In this episode, Carissa and Makayla return one final time to discuss their continued research and developing analyses of their sites of memory on the University of Wyoming campus. Both provide an overview of their sites, the research conducted, and discuss their individual rhetorical analyses of the elements that define their sites as spaces of memory.

Sources:

• Branstetter, Heather L. “‘A Mining Town Needs Brothels’: Gossip and the Rhetoric of Sex Work in a Wild West Mining Community.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly, vol. 46, no. 5, 2016, pp. 318-409.
• Cresswell, Tim. “Part One: Writing Place.” Maxwell Street: Writing and Thinking Place. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2019, pp. 1-19.
• Connerton, Paul. “Bodily Practices.” How Societies Remember, edited by John Dunn, Jack Goody, Eugene A. Hammel, and Geoffrery Hawthorn, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 72-115.
• Dickinson, Blair, et al. Places of Public Memory: The Rhetoric of Museums and Memorials. The University of Alabama Press, 2010.
• Dickinson, Greg, Brian L. Ott, and Aoki Eric. “Memory and Myth at the Buffalo Bill Museum.” Western Journal of Communication, vol. 69, no. 2, 2005, pp. 85-108.
• Dunn, Thomas R. “‘The Quare in the Square’: Queer Memory, Sensibilities, and Oscar Wilde." The Quarterly Journal of Speech, vol. 100, no. 2, 2014, pp. 213-240.
• Foster, Brandon. “Designed to Honor, Statue Sparks Fight.” Casper Star-Tribune November 26, 2017 - Wyoming Digital Newspaper Collection, 26 Nov. 2017, https://wyomingnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=WYUCST20171126-01.1.12&srpos=5&e=--2017-----en-20--1-byDA-img-txIN%7CtxCO%7CtxTA-%22Kenny%2BSailors%2BStatue%22-------2------. 
• Foster, Brandon. “Wyoming Re-Dedicates the A-A.” Casper Star-Tribune November 5, 2017 - Wyoming Digital Newspaper Collection, 5 Nov. 2017, https://wyomingnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=WYUCST20171105-01.1.39&srpos=2&e=--2017-----en-20--1-byDA-img-txIN%7CtxCO%7CtxTA-%22Kenny%2BSailors%2BStatue%22-------2------. 
• Kelly, Casey Ryan, and Jason Edward Black. Decolonizing Native American Rhetoric Communicating Self-Determination. Peter Lang Publishing Inc. New York, 2018. 
• Palczewski, Catherine. “Women at the Greasy Grass/Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument: Remapping the Gendered/Sexed Circumference of Memory.” Decolonizing Native American Rhetoric: Communicating Self-Determination, Edited by Casey Ryan Kelly and Jason Edward Black, vol. 36, New York, 2018, pp. 48-77.
• Powell, Malea. “Dreaming Charles Eastman: Cultural Memory, Autobiography, and Geography in Indigenous Rhetorical Histories,” in Beyond the Archives : Research As a Lived Process, edited by Gesa E. Kirsch, Southern Illinois University Press, 2008. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://www.proquest.com/legacydocview/EBC/1354402?accountid=14793.
• Small, Nancy. “The Woman in the Cage.” Pantaloonatics in Wyoming: Memory, Place, and Rhetorics of Women’s Agency, [in-process manuscript], n.d., pp. 1–42. 
• Washakie (Chief), 10, 4, Blanche M. Schroer papers, 18-12-1998, Collection Number 10575, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming.
• Washakie Renovation, 714, President’s Office records, 1883-2014, Collection # 510000, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming.

