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Thinking again of what he had heard from the men, he felt in his bosom for his roll, that he might read therein, and be comforted; but he felt, and found it not. Then was Christian in great distress, and knew not what to do; for he wanted that which used to relieve him, and that which should have been his pass into the Celestial City. Here, therefore, he begun to be much perplexed, and knew not what to do. At last he bethought himself that he had slept in the arbour that is on the side of the hill; and, falling down upon his knees, he asked God's forgiveness for that his foolish act, and then went back to look for his roll. But all the way he went back, who can sufficiently set forth the sorrow of Christian's heart? Sometimes he sighed, sometimes he wept, and oftentimes he chid himself for being so foolish to fall asleep in that place, which was erected only for a little refreshment for his weariness.

Welcome back to our ongoing exploration of the Hickman edition of Jonathan Edwards, where today we pull back the curtain on the experiential core of the great theologian's revival ministry. Moving beyond his terrifying warning sermons, we synthesize the positive architecture of Edwards's thought—from the direct, soul-transforming beauty of *A Divine and Supernatural Light* and the supreme satisfaction found in *God the Best Portion of the Christian*, to the urgent, lifelong labor of *Pressing Into the Kingdom of God*. Far from teaching human preparationism, Edwards demonstrates how God intentionally uses the awakened sinner's legal strivings, lingering hypocrisies, and accumulated guilt to thoroughly shatter all self-righteousness, stripping the soul of its innate moral pride until, thoroughly humbled in the valley of trouble, it drops every weapon of self-reliance and relies solely upon sovereign, unmerited grace.

I have studied revival history for 41 years. For its extent and scope, there is nothing like the revivals that happened between 1857 and 1859. What began as a quiet, lay-led prayer meeting on Fulton Street in Lower Manhattan quickly crossed the Atlantic, igniting an unprecedented transatlantic awakening that reshaped the spiritual landscape of the British Isles. Documented in the firsthand accounts of William Gibson (*The Year of Grace*), Rev. Adam Magill (*Authentic Records*), Thomas Phillips (*The Welsh Revival*), and the ministry of James Turner along the Scottish fishing ports, this movement bypassed famous evangelists and institutional power to sweep through drafty schoolhouses, coal mines, slate quarries, and harbor piers. Driven by ordinary working people and persistent prayer, it added over 300,000 converts across Ulster, Wales, and Scotland in a matter of months, emptying taverns, emptying jail cells, and offering a enduring testimony that no spiritual drought is too deep for a sudden, sovereign awakening.

Welcome to today's episode, where we trace one of the most profound and comforting truths in the Christian life: the vital distinction between saving faith and the full enjoyment of assurance. Drawing from John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, we explore Christian's journey from passing through the Wicket Gate to the climactic moment at the Cross where his heavy burden finally rolls away into the empty tomb. Guided by Westminster Larger Catechism Q. 81 and the classic pastoral insights of Thomas Ridgley, Thomas Brooks, Thomas Goodwin, John Owen, and Richard Sibbes, we confront modern misunderstandings—including the polemical debate between Dr. Joel Beeke and David Engelsma—to show why full assurance is not the immediate essence of faith, but a precious fruit grown over time. Join us as we consider Goodwill's tender counsel to be content to bear our burdens until the place of deliverance, offering deep encouragement to every "bruised reed" and "smoking flax" looking away from their own fragile feelings and fixing their eyes on the finished work of Jesus Christ.

What if the greatest threat to a spiritual awakening isn't secular hostility, but a manufactured fake? Between 1792 and 1838, America witnessed a dramatic tug-of-war for the soul of revival—shifting from the quiet, sovereign, and deeply doctrinal outpourings in New England towns like Somers and Canton to the high-pressure, emotionally charged "New Measures" of the western frontier and Charles Finney. In this episode, we open the vault on rare, forgotten 19th-century periodicals and primary source treatises—from the Connecticut Evangelical Magazine to the letters in Spragues Lectures on Revival and Grant Powers's 1828 warning on how an excited imagination tricks the nervous system into a false hope. How solid pastors fought to rescue genuine, Spirit-wrought regeneration and the deep, Puritan pursuit of sanctification from being replaced by man-made psychological machinery of men like Charles Finney.

