Science! With Friends

Dr. Lexi Walls is a biochemist, not a prophet—though, admittedly, it can sometimes be hard to tell the difference.

Six years ago, when Lexi started researching coronaviruses, they were an understudied and poorly understood class of viruses. When Lexi wrote about the “tremendous pandemic potential of coronaviruses” in December 2019, no one realized that the seeds of the COVID-19 pandemic had already been sown. When Lexi completed her doctoral dissertation that same month on the structure of coronavirus spike proteins, she couldn’t have imagined how large those spike proteins soon would loom in our public consciousness, and in our efforts to develop effective vaccines against COVID-19.

In this episode, Lexi joins Jocelyn and Bradley to share the surreal experience of doing “basic” research that turned out to have swift, profound, and far-reaching applications. She explains how the use of cryo-electron microscopy enabled her to characterize the structure of coronavirus spike proteins in great detail, and why this is so important for understanding how these viruses infect cells, how our immune system recognizes and responds to them, and how the emergence of variants could affect the course of the pandemic. She also explains the differences between mRNA vaccines and vector vaccines, as well as how these compare to more traditional types of vaccines. Finally, Lexi shares exciting news about a COVID vaccine she and her colleagues have developed using synthetic protein nanocages (!), and the friends discuss the future of pan-virus vaccines that might make us better prepared for the next pandemic.

Follow Lexi on Twitter @coronalexington, and learn more about her amazing work at the links below!
https://www.grad.uw.edu/lexi-walls/
https://scienceinseattle.com/2020/03/18/dr-lexi-walls-talks-coronaviruses-and-cryo-em/
https://youtu.be/e1YEyPX-Pqw
The Veesler Lab:
https://faculty.washington.edu/dveesler/
https://twitter.com/veeslerlab
Designed Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine:
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)31450-1

Further Reading:
“Multitude of coronavirus variants found in the US — but the threat is unclear” (Ewen Callaway, Nature): https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00564-4
“What Do Vaccine Efficacy Numbers Actually Mean?” (Carl Zimmer and Keith Collins, The New York Times): https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/03/03/science/vaccine-efficacy-coronavirus.html
“Here’s Why Johnson & Johnson’s Vaccine Only Requires One Dose” (Emily Mullin, Medium): https://coronavirus.medium.com/how-does-johnson-johnsons-vaccine-work-a17524d85edd
“Variant-proof vaccines — invest now for the next pandemic” (Dennis R. Burton and Eric J. Topol, Nature): https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00340-4

“Self-assembly: From Nanowaffles to Nanostructures!”: https://funsizephysics.com/from-nanowaffles-to-nanostructures/

“Forming Nanostructures: Froot Loops, Legos, and Self-assembly”:

Life: our planet is teeming with it. The staggering diversity of the biological world is visible everywhere, from tiny insects to sprawling trees, from orchids and corgis to mold and lemurs and banana slugs and oyster mushrooms and . . . you get the idea. But even the boundless wonder of the macroscopic world may pale in comparison to all the life we cannot see.

Jocelyn and Bradley are joined this week by Dr. Hannah Gavin, a veritable Willy Wonka of microbes, who introduces us to a vast, complex world of dazzling drama invisible to the naked eye but present all around us—and even within us. Hannah shares how being “professionally curious” led her to research questions at the intersection of microbiology, ecology, and human health. She discusses the far-reaching potential of the gut microbiome to impact our physiology; what differentiates “beneficial” bacteria from pathogens; and how microbes can perform valuable environmental services like digesting plastic. Along the way, she explains the differences between viruses and bacteria and bacteriophages (oh my!), and how viruses challenge our understanding of life itself. The friends also discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has opened new spaces for dialogue between scientists and non-scientists, creating opportunities for us to learn together about the sometimes terrifying, sometimes beautiful, always awe-inspiring power of the microbiological world.

