a
global combat type, and strive to build a powerful modern new army.

Section One: Army Construction and Development Trend

Since entering the 21st century, major countries in the world have increased their investment, vigorously
develop army weapon systems with information technology and intelligent technology as the core,
accelerate the restructuring of the army force and military theory innovation, build digital battlefields and
intelligent forces, and vigorously promote Army construction and transformation with informatization and
intelligentization as the main feature.

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Copyright 2026 - Luis Ayala

Chapter 16 Strategic Guidance for Military Force Construction and Development 

Section 1 Basic Law of Military Power Construction and Development 
Section 2 Military Force Construction and Development under New Era Conditions 
Section 3 Building a New Military Power System

Military power is the collective name of various powers possessed by a country or political group in the
military field, including military power and military potential, referred to as military power. Military power is
the existing military power of a country or political group. China's military forces mainly include the active
and reserve forces of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the armed police forces and the militia, as well
as military-related comprehensive forces in political, economic, technological, and cultural aspects. Military
potential is the potential power that can be used for military purposes by a country or political group through
mobilization. Generally, it refers to the human, material, financial, scientific and technological innovation
power and information power that can be mobilized for military purposes. Military force construction and
development, including the army, navy, air force, rocket force, strategic support force, joint logistics support
force, armed police force and reserve force, must be scientifically coordinated, strengthened management,
coordinated development, and comprehensively strengthen the construction of revolutionization,
modernization, and regularization.

Section One: Basic Laws of Military Force Construction and Development

The construction and development of military power have inherent and essential connections and inevitable
trends, and these connections and trends determine the direction, process and outcome of the development
of the contradictory movement of military power. Understanding and mastering the basic laws of military
force building and development is the basic requirement for actively guiding national defense and army
building and strengthening preparations for military conflict.

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Copyright 2026 - Luis Ayala