The third installment in a series in which I read Julius Braunthal's 1961 book, History of the International, 1864-1914.

In this episode, I finish chapter four, "The Conspiracy of the Equals", picking up where we left off with Babeuf's attempt to save the French Revolution from self-destruction, and read chapter five, "The Counter-Revolutionary International", concerning the efforts of the ruling classes of Europe to snuff out the revolution as it spread across the continent.

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The second installment in a series in which I read Julius Braunthal's 1961 book, History of the International, 1864-1914. In this episode, I read chapter three, "The Corresponding Society", about the first independent working class political movement in history, and the beginning of chapter four, "The Conspiracy of the Equals", concerning the rise and fall of the Jacobins during the French Revolution.

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The first installment in a series in which I read Julius Braunthal's 1961 book, History of the International, 1864-1914. In this episode, I read the first two chapters, "The Birth of the Idea", and "Thomas Paine, Internationalist".

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Some reflections on this project, and the relationship between socialism and intellectual inquiry more generally.

"The spirit which has awakened, pervades, and moves the multitude, is that of intellectual inquiry. The light of thought is illuming the minds of the masses; kindled by the cheap publications, the discussions, missionaries, and meetings of the last ten years: a light which no power can extinguish, nor control its vivifying influence. For the spark once struck is inextinguishable, and will go on extending and radiating with increasing power; thought will generate thought; and each illumined mind will become a centre for the enlightenment of thousands, till the effulgent blaze penetrates every cranny of corruption, and scare selfishness and injustice from their seats of power. *Chartism* is an emanation of this spirit: its aim is the regeneration of all, the subjugation of none; its objects, as righteous as those of its opponents are wicked and unjust, are to place our institutions on the basis of justice, to secure labour its reward and merit its fruits, and to purify the heart and rectify the conduct of all, by knowledge, morality, and love of freedom. Discord and folly have to some extent unhappily prevailed, for want of sufficient investigation, but still Chartism has already been led by knowledge beyond the crushing influence of irresponsible and vindictive persecutors; and though prejudice and faction may contend with it for a season, it is yet destined to become a great and efficient instrument of moral and intellectual improvement."

- William Lovett and John Collins, from "Chartism; A New Organization of the People", written in Warwick jail, 1840

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The Principle of Self-Emancipation in Marx and Engels, by Hal Draper: https://www.marxists.org/archive/draper/1971/xx/emancipation.html

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The Principle of Self-Emancipation in Marx and Engels, by Hal Draper: https://www.marxists.org/archive/draper/1971/xx/emancipation.html

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An Introduction to Hal Draper, by Ernest Haberkern: https://www.marxists.org/archive/drap...

Anatomy of the Micro-Sect, by Hal Draper: https://www.marxists.org/archive/drap...

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Toward a New Beginning–On Another Road: The Alternative to the Micro-Sect, by Hal Draper: https://www.marxists.org/archive/drap...

Beyond sect or movement: What is a political center? A Platypus panel featuring Michael Hirsch, Jim Creegan, and Spencer A. Leonard

- transcript: https://platypus1917.org/2019/09/01/b...

- recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmTXI...

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A long and rambling episode in which I consider why it is so difficult to answer the simple question, "What is socialism?", I reflect on what I'm trying to accomplish with the Socialist Legacy project, and in which I read "The Man with the Hoe" by Edwin Markham, a few aphorisms from Max Horkheimer's "Dammerung", and a letter to Eugene Debs by an anonymous capitalist politician.

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The full text of Johnstone's essay: https://www.marxists.org/archive/john...

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