Follow Hannah on Twitter @micro_cultured, and learn more about her amazing work at the links below!
Harvard’s Microbial Sciences Initiative: https://msi.harvard.edu/
SEA-PHAGES program: https://seaphages.org/
“World of Viruses” exhibit (Harvard Museums of Science and Culture): https://hmsc.harvard.edu/world-viruses
“A Fascinating World of Viruses” (Hannah on the HMSC Connects! podcast):https://hmscconnects.podbean.com/e/a-fascinating-world-of-viruses-with-microbiologist-hannah-gavin/
“The Deadliest Being on Planet Earth – The Bacteriophage” (Kurzgesagt): https://youtu.be/YI3tsmFsrOg
Related episodes:
Turkey, Stuffing, and Other Gastronomic Experiments (Soon Kiat Lau): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/24-soon-kiat-lau-turkey-stuffing-other-gastronomic/id1471423633?i=1000458033346

Our Soils, Ourselves (Yamina Pressler): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/39-yamina-pressler-our-soils-ourselves/id1471423633?i=1000469510259
Everyone Has Herpes (Lisa Poppe): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/8-lisa-poppe-everyone-has-herpes/id1471423633?i=1000446370166

We’re counting down to Darwin Day, and you’re all invited to the par-TAY!

This week, Jocelyn and Bradley celebrate the origin of Origin of Species author Charles Darwin with evolutionary geneticist and frequent (fruit) flier Dr. Kristi Montooth. Kristi regales us with tales of her work with model organism extraordinaire Drosophila, explaining why it’s hard to get some flies drunk, and why they owe their survival and ubiquity to the properties of their magical membranes. She also discusses the pivotal role the humble fruit fly played in the so-called “modern synthesis” of evolution and genetics that has yielded one of the most powerful and comprehensive explanatory frameworks in the history of science. More broadly, Kristi explains how the synthesis of many different types and sources of information is a hallmark of her work, and the friends discuss the chaotic, beautiful, joyously fractalesque nature of the living world and our attempts to understand it.

Follow Kristi on Twitter @narhol, and learn more about her amazing work at the links below!
https://biosci.unl.edu/kristi-montooth
http://montoothlab.unl.edu/
https://news.unl.edu/newsrooms/today/article/study-refutes-how-fruit-flies-developed-alcohol-tolerance/
“RIPping and RAPping at Berkeley” (David M. Rand, Genetics): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1205242/pdf/ge13241223.pdf
xkcd, “DNA”: https://xkcd.com/1605/
“What If (Almost) Every Gene Affects (Almost) Everything?” (Ed Yong, The Atlantic): https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/its-like-all-connected-man/530532/
Personalized Genetics Education Project: http://pged.org/
Lords of the Fly: Drosophila Genetics and the Experimental Life (Robert Kohler): https://www.amazon.com/Lords-Fly-Drosophila-Genetics-Experimental/dp/B00DT68BQ2
Related episodes:
"I have a theory"... do you, though‪? (Discussion): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/33-discussion-i-have-a-theory-do-you-though/id1471423633?i=1000465426271
That is How an Evolutionary Biologist D‪o (Matt Wilkins): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/32-matt-wilkins-that-is-how-an-evolutionary-biologist-do/id1471423633?i=1000464730144
Sweet Dreams Are Made of Bee‪s (Anna Tatarko): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/76-anna-tatarko-sweet-dreams-are-made-of-bees/id1471423633?i=1000506815152
Birds Spark Hop‪e (Scott V. Edwards): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/75-scott-v-edwards-birds-spark-hope/id1471423633?i=1000505997761
Wild Lif‪e (Carin Bondar):

Fruit flies in straightjackets. Bees at slumber parties. Climate change in Game of Thrones.

Everybody’s looking for something, and this episode has something for everyone!

A plant ecologist turned pollinator physiologist, Anna Tatarko tells Jocelyn and Bradley about the exciting methods she is using to study bee brains, and how this work is helping scientists to understand how bees smell, sleep, learn, dance, and possibly dream. In particular, she shares her research on how some pesticides interfere with bees’ olfactory processing, explaining how she hopes to extend her work to focus on the impact bees’ gut microbiomes may have on the health of bee populations. Whether you want to know what you can do to help preserve and protect pollinator populations or are just wondering what bees dream about, you’ll be buzzing about this episode.