For more information:

• University of Wyoming English Department website: ⁠http://www.uwyo.edu/english/⁠
• Music by Mr. Smith, “Be Cool” from the album Streamliner Used under Creative Commons License 4.0 International From the Free Music Archive

Throughout this episode Lexi and Elena wrap up their discussions of their Native American sites of memory; the Sherman Sage Mural in Hidden Figures Alley and the hallway of Arapaho Journeys photos in the NAERCC. Elena starts us off by discussing Sherman Sage’s life and work both on the reservation and for the government. She brings up Catherine Palczewski’s concept of the importance of labels and mnemonicide. Lexi then takes us back to the NAERCC and discusses the lack of equal representation of Wyoming tribes before focusing on the concepts of anachronism and counter (hi)story. The two then turn their attention to the rhetorical analyses of these two sites. Elena discuesses artistic choices and how they portray Sherman Sage and Nora’s acceleration of history. Lexi discusses the similar affect of the nmeumonicide of the NEARCC Arapaho Journeys hallway of photos with the rumor that the photos may be changing along with Palczewski’s importance of language naming as it relates to the name of the ‘exhibit’ in the hallway. The two finish their discussion by talking about what challenges they faced throughout this project.

Sources:

• Aden, Roger C. “Public Memory.” Edited by Mike Allen, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods, 2018, pp. 1355-1357.
• Anderson, Jeffrey D. One Hundred Years of Old Man Sage: An Arapaho Life. University of Nebraska Press, 2007. 
• Dunn, Thomas R. “‘The Quare in the Square’: Queer Memory, Sensibilities, and Oscar Wilde." The Quarterly Journal of Speech, vol. 100, no. 2, 2014, pp. 213-240.
• Martinez, Aja Y. “A Plea for critical Race Theory Counterstory: Stock Story versus Counterstory dialolgues Concerning Alejandra’s ‘fit’ in the Academy.” Composition Studies, Vol. 42, No. 2, 2014, pp. 33-55.
• Nora, Pierre. “Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire.” Representations, No. 26, Special Issue: Memory and Counter-Memory, 1989, pp. 7-24.
• Palczewski, Catherine. “Women at the Greasy Grass/Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument: Remapping the Gendered/Sexed Circumference of Memory.” Decolonizing Native American Rhetoric: Communicating Self-Determination, Edited by Casey Ryan Kelly and Jason Edward Black, vol. 36, New York, 2018, pp. 48-77.

More Info:

• University of Wyoming English Department website: ⁠http://www.uwyo.edu/english/⁠
• Music by Mr. Smith, “Be Cool” from the album Streamliner Used under Creative Commons License 4.0 International From the Free Music Archive

This episode Lexi and Elena review placemaking by taking the listener through their sites of public memory, the hallway of photos in the NAERCC and the Sherman Sage memorial in “Hidden Figures” alley. Lexi details photos you can see in the hallway and how those photos create meaning for the site. Elena then takes us through the accomplishments of Sherman Sage. They then discuss their trip to the archives and the struggles to find information therein. Both Lexi and Elena detail secondary academic research as their methodology for research. The episode is wrapped up with a conversation on decolonization and what that means for their sites of memory.

Sources:

• Anderson, Jeffrey D. One Hundred Years of Old Man Sage: An Arapaho Life. University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
• Belfi, E. & Sandiford, N. (2021). Decolonization Series Part 1: Exploring Decolonization. In S. Brandauer and E. Hartman (Eds.). Interdependence: Global Solidarity and Local Actions. The Community-based Global Learning Collaborative. Retrieved from: http://globalsolidaritylocalaction.sites.haverford.edu/what-is-decolonization-why-is-it-important/
• Connerton, Paul. “Bodily practices.” Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 72-115.
• Dickinson, Greg, et al. “Memory and Myth at the Buffalo Bill Museum.” Western Journal of Communication, 2005, Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 85-108.
• Holden, Courtney. “Native American Tribes in Rocky Mountain National Park.” Colorado National Park Trips, Outside Interactive, Inc, 20 Mar. 2014, https://www.mycoloradoparks.com/park/native-american-tribes/.
• Houdek, Matthew, and Kendall R. Phillips. "Public memory." Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. 2017.
• Ladino, Jennifer K. “Fears Made Manifest” Desert Creatures and Border Anxiety at Coronado National Memorial.” University of Nevada Press, 2019.
• Olick, Jeffrey K. “Sites of Memory Studies.” Routledge International Handbook of Memory Studies, edited by Anna Lisa Tota and Trevor Hagen, Routledge, 2015.
• Powell, Malea. "Dreaming Charles Eastman: Cultural memory, autobiography, and geography in indigenous rhetorical histories." Beyond the archives: Research as a lived process (2008): 115-127.)
• University of Wyoming American Heritage Center Archives, John Roberts papers, 1882-1963, Series III.: Photographs, https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv886484?q=John%20Roberts
• University of Wyoming American Heritage Center Archives, Loretta Fowler papers, 1824-1993.
• Wiles, Sara. Arapaho Journeys: Photographs and Stories from the Wind River Reservation. University of Oklahoma Press, 2012
• Wiles, Sara, and J. Dresser. "The Arapaho Way." Continuity and change on the Wind River Reservation (2019).”

