In this episode, we explore the career of Sir Roger Penrose, the English mathematician and physicist whose work spans the deepest mysteries of the universe and the human brain. A recipient of the Order of Merit and the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, Penrose revolutionized general relativity by proving that the formation of black holes is a robust prediction of Einstein’s theory. We discuss his collaboration with Stephen Hawking on singularity theorems and his proposal of the "cosmic censorship" hypothesis, which suggests singularities are hidden safely behind event horizons.

Beyond cosmology, we dive into Penrose's fascinating contributions to geometry and philosophy. We examine:

• The Impossible Geometry: How he created the "Penrose triangle"—described as "impossibility in its purest form"—and inspired the artistic masterpieces of M.C. Escher.
• Aperiodic Tiling: His discovery of "Penrose tilings," patterns that fill a plane with fivefold rotational symmetry but never repeat, later found in the atomic structure of quasicrystals.
• The Physics of Consciousness: His controversial argument in The Emperor’s New Mind that human consciousness is non-algorithmic and cannot be replicated by computers. We break down his "Orch-OR" theory, which posits that consciousness arises from quantum gravity effects inside the brain's microtubules.
• Cycles of Time: His theory of Conformal Cyclic Cosmology (CCC), which proposes that our Big Bang was not the beginning, but a transition from a previous universe "aeon".

Join us for a journey through the mind of a scientist who searches for the link between the geometry of space-time and the nature of human thought.