Learn more about Anna’s amazing work at http://www.annatatarko.com/ and at the links below!
The Leonard Lab at University of Nevada, Reno: http://www.anneleonard.com/
“Bees aren't getting enough sleep, thanks to some common pesticides”: https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/21/europe/bee-sleep-pesticide-intl-scli-gbr-scn/index.html
“Bees learn while they sleep, and that means they might dream”: http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160621-do-bees-dream
“Bees understand the concept of zero” (Science): https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/06/bees-understand-concept-zero
“Fungus provides powerful medicine in fighting honey bee viruses”: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181004100044.htm
“A Mushroom Extract Might Save Bees From a Killer Virus”:
https://www.wired.com/story/a-mushroom-extract-might-save-bees-from-a-killer-virus/
Nerd Nite:
https://www.wired.com/story/a-mushroom-extract-might-save-bees-from-a-killer-virus/
Nerd Nite Lincoln: https://www.facebook.com/groups/nerdnitelincoln/
Nerd Nite Reno: https://www.instagram.com/nerdnitereno/?hl=en
Nebraska native plants: https://plantnebraska.org/plants/resources.html
Related episodes:
Bee Meets Girl (Bridget Gross): https://podcasts.apple.com/mt/podcast/18-bridget-gross-bee-meets-girl/id1471423633?i=1000453740563
Birds Spark Hope (Scott V. Edwards): https://podcasts.apple.com/mt/podcast/75-scott-v-edwards-birds-spark-hope/id1471423633?i=1000505997761
That is How an Evolutionary Biologist Do (Matt Wilkins): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/32-matt-wilkins-that-is-how-an-evolutionary-biologist-do/id1471423633?i=1000464730144

“Hope” is the thing with feathers -
That perches in the soul -
And sings the tune without the words -
And never stops - at all -

Emily Dickinson was clearly onto something when she penned these famous lines. Across countless generations, birds have captivated our imaginations with their incredible beauty, their staggering diversity, and their unique talents. For Dr. Scott Edwards, birds are fascinating organisms with a rich and complex evolutionary history, but they are also harbingers of hope at a moment when we sorely need it.

Scott joins Jocelyn and Bradley to discuss his work as an ornithologist, evolutionary biologist, and curator at Harvard’s Museum of Comparative Zoology. He explains how he uses a variety of techniques—even applying cutting-edge genomic analysis to specimens collected during the Lewis & Clark expedition!—to trace the evolution of new traits in birds. In addition, he shares stories of his cross-country bike trip inspired by #BlackBirdersWeek, and the friends discuss how the “tree of life” is not only a powerful metaphor for understanding evolutionary relationships but also for thinking about diversity, unity, the history of life and humanity’s place in it.

Follow Scott on Twitter at @ScottVEdwards1, and learn more about his amazing work at the links below!

https://edwards.oeb.harvard.edu/people/scott-v-edwards
https://www.iamascientist.info/scott-edwards
https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/scott-edwards
Scott’s bike journey across America:
https://www.audubon.org/news/meet-harvard-ornithology-professor-biking-across-country
https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2020/8/21/scott-edwards-bike-trip/
#BlackBirdersWeek:
https://www.audubon.org/news/black-birders-week-promotes-diversity-and-takes-racism-outdoors
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/black-birders-call-out-racism-say-nature-should-be-for-everyone/
https://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2020/06/i-cant-even-enjoy-blackbirdersweek-organizer-shares-her-struggles-black-scientist
Systemic Racism in Higher Education (Science letter): https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6510/1440.2
Harvard Dept. of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology: https://oeb.harvard.edu/
Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology: https://mcz.harvard.edu/
Where Song Began: Australia’s Birds and How They Changed the World: https://www.amazon.com/Where-Song-Began-Australias-Changed/dp/0300221665
Related episodes:
That is How an Evolutionary Biologist Do (Matt Wilkins):

What the hell just happened? What does it all mean? And where do we go from here?