More Info:

• Link to picture of Sherman Sage on expedition:
  https://estespark.pastperfectonline.com/Photo/EB5842E5-E082-4C54-9511-062082437100#gallery
• The American Heritage Center website: https://www.uwyo.edu/ahc/ 
• University of Wyoming English Department website: http://www.uwyo.edu/english/
• Music by Mr. Smith, “Be Cool” from the album Streamliner Used under Creative Commons License 4.0 International From the Free Music Archive

In this episode, Janaye, Lucy, and Matt revisit their larger public memory sites within Laramie, and give updates on how their research over these sites is going. All three discuss what research methods they have been using to explore their public memory sites, ranging from archives to interviews.The trio shares new information they have discovered through their research, and also provide examples of where they have come up short. The group then spends some time discussing public memory and how these larger sites of public memory relate and differ from one another and how they plan to continue their research.

Sources:

• Branstetter, Heather. “'A mining town needs brothels': Gossip and the Rhetoric of Sex Work in a Wild West Mining Community," Rhetoric Society Quarterly, vol. 46, no. 5, 2016, pp. 381-409.
• Coker, Cliff. “Harriet Tubman, Women on 20s, and Intersectionality: Public Memory and the Redesign of U.S. Currency,” Southern Communication Journal, vol. 82, no. 4, 2017, pp. 239-249.
• Connerton, Paul. How Societies Remember. Themes in Social Sciences. University of Cambridge, Great Britain. 1989, pp. 72-105.
• Cresswell, Tim. “Part One: Writing Place.” Maxwell Street: Writing and Thinking Place, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 2019, pp. 1–19.
• Dickinson, Greg, Brian Ott, and Eric Aoki. “Memory and Myth at the Buffalo Bill Museum” Western Journal of Communication. vol. 69, no. 2, 2005, pp. 85-108.
• Gladys B. Beery papers, col. 12556 Box 3. American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming
• Ladino, Jennifer. K. Memorials Matter: Emotion, Environment, and Public Memory at American Historical Sites. University of Nevada Press. Reno, NV., 2019, pp. 41-82.
• Quinn, Liam and Bennett Durando. “A Bullet Hole, Ghosts and a Family's Legacy: Laramie's Buckhorn Bar & Parlor.” Columbia Missourian, 31 Aug. 2019, https://www.columbiamissourian.com/sports/mizzou_football/a-bullet-hole-ghosts-and-a-familys-legacy-laramies-buckhorn-bar-parlor/article_fdf98482-cc17-11e9-8d31-0fb6b72fbca7.html.
• Rice, Jennifer. H., et al. “Memory and Lost Communities: Strange Methods for Studying Place.” Review of Communication, vol. 20, no. 2, 2020, pp. 144–151.
• Rickroddam. “The Legendary Tales of the Old Buckhorn Bar and Parlor in Laramie.” 101.9 KING FM, 24 Mar. 2016, https://kingfm.com/the-legendary-tales-of-the-old-buckhorn-bar-and-parlor-in-laramie/.

