SEA: Space Exploration & Astronomy

What is the largest star, and where can it be found? For a few years now, it has been known as Stephenson 2-18, often claimed to boast a diameter more than 2,100 times our sun’s. But is this estimate really reliable? And if not, then what other giant stars may be lurking out there? These are the questions we will be aiming to answer as we wind back the clock in search of the real “largest star”. 

MUSIC: 

- Holographic Rain - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37aEn7yuChQ)

- Strange Visions (Giuseppe Rizzo)

- Endless Mist (Enzo Orefice)

- Dystopia - Instrumental (Efliz) 

- Nights of Darkness 01 - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwC9HZv7Zw0)

- Static Balance (Enzo Orefice)

- Agnus Dei (Michele Nobler)

- Light the Way (Enzo Orefice)

Artists: 

- Enzo Orefice: https://www.music-bay.net/artists/enzo-orefice/

- CO.AG’s music channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic

CHAPTERS: 

00:00: What is the Largest Star? 

01:48: It’s Not Stephenson 2-18 

05:20: Modern-day Contenders

11:30: Primordial Stars

15:47: Quasi-Stars 

18:11: MoM BH*-1: Webb’s New Black Hole Star 

22:28: A Source of Galactic Engines?

26:20: The REAL “Largest Star” 

Far beyond the reaches of the four rocky planets, we find our Solar System's showpiece worlds- the two gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. As the two largest planets, they both make tantalising targets for probes exploring the planetary neighbourhood, but both lie significantly further from the sun than the Earth and its terrestrial neighbours. But early in the 1970s, the technology for deep space voyages was primed, and missions to both Jupiter and Saturn ensued. Those missions make up the topic of our video today, in this second episode of our trilogy of Probes that Studied the Solar System.

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Welcome Back

01:52: The Gas Giants

04:11: When Planets Align

08:15: Pioneer 10's Journey to Jupiter

12:46: Pioneer 11's Jupiter Journey

15:10: Pioneer 11's Saturn Encounter

16:59: A Postcard from Humanity

18:46: The Galileo Spacecraft

24:27: Cassini-Huygens Spacecraft

29:11: Landing on Titan

32:14: Enceladus' Underground Ocean

33:55: Other Studies: Rings & Storms

36:52: Cassini's Grand Finale

38:38: Future Missions to the Gas Giants

42:33: To be Continued...

In 2012, the world’s most advanced science experiment uncovered the signature of the Higgs Boson, the so-called “God Particle” which gives particles their masses. The Higgs was the last of the Standard Model's particles to be verified experimentally. But far from closing the case, it instead opened a new frontier in physics that today embodies everything we still don’t know about nature’s smallest scales. And so in this video, we will wind back the clock more than half a century, to unravel the history and mysteries of the elusive Higgs Boson.

SOUNDTRACK:

- “Adega” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2faIhMd5GY)

- “Cold Constellations” - Enzo Orefice

- “No Eyes in the Fog” - Enzo Orefice

- “Creepy Dolls” - Efliz

- “Vanished Minds” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPQM8Twz5ec)

- “Orbiting Dreams” - Enzo Orefice

- “Sunrise” - Enzo Orefice

- “Parallel Dimensions” - Enzo Orefice

- “Hidden Presence” - Enzo Orefice

- “I Vanish When the Sun Awakens” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5fLFlAI0Fw)Artists:

- Enzo Orefice: https://www.music-bay.net/artists/enzo-orefice/

- CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic/videos

CHAPTERS:

00:00: The Standard Model

01:58: The Higgs Field

04:53: The Weak Force Problem

08:12: Early Particle Colliders

12:14: The Large Hadron Collider

14:04: Detecting the Higgs Particle

18:31: Sigma Significance

20:23: Discovery in 2012

23:26: Naturalness vs. Fine Tuning

27:01: Supersymmetry

29:54: Future Colliders

32:05: Vacuum Decay

Why does the universe choose life over silence? Why has its once inanimate matter and energy come alive on planet Earth? Is it chance? Fate? Or even, by design? It is this profound question that has plagued our conscious minds since the time of our earliest ancestors, and it is going to be the topic of our video today.

This video is my oldest idea, and I was planning for it as early as 2021. A massive thank you to the artist Semiquaver for composing the soundtrack that brought this vision to life.

SOUNDTRACK:

The soundtrack for this video was crafted by Semiquaver, an ambient music and soundscape artist who I'd been following for a while, and knew he was perfect for the job.

His channel can be found here:  @semiquaver16th  , where he regularly releases new soundscapes and compositions.

The full, 37 minute track will be available to listen to here: https://youtu.be/WQQhwggE6Bo

CHAPTERS:

0:00: What Does It Mean?