If 2020 left you with a few lingering questions, you are not alone. Fortunately, London-based physician and filmmaker Dr. Nidhi Gupta is here to put it all in perspective. Nidhi tells Bradley and Jocelyn about her work on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, and she describes her own battle with the virus. She shares her journey from medicine into filmmaking, including the genesis and goals of her current documentary film project, Start. Stop. Repeat, in which she explores the causes, effects, and possible legacies of the COVID-19 pandemic. The friends discuss the “trust gap” science and scientists face at this critical inflection point in our history; whether film is a medium uniquely suited for scientists to connect with a broad audience; and whether and how COVID-19 might ultimately be galvanized as a force for positive social change.
(
NOTE: This episode was recorded in December 2020, prior to the latest surge and new COVID mutations were discovered in the United Kingdom.)

Follow Nidhi on Twitter at @busydoctor, and learn more about her amazing work at the links below!

Start. Stop. Repeat. https://greenlit.fund/project/start-stop-repeat
“Redbridge doctor creates trailblazing documentary inspired by her experience of Covid-19”: https://www.westessexlife.co.uk/people/stop-start-repeat-documentary-on-covid-19-1-6896877
Other podcasts featuring Nidhi:
Drunk Women Solving Crime: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/97-dr-nidhi-gupta-the-unfit-husband/id1425174819?i=1000483419641
The Other 50%: http://theotherfiftypercent.com/blog/ep-204nidhigupta
Femme Regard: https://www.radio.com/podcasts/femme-regard-podcast-29226/busy-doctor-bringing-the-documentary-realness-with-nidhi-gupta-315111874
Spanish flu: A warning from history: https://youtu.be/3x1aLAw_xkY
#hellomynameis campaign: https://www.hellomynameis.org.uk/
Related episodes:
Pandemic: A Letter from the Past (Gregg Mitman): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/40-gregg-mitman-pandemic-a-letter-from-the-past/id1471423633?i=1000470227078
The Deep Compassion of Mathematics (Discussion): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/41-discussion-the-deep-compassion-of-mathematics/id1471423633?i=1000470889290
We Are All Chimeras (Sam Illingworth): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/53-sam-illingworth-we-are-all-chimeras/id1471423633?i=1000484115050

C’mon, it’s lovely weather for a podcast together with you! In our fa-la-la-last episode of 2020, Jocelyn and Bradley are celebrating Sir Isaac Newton’s 378th birthday with some Newtonmas caroling and a rousing discussion of physicists’ favorite fetish . . . We are referring, of course, to unification. The hosts consider whether the desire for a singular “theory of everything” can be traced back to Newton’s work, which was the first to bring the terrestrial and celestial realms under the same set of physical laws. They discuss the ironic fact that gravity—the original unifying force in the cosmos—is now the major obstacle to achieving a single, unified theory in physics. Finally, they consider possible motivations behind the quest for unification, and they debate whether a single, overarching theory is possible or even desirable. But just because our theories aren’t unified doesn’t mean we can’t be! Snuggle up together like birds of a feather (virtually, of course) and enjoy this holiday musical extravaganza we made just for you, friends.

Bang! Math professors prove TV show theory about the number 73: https://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2019/05/bang-math-professors-prove-tv-show-theory-about-the-number-73
Lisa Randall “Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs”: https://www.amazon.com/Dark-Matter-Dinosaurs-Astounding-Interconnectedness-ebook/dp/B00T3CU1ZK/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1W10RU4YD4CAE&dchild=1&keywords=dark+matter+and+the+dinosaurs&qid=1608215352&s=digital-text&sprefix=Dark+Matter+and+th%2Cdigital-text%2C266&sr=1-1
The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00O0RKDBA/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i4
Sean Carroll’s From Eternity to Here: The Quest for the Ultimate Theory of Time https://www.amazon.com/Eternity-Here-Quest-Ultimate-Theory-ebook/dp/B002VXTAZ0/ref=sr_1_5?crid=3DVSU0TWOQ645&dchild=1&keywords=from+here+to+eternity&qid=1608213402&s=digital-text&sprefix=from+here+to+et%2Cdigital-text%2C262&sr=1-5
Katie Mack’s “The end of everything”: https://www.amazon.com/End-Everything-Astrophysically-Speaking-ebook/dp/B07Z41TTNK/ref=sr_1_2?dchild=1&keywords=Katie+Mack&qid=1608215393&s=digital-text&sr=1-2
Origins of Monotheism: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/monotheism/
Religion population per country: https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/religion-by-country
https://www.worldreligiondatabase.org/