More Info: 

• The American Heritage Center website: https://www.uwyo.edu/ahc/
• University of Wyoming English Department website: http://www.uwyo.edu/english/
• Music by Mr. Smith, “Be Cool” from the album Streamliner
  Used under Creative Commons License 4.0 International
  From the Free Music Archive

In their second episode Thristen and Eric talk more about the people and events behind their sites.  Eric discusses the man who created the “University Family” sculpture in the first place while Thristen focuses more on the people and then story behind the Mathew Shepard Memorial Bench.  They discuss the research process they each went through and the trials and tribulations they had to experience.

Special Shoutouts:

• The Matthew Shepard Foundation: https://www.matthewshepard.org
• The American Heritage Center Archives: http://www.uwyo.edu/ahc/

Sources:

• Branstetter, Heather L. “A Mining Town Needs Brothels: Gossip and the Rhetoric of Sex Work in a Wild West Mining Community," Rhetoric Society Quarterly, vol. 46, no. 5, 2016, pp. 381-409.
• Coker, Calvin. "Harriet Tubman, Women on 20s, and Intersectionality: Public Memory and the Redesign of U.S. Currency," Southern Communication Journal, vol. 82, no. 4, 2017, pp. 239-249.
• Ladino, Jennifer. “Fears Made Manifest,” Memorials Matter: Emotion, Environment and Public Memory at American Historical Sites. University of Nevada Press. 2019, pp. 41-80.
• Powell, Malea. “Dreaming Charles Eastman: Cultural Memory, Autobiography, and Geography in Indiginous Rhetorical Histories. ” Beyond the Archives: Research as a Lived Process, Gesa E Kirsch and Liz Rohan, Eds. Southern Illinois University Press, 2008, pp. 115-127. 

More Info: 

• University of Wyoming English Department website: http://www.uwyo.edu/english/
• Music by Mr. Smith, “Be Cool” from the album Streamliner
  Used under Creative Commons License 4.0 International
  From the Free Music Archive

In this episode, Carissa and Makayla return to discuss the research approaches used to study their sites of memory on the University of Wyoming campus. Makayla and Carissa discuss the ups and downs of researching sites of memory. Makayla discusses her use of newspapers, recordings, American Heritage Center archives, and ethnographic approaches such as placemaking. Carissa discusses her use of newspapers, a scholarly novel, personal observations, and the prospect for future interviews. While both have found challenges in their research, the success of finding new information leads to more questions and future speculations.

Sources:

• Aden, Roger C. “Public Memory.” SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods, 2018, https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411. 
• Cantwell, John D. "The Physician Who Invented Basketball." The American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 93, no. 8, 2004, pp. 1075-1077. 
• “Chicago Star. (Chicago, Ill.) 1946-1948, February 21, 1948, Page 11, Image 11.” Chronicling America, Chicago Star Pub. Co., https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87062321/1948-02-21/ed-1/seq-11.  
• “Chief Washakie Statue Unveiling: Wyoming Signatures Feature.” YouTube, uploaded by Wyoming Videos, 15 Feb. 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZQh3SyXLl4. 
• Cresswell, Tim. “Part One: Writing Place.” Maxwell Street: Writing and Thinking Place. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2019, pp. 1-19. 
• Dickinson, Greg, Brian L. Ott, and Aoki Eric. “Memory and Myth at the Buffalo Bill Museum.” Western Journal of Communication, vol. 69, no. 2, 2005, pp. 85-108. Ewig, Rick, and Tamsen Emerson Hert. University of Wyoming. Arcadia Publishing, 2012. 
• “Evening Star. [Volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, August 17, 1960, Page B-5, Image 29.” Chronicling America, W.D. Wallach & Hope, https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/.
• Olick, Jeffrey K. “Sites of Memory Studies (Lieux des études de mémoire).” Routledge International Handbook of Memory Studies, edited by Anna L. Tota, and Trever Hagen, Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. Routledge, 2016, pp. 41-52. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uwy/detail.action?docID=4014323. 
• Rice, Jennifer H., et al. “Memory and Lost Communities: Strange Methods for Studying Place.” The Review of Communication, vol. 20 no. 2, 2020, pp. 144-151. 
• Washakie (Chief), 10, 4, Blanche M. Schroer papers, 18-12-1998, Collection Number 10575, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming. 
• Washakie Renovation, 714, President’s Office records, 1883-2014, Collection # 510000, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming.