In this episode, we step into the high-stakes theological and historical battlegrounds of 19th-century American Presbyterianism to confront a quiet piece of historical revisionism. Writing in the shadow of the 1837 Old School–New School split, Princeton's Charles Hodge sought to defend church order in his Constitutional History by painting the First Great Awakening—and particularly the raw, energetic ministry of a young George Whitefield—as a primary engine of fanatical pride and ecclesiastical disorder. But when we look past Hodge's Old School apologetic to the primary record, Whitefield's own humbled, edited 1756 journals, and the eyewitness conversion narratives gathered by contemporaries like William McCulloch, a vastly different picture emerges. Join us as we reassess Hodge's critique, uncover the pastoral wisdom of Archibald Alexander and Jonathan Edwards, and defend the honor and enduring legacy of one of history's most gifted young heralds of the Gospel.

In this study on Richard Baxter's approach to soul care, his writings on melancholy—most notably in The Right Method for a Settled Peace of Conscience, The Christian Directory, and his Cripplegate discourse The Cure of Melancholy—offer a remarkably compassionate and holistic vision of the human person. Operating far ahead of his time, Baxter recognized that true spiritual distress is often deeply entangled with physical, neurological, and emotional exhaustion, viewing "melancholy" not merely as a lack of faith or a moral failing, but as an organic bodily affliction that warps the mind's perceptions. By distinguishing between voluntary sin and the involuntary, dark intrusive thoughts generated by a diseased brain, he instructed pastors and families to treat afflicted believers with gentle gospel assurances, medical care, physical labor, and brief devotions rather than demanding intense self-examination. In bridging the gap between bodily "physick" and spiritual counsel, Baxter provides a battle-tested historical model for understanding how physiological weaknesses affect religious experience, reminding us that caring for the soul often begins with having deep compassion on the physical frame.

This introductory discussion offers a brief tour through the massive 12-volume Collected Works of Thomas Goodwin (1600–1680), one of the premier theologians and pastors of 17th-century English Puritanism. A leading figure at both the Westminster Assembly and the drafting of the Savoy Declaration, Goodwin combined rigorous Reformed scholasticism with an extraordinarily tender, experiential care for the Christian soul. By examining a select handful of his most enduring titles—including The Return of Prayers, The Child of Light Walking in Darkness, The Heart of Christ in Heaven Towards Sinners on Earth, his exhaustive treatise on regeneration in Volume 6, and his sobering study on the punishment of sin in Volume 10—we catch a glimpse of the sheer scope, psychological depth, and pastoral warmth that made Goodwin a titan of practical theology and a lifelong favorite of Puritan scholars like Dr. Joel Beeke.

This is the story of my trip to Montana, most likely to see my mom for the last time in this life. Do you suppose that I came to give peace on earth? I tell you, not at all, but rather division." Jesus is explaining to His disciples that following Him would require strong commitment, which could lead to sharp disagreement or division—even among close family members—between those who accept His message and those who reject it.

This discussion explores John Owen's classic commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews—written during the political and personal turmoil of the 17th-century English Restoration—and uncovers how its severe warning passages serve as a vital blueprint for spiritual endurance rather than a cause for despair. By examining the anatomy of spiritual backsliding through the lens of Psalm 95 and Esau's tragic profaneness, and by incorporating the complementary insights of Arthur W. Pink and John Brown of Edinburgh, the dialogue resolves the apparent tension between God's terrifying warnings and the doctrine of perseverance. Ultimately, it reveals that the Holy Spirit uses solemn gospel warnings not to reject the brokenhearted, but as the very instrument to awaken, guard, and preserve true believers in lifelong faith.