Videos:
BigThink, Michio Kaku: The Theory of Everything: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hOGfwt0ERk
Fermilab, GUTs and TOES: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LGBo7dLgYk
Steve Weinberg - Toward the Unification of Physics | Interactive 2013 | SXSW: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSEXA5JueRU
Supersymmetry & Grand Unification: Lecture 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6srShxBCrk

Related episodes:
Here We Come...

When Dr. Stephon Alexander listens to the music of the cosmos, he hears structure, but also flexibility. He hears familiar cadences and novel riffs. He hears strings vibrating in ten-dimensional spacetime and resonating loops of quantum gravity. He hears Einstein’s musical mind and Coltrane’s cosmic sensibility. He hears the jazz of physics. And so will you.

In this episode, Stephon tells Jocelyn and Bradley how a journey wending through the dusty halls of old jazz clubs and the chalky floors of physics offices ultimately led him from Trinidad to the Bronx to Brown University. He shares how his experience as a jazz saxophonist has shaped his approach to physics, and how incorporating more elements from the improvisational, inclusive culture of jazz will benefit the future of physics. Along the way, he explains how he is working to integrate general relativity with quantum mechanics by uncovering the quantum nature of gravity, and the friends speculate that the answer may ultimately shed light on the origins of consciousness itself.

Follow Stephon on Twitter @stephstem, and learn more about his amazing work at the links below!

Secret Lives of Scientists on NOVA:
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/stephon-alexander-theoretical-physicist/

Big Think:
“Sources of Inspiration”: https://bigthink.com/videos/sources-of-inspiration
“Beyond Einstein”: https://bigthink.com/videos/beyond-einstein

The Jazz of Physics:
https://www.amazon.com/Jazz-Physics-Between-Structure-Universe/dp/0465034993

https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2016/06/11/481664722/scientist-stephon-alexander-infinite-possibilities-unite-jazz-and-physics

TEDx Talk San Diego: https://youtu.be/v9_ZzY99-6U

“Black Academics Have a Responsibility to the Next Generation” (New York Times editorial) : https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/02/04/do-black-intellectuals-need-to-talk-about-race/black-academics-have-a-responsibility-to-the-next-generation

Brown University:
https://vivo.brown.edu/display/salexan4
https://www.stephonalexanderlab.com/

Check out some of Stephon’s technical papers:
Brane Gases: https://journals.aps.org/prd/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevD.62.103509
Noncommutative inflation: https://journals.aps.org/prd/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevD.67.081301
Gravitational waves: https://journals.aps.org/prd/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevD.67.081301
Chern–Simons modified general relativity: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037015730900177X
Super strings and baryon asymmetry:

This episode is gonna get twisted, y’all.

Jocelyn and Bradley are joined by science sensation Dr. Carin Bondar, Biologist with a Twist, who regales us with weird, wonderful, twisted tales of the natural world! From the many talents of animal genitalia to the biological superpowers that make moms uniquely equipped to rule the world, Carin considers what humans can learn about ourselves by looking at the social lives of animals. The friends also discuss how anti-anthropomorphism—the assumption that nonhuman animals do not think and feel as humans do—is as baseless and potentially dangerous as viewing other animals through an excessively anthropomorphic lens. And Carin shares some of the surprising twists that made her journey from art into science so unique and rewarding, and how she has used social media to pioneer a whole new form of science communication.
Follow Carin on Twitter and Instagram @carinbondar, and learn more about her amazing work at https://carinbondar.com/ and at the links below!