1:55: Cosmic Fine-Tuning

7:22: The Universe is Infinite

10:45: Parallel Universes

14:47: Design Hypothesis

18:56: Cosmic Consciousness

22:02: Boltzmann Brain

25:03: We Are Alone

28:30: Theory of Everything

Can we ever turn back the clock? On Earth, Time is rigid and immovable, but in space, it's practically the opposite. Out in the cosmos, time is another dimension alongside the three of space- but unlike in 3D space, there is only one way we seem to be able to move through time. The cause of this directionality, and so-called "Arrow of Time" through the cosmos, makes up the topic of our video today- the second part in a double header on the mysterious workings of Time.

SOUNDTRACK:

The first and last tracks in this video were composed by Semiquaver, an ambient soundscape music artist. He and I will be working on an original piece specially for the soundtrack to my final video of the year, so go and check him out before then: @semiquaver16th 

The other tracks were composed by CO.AG Music, my go-to-guy for such high quality pieces:  @co.agmusic 

"Why Me?" - Semiquaver: https://youtu.be/kfp-Qm99BTY?si=ZOUiOTxLgpkHgWhd

"Space is as Clear as Dreaming" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/FQ42GG9ReC4?si=ceWagFlaEY3qOiuH

"You Can Escape Everything in This Life Except Yourself" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/O58i-jHGYVs?si=mSBKH-WITwGaLV1z

"Old Tape Haunting Soundscape" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/LT_APDKFEjU?si=M7h8OTIyC5QtV0Px

"I Will Awaken When the Sun Sleeps" - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/IshEmQXBi7g?si=mzCVDnGXV28K0Tzp

CHAPTERS

00:00: Welcome Back...

01:56: The Fourth Dimension

06:28: Time Dilation

11:15: Forward Time Travel

12:42: General Relativity

15:00 Backwards Time Travel

18:38: The Second Law

21:49: Reverse Entropy

23:48: Out of Time

Tick. Tock. It's a sound you probably hear several times a day. Time dominates virtually every aspect of our lives, attuned to the rigid, unflinching regularity of Hours, Minutes and Seconds. The question how did our ancient ancestors figure out these units? Who came up with the concepts of timekeeping, like Minutes and Seconds, and why are there 60 of them, and not say, 100? The answers to such questions make up the topic of our video today- the first in a two-part series on the mysterious workings of Time.

Tick. Tock. It's a sound you probably hear several times a day. Time dominates virtually every aspect of our lives, attuned to the rigid, unflinching regularity of Hours, Minutes and Seconds. The question how did our ancient ancestors figure out these units? Who came up with the concepts of timekeeping, like Minutes and Seconds, and why are there 60 of them, and not say, 100? The answers to such questions make up the topic of our video today- the first in a two-part series on the mysterious workings of Time. This one was both a challenge and a privilege to work on, Part 2 will be released towards the end of the month and will be... different. Join my Discord Server: https://discord.com/invite/seaMerchandise: https://the-sea-store.creator-spring.comContent Disclaimer:All the content in this video was researched, written up, narrated and then put together by me (Sam). I do this as a full time job because I enjoy it. I do not use AI for any part of my creative process, and my voice is my personal property and not authorised to be replicated anywhere else. You can support the channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/sea_mediaPatrons get early access to new videos and sneak peeks, as well as ad-free access to existing episodes!SOUNDTRACK (In order of appearance):

“Hologram” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPFkyyslcb4)

“Lost in the Motions of Time” - The Turquoise Moon

“Do Not Enter: Horror Background” - The Turquoise Moon

“Eyes of Quartz & Obsidian” - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNULQQZJIMs)

“Calm Gratitude” - The Turquoise Moon

“Deep Meditation” - The Turquoise Moon

“Summer Evening Soundbath” - The Turquoise Moon

“An Ambient Dream” - The Turquoise Moon

CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Tick Tock

02:58: Ancient Timekeeping

05:15: Timekeeping in Ancient Egypt

10:03: Maths in Mesopotamia

15:22: Pars Minuta

17:08: Mechanical Clocks

20:39: Railway Time

22:41: Greenwich Meantime

23:51: Quartz Clocks

26:18: Atomic Clocks

Aliens. They already roam this planet, but not on its surface or in the skies. Rather, they lie at the crushing depths of the vast, sprawling oceans. And so in this episode, we'll be swapping the familiar frontier of space for that of the deep ocean, as we plunge into the abyss in search of Leviathans- massive, monstrous marine specimens that have stalked the high seas for almost half a billion years.

SOUNDTRACK:

Many of the tracks in this video were composed by CO.AG Music, my go-to-guy for such high quality pieces

"Someone Else's Problems" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQp7YuV-leM)

"Centeon Dreams" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_fyyuO5ZZE)

"Forbidden Apostle" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DB9ybYQoKu4)

"The Anunnaki Return" - Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)

"Choose Your Next Move" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abm56ceJi6Y)

"Ocean Breath" - Enzo Orefice (StoryBlocks Media)

"Echoes of the Unknown" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ir8r9k0L0HA)

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Aliens of the Deep

01:36: Leviathan Sea Serpents

06:04: Megalodon: The Megatooth Shark

09:32: Marine Reptiles

13:07: Prehistoric Whales

17:55: The Blue Whale: Largest Creature Ever

21:07: The Bloop: Larger than a Blue Whale?