More Info:

• The American Heritage Center website: https://www.uwyo.edu/ahc/
• University of Wyoming English Department website: http://www.uwyo.edu/english/
• Music by Mr. Smith, “Be Cool” from the album Streamliner
  Used under Creative Commons License 4.0 InternationalFrom the Free Music Archive

In this episode, Matt, Janaye and Lucy talk about their larger sites of public memory within Laramie. The Buckhorn Bar examined by Janaye, St. Paul’s United Church of Christ explored by Matt, and the Greenhill Cemetery analyzed by Lucy, have all been a part of the Laramie culture since the early 1900s or earlier. The group spends some time explaining their sites and speculate over why these sites are so important to the narrative and public memory of our home Laradise. They also discuss the similarities within their own sites that they’ve chosen but also the differences that come from choosing such larger public memory sites.

Sources:

• Aden, R. C., “Public Memory”, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods. 2018. SAGE Publications, Inc. 
• Blair, Carole, Greg Dickinson, and Brian L. Ott. “Introduction: Rhetoric/Memory/Place.” Places of Public Memory the Rhetoric of Museums and Memorials, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa Ala., AL, 2010, pp. 1–54.
• Connerton, Paul, “Seven Types of Forgetting.” Memory Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, 2008, pp. 59–71., https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698007083889.
• Cresswell, T. “Part One: Writing Place.” Maxwell Street: Writing and Thinking Place, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 2019, pp. 1–19.
• Houdek, Matthew, and Kendall R. Phillips. “Public Memory.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.181.
• Lambert, L. B., et al. Moment to Monument the Making and Unmaking of Cultural Significance. Transcript Verlag, 2015.
• Nora, Pierre. Between memory and history: les lieux de mémoire. Representations, no. 26, 1989, pp. 7-24. 

More Info:

University of Wyoming English Department website: http://www.uwyo.edu/english/ 

Music by Mr. Smith, “Be Cool” from the album Streamliner Used under Creative Commons License 4.0 International From the Free Music Archive

In this episode Lexi discusses her chosen site: the Arapaho Journeys hallway in the NAERCC. She delves into the history of the building and how this creates context for the hallway. Lexi takes some time to talk about her interest in Native American / Indigenous Studies (NAIS) and how she came to choose the site. We then discuss some of the rhetorical scholarly sources that prompted thinking of the hallway as a site of public [counter]memory.

Elena discusses her chosen site of public memory, the Sherman Sage mural in Downtown Laramie. Elena goes into descriptive detail when talking about the location of her site to allow listeners to imagine themselves in the space. She reflects on misremembering her site of public memory and shares history about the Arapaho Elder Sherman Sage.

Sources:

• Aden, Roger C. "Public Memory." Allen, Mike (Hg.): The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods, Milwaukee (2017).
• Assmann, Aleida. "‘Plunging into Nothingness’: The Politics of Cultural Memory." Moment to monument: the making and unmaking of cultural significance 32 (2009): 35.
• Dickinson, Greg, Carole Blair, and Brian L. Ott, eds. Places of public memory: The rhetoric of museums and memorials. University of Alabama Press, 2010.
• Phillips, Kendall R. “The Failure of Memory: Reflections on Rhetoric and Public Remembrance.” Western Journal of Communication, Vol. 74, No.2, March-April 2010, pp. 208-223.
• Rice, Jennifer H., et al. “Memory and Lost Communities: Strange Methods for Studying Place.” Review of Communication, April 2020, pp. 144-151.