Books:
Wild Sex: The Science Behind Mating in the Animal Kingdom: https://www.amazon.com/Wild-Sex-Science-Behind-Kingdom/dp/1681775107/
Wild Moms: Motherhood in the Animal Kingdom: https://www.amazon.com/Wild-Moms-Motherhood-Animal-Kingdom/dp/1681776650/
The Nature of Sex: The Ins and Outs of Mating in the Animal Kingdom: https://www.amazon.com/Nature-Sex-Mating-Animal-Kingdom/dp/1780229119/
The Nature of Human Nature: https://www.amazon.com/Nature-Human-Dr-Carin-Bondar/dp/0557457939/
YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/user/DrBondar
Carin’s TED talks:
“The birds and the bees are just the beginning”: https://youtu.be/N39x_WTPix0
“Motherhood in the Wild: Lessons on Evolution”: https://youtu.be/8VkNW5hQ8u0
Carin’s science song parodies:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dr1tglWEJeA&list=PLMemAikxmpoYLQlULj3_pNiy5nMs_OuRQ
“Evo Devo” (“Despacito” parody by A Cappella Science): https://youtu.be/ydqReeTV_vk
Outrageous Acts of Science: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2857312/
Related episodes:
Sex is Always Weirder Than We Can Imagine (Maurine Neiman): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/67-maurine-neiman-sex-is-always-weirder-than-we-can-imagine/id1471423633?i=1000497201747
The Musical Shape of Science (Tim Blais): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/61-tim-blais-the-musical-shape-of-science/id1471423633?i=1000492250770
This Episode is a Venn Diagram (discussion): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/45-discussion-this-episode-is-a-venn-diagram/id1471423633?i=1000473780846

If science is a kind of dance between humans and the universe, perhaps nowhere is the choreography more intricate and complex than when consciousness contemplates itself in the form of the human brain. Jocelyn and Bradley are joined this week by Grace Huckins—neuroscientist, philosopher, visionary—who invites us on a tour of the cosmos within. Grace discusses her Ph.D. research using fMRI and machine learning to develop a more dynamic understanding of the biological processes underlying mental illness, sharing how her approach uses brain scans to construct brain stories. The friends discuss the perils and pitfalls of research that seeks to locate sex and gender in the brain, arguing that a more fluid and nuanced understanding of socially constructed categories like gender, as well as diagnostic categories, will produce a more robust science of the human brain. Grace also reflects on her work with WIRED magazine as part of the American Association for the Advancement of Science’s Mass Media Fellowship program, sharing insights about how science communication improves both science and society.
Follow Grace on Twitter @grace_huckins, and learn more about her amazing work at the links below!
Grace on WIRED:
https://www.aaas.org/programs/mass-media-fellowship/grace-huckins
https://www.wired.com/author/grace-huckins/
AAAS Mass Media Fellowship program: https://www.aaas.org/programs/mass-media-fellowship
Rebecca M. Jordan-Young, Brain Storm: The Flaws in the Science of Sex Differences: https://www.amazon.com/Brain-Storm-Flaws-Science-Differences/dp/0674063511

Jocelyn’s review of Brain Storm: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43831457

Neurasthenia:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/death-of-neurasthenia-and-its-psychological-reincarnation/CBF3F9183ED6368E940BB0F0AB327482
Elaine Showalter, The Female Malady: https://www.amazon.com/Female-Malady-1890-1980-Showalter-1987-09-01/dp/B01FELG7JM/
Charlotte Perkins-Gilman, “The Yellow Wallpaper”: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/theliteratureofprescription/exhibitionAssets/digitalDocs/The-Yellow-Wall-Paper.pdf
Related episodes:
Fumbling Towards Empathy (John Kiat): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/56-john-kiat-fumbling-towards-empathy/id1471423633?i=1000486521259
A Neuromance of Many Dimensions (Melinda Smith): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/59-melinda-smith-a-neuromance-of-many-dimensions/id1471423633?i=1000489903116
Science is for Everyone (discussion): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/35-discussion-science-is-for-everyone/id1471423633?i=1000466778549
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