According to Michael Kitson, the recession will be deeply protracted and U-shaped, leaving permanent scars on the economy in the form of lost economic capacity. The financial sector will not fully recover to be as significant a share of the economy as it was pre-shock; the adverse effect on long-term investment will reduce productive capacity in the future and the country will not be allowed to draw in as much import as previously. The challenge, he explains, will be to produce strategies to replace this lost capacity.