23:46: Invertebrate Deep Sea Giants

28:12: Siphonophores

On the dark, secluded underside of our planet, we find its most alien continent, Antarctica. A frozen desert larger than Europe, lying atop a sheet containing more than 90% of the world’s ice. But buried beneath this frosty surface, lie fossils and relics from an age where Antarctica was wildly different- covered not by ice, but by forests of trees.

SOUNDTRACK:

"Black Star" - Lustmord

Song: https://lustmord.bandcamp.com/track/black-star

Artist: https://lustmord.bandcamp.com

“Frozen in Darkness, the Shadowed Halls Underscore” - CO.AG

‘Futuristic Alien Videogame Music” - StoryBlocks Media

“Incredulity” by Scott Buckley (Creative Commons 4.0 International License):

Song: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/incredulity/

Artist: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/

“Frozen City, Mysterious Fantasy Orchestra” - StoryBlocks Media

“If you love me” - CO.AG Musichttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jq1FJ_S73tg

“This Machine Managed to Trick Time” - CO.AG Musichttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxQtQJ8wiyQ

“Delay Time” - CO.AG Musichttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JVunbxm1MI

“Mysterious Darkness, Reveal Fear” - StoryBlocks Media
CHAPTERS:

00:00: The Seventh Continent

03:48: The Southern Ocean

05:55: The Great Ice Sheet

07:14: West Antarctica

09:21: East Antarctica

11:52: Gondwana: Antarctica’s Past

15:38: Ross Island

16:44: Race to the South Pole

19:34: Little America Bases

21:37: McMurdo Station

23:53: Alien Environments in Antarctica

28:36: The Doomsday Glacier

Long ago, the Earth's seven continents were assembled in a giant, sprawling supercontinent known as Pangea. You may've heard of it, but what is often less talked about is what came before. Our planet's current continental chunks have been smashing together and separating for over four billion years, and there have been more than a few "supercontinents" during that time. It is those lost lands that take the stage in this video, as we wind the clock back to the age of the Supercontinents before Pangea.

BACKGROUND MUSIC: (In order of appearance)

- Meanwhile | Scott Buckley: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/meanwhile/

- Ambient Cave | Storyblocks

- Everyone Parts with Everything Eventually | CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/obyY4n352to?si=eY6KSlBPlWEXcRH8

- Dream a Silent Journey | Storyblocks

- Ambient Strings and Solo Cello for Meditation | Storyblocks

- Lost in Place | Storyblocks

- Time Drift | CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tQiFbOhHBY&t

- The Disappearance | CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLjXuckODT8

- Lost at Sea | Storyblocks

- Ascension | Storyblocks

CO.AG Music's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic

Scott Buckley’s track can be found on his website – released under CC-BY 4.0. www.scottbuckley.com.au

CHAPTERS:

00:00: The Supercontinent Cycle

02:53: Plate Tectonics & Forming Land

05:57: Cratons

08:35: Vaalbara

10:48: Ur

14:03: Kenorland

17:52: Arctica / Atlantica / Nena

20:46: Columbia (a.k.a. "Nuna")

23:35: Rodinia

29:05: Gondwana / Laurasia

31:22: Pangea

34:13: Pangea Proxima?

As rich and life-supporting as the Earth is today, it was once nothing more than a column of dust, dancing in a scorched cyclone of gas. And just how we as humans managed to emerge from this ancient dust makes up the topic of this video today. So join us, as we wind the cosmic clock backwards almost five billion years, from you and I in the present, all the way back to the birth of the solar System, back to when Earth was nothing more than a burning, barren wasteland.

SOUNDTRACK:

The music in this video was created by Scott Buckley and CO.AG Music, their respective tracks are listed below:

Scott Buckley Creative Commons Music: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/

- Undertow: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/undertow/

- Moonlight: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/moonlight/

- Machina: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/?s=machina

- This Too Shall Pass: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/this-too-shall-pass/

- Celestial: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/celestial/

- She Moved Mountains: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/she-moved-mountains/

CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic1823

- Lufian Sky (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/LLmuc12sS7g

- Dim Light Documentary Music (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/DKV7Lfda2NM

- Lost Time Edit Mix (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/18R8o8J7GMU

- Dream That Summer Dream (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/5jARlSfkVv4

- Another Time, Another Space, Another Place (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/kABg8lGVo28

CHAPTERS:

00:00: Welcome

01:36: Formation of Earth

05:41: Hydrothermal Vents

07:57: The First Lifeforms

10:24: Great Oxidation Event

13:21: Eukaryotes

14:52: Multicellular Lifeforms

19:06: Early Cambrian Creatures

21:21: The Age of Fish

24:54: The First Amphibians

27:24: Pangaea: The Supercontinent

30:40: The Great Die-Off

33:38: The Rule of Dinosaurs

36:16: The Asteroid Extinction

39:10: First Humans

42:09: Closing Statements