Other Info: 

• https://www.uwyo.edu/uw/news/2012/12/uw-honors-program-now-has-home-of-its-own.html - this page was used for the information concerning the Honors Red House
• https://www.uwyo.edu/uw/news/2017/09/uw-native-american-center-grand-opening-sept.-29.html - this page was used for the information concerning the establishment of the NAERCC
• https://county10.com/arapaho-elder-sherman-sage-depicted-in-laramies-historic-figures-alleyway/ - used for information about Sherman Sage’s history
• University of Wyoming English Department website: http://www.uwyo.edu/english/ 
• Bumper music by Mr. Smith, “Be Cool” from the album Streamliner Used under Creative Commons License 4.0 From the Free Music Archive

In this episode, Eric talks about the University Family Statue and Thristen talks about the Matthew Shepard memorial bench, two sites of memory on the University of Wyoming campus. Both introduce these memory sites by describing where each site is located, first impressions of their sites and why they might interest others, and by connecting them to concepts of public memory.

Sources:

• Aden, Roger C. “Public Memory.” The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods, edited by Mike Allen, 2018.
• Assmann, Aleida. “‘Plunging into Nothingness’ : The Politics of Cultural Memory” in Moment to Monument: The Making and Unmaking of Cultural Significance, transcript, Bielefeld, 2009.
• Houdek, Matthew, and Kendall R. Phillips. “Public Memory.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication, 25 Jan. 2017.
• Olick, Jefferey. “Sites of memory studies (Lieux des études de mémoire).” Routledge International Handbook of Memory Studies, edited by Anna Lisa Tota, and Trever Hagen, Routledge, 2015.
• Rice, Jennifer H., et al. “Memory and Lost Communities: Strange Methods for Studying Place.” The Review of Communication, vol. 20, no. 2, 2020, pp. 144–151.

More Info: 

• University of Wyoming English Department website: http://www.uwyo.edu/english/
• Bumper music by Mr. Smith, “Be Cool” from the album Streamliner
  Used under Creative Commons License 4.0
  From the Free Music Archive

In this episode, Carissa and Makayla discuss two prominent sites of memory on the University of Wyoming campus. Makayla discusses the Chief Washakie statue and Carissa discusses the Kenney Sailors statue. Both spend time explaining their sites, the historical figures being represented, and why these sites are important. Questions are asked as speculations begin to emerge about the impact these two historical individuals and their statues have on the world.

Sources:

• Cresswell, Tim. “Part One: Writing Place.” Maxwell Street: Writing and Thinking Place. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2019, pp. 1-19.
• Dickinson, Greg, Carole Blair, and Brian L. Ott. Places of Public Memory: The Rhetoric of Museums and Memorials. Edited by Carole Blair, Brian L. Ott, and Greg Dickinson. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, 2010.
• Houdek, Matthew, and Kendall R. Phillips. “Public Memory.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication, 25 Jan. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.181.
• “Kenny Sailors Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft Status and More.” Basketball, https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/s/sailoke01.html.
• Rice, Jennifer H., et al. “Memory and Lost Communities: Strange Methods for Studying Place.” The review of Communication, vol. 20 no. 2, 2020, pp. 144-151.
• Victor, Jeff. “Honoring a Legend: Kenny Sailors Statue Unveiled in Washington Park.” Wyoming Tribune Eagle, 30 June 2018, https://www.wyomingnews.com/laramieboomerang/news/honoring-a-legend-kenny-sailors-statue-unveiled-in-washington-park/article_da64394c-5107-5fd9-89cd-91a6078023c7.html.

More Info:

• University of Wyoming English Department website: http://www.uwyo.edu/english/
• Music by Mr. Smith, “Be Cool” from the album Streamliner
  Used under Creative Commons License 4.0 InternationalFrom the Free Music Archive