Brothers and Sisters in Jesus Christ: There were 3 different views of the civil authorities after the Reformation of the church in the 1500's. 1. The Roman Catholics. They saw the civil government and any state entity as being under the control of the church. 2. The Anabaptists. They generally opted for the removal of all forms of government. They would not even take an oath to speak the truth in court and they refused to pay taxes. 3. The Reformers, in whose tradition we follow, restored the proper teaching regarding the civil authorities. In the first sermon from Article 36, you heard God established the civil authorities, and he did so to punish the wicked, to preserve the righteous, and to advance the glory of God. You also learned how libertarians, democrats, and pacifists undermined the civil authority and so rob Christ of his glory. In the 2nd sermon you saw the specific duties of the state, especially in regard to the church. They were to remove all hindrances from the church and not put any hindrances themselves. In this 3rd sermon, you will hear the call to submit to the civil authorities and what happens when men don't submit. Our headings are: 1. Duty to Submit 2. Dangers of not Submitting Our goals are: That you will receive grace from the Lord to submit to the civil authorities in all things lawful so the work of the cross can proceed unhindered.