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Cosmic Curiosities: Exploring Planet Nine and Gravitational Waves

In this engaging Q&A episode of Space Nuts , host Heidi Campo and the brilliant Professor Fred Watson answer a variety of listener questions that delve into the mysteries of our universe. From the search for Planet Nine to the nature of black holes and the behavior of gravitational waves, this episode promises to enlighten and entertain.

Episode Highlights:

- The Search for Planet Nine: Jakob from Norway poses a thought-provoking question about the mathematical predictions surrounding Planet Nine and why we can't pinpoint its location with the same accuracy as Neptune's discovery in 1846. Fred explains the differences in observational techniques and the statistical challenges faced by astronomers today.

- Understanding Black Holes: Young listener Enrique asks how black holes can have density if their singularity lacks volume. Fred breaks down the concept of density and how it relates to the mass of black holes, providing a clear explanation for this complex topic.

- Target of Opportunity Observations: Ben from Northwestern University inquires about how observatories handle interruptions in their schedules for significant astronomical events. Fred discusses the common practice of prioritizing observations of transient phenomena like supernovae and gravitational waves, shedding light on the intricacies of telescope time management.

- Gravitational Waves Explained: Fenton from Minnesota asks about the nature of gravitational waves and their potential interactions. Fred clarifies how these waves behave similarly to light waves, including their ability to interfere and the variety of frequencies they encompass, making for a fascinating discussion.

For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. (https://www.spacenutspodcast.com/) Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music Music, Tumblr, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favorite platform.

If you’d like to help support Space Nuts and join our growing family of insiders for commercial-free episodes and more, visit spacenutspodcast.com/about (https://www.spacenutspodcast.com/about)

Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.

(00:00) Welcome to Space Nuts with Heidi Campo and Fred Watson

(01:20) Discussion on the search for Planet Nine

(15:00) Exploring the nature of black holes

(25:30) Target of opportunity observations at observatories

(35:00) Understanding gravitational waves and their interactions

For commercial-free versions of Space Nuts, join us on Patreon, Supercast, Apple Podcasts, or become a supporter here: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss)

Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/27647577?utm_source=youtube

Highlights:

- Artemis II Preparations: In this episode, we explore the recent collaboration between NASA and the Department of Defence as they conduct emergency simulations for the Artemis II mission. With plans to send four astronauts around the Moon next year, these crucial rehearsals focus on ensuring crew safety during potential launch emergencies, including realistic scenarios using test mannequins.

- ISS Update: We provide an update on the AX-4 mission delay, with good news from the Russian space agency Roscosmos, confirming that a leak on the International Space Station has been repaired. However, the impact on the prospective launch date remains uncertain.

- Jellyfish Galaxy Discovery: Astronomers have discovered a fascinating galaxy, NGC 4858, which resembles a jellyfish with bunny ears. Situated over 300 million light years away, this galaxy is undergoing extreme pressure within the Coma cluster, leading to its unique shape and the phenomenon of fallback.

- Spotting Mars: Get ready for some celestial excitement as we guide you on how to spot Mars this month. From its close encounters with Regulus to a beautiful crescent Moon passing by, we provide tips on when and where to look in the western sky.

- International Space Development Conference: We discuss the upcoming ISDC 2025 in Orlando, Florida, where space enthusiasts will gather to discuss global collaboration in space exploration, sustainability, and planetary defence strategies, featuring notable speakers from the field.

- Dark Matter Insights: Lastly, we delve into the upcoming Nancy Chris Roman Space Telescope, set to launch in 2026. This telescope aims to enhance our understanding of dark matter through gravitational lensing, potentially providing crucial insights into this enigmatic substance and its role in the universe.

For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io (http://www.astronomydaily.io/) . Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don’t forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.

Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.

Chapters:

00:00 - Welcome to Astronomy Daily

01:10 - Artemis 2 preparations

10:00 - ISS update

15:30 - Jellyfish galaxy discovery

20:00 - Spotting Mars

25:00 - International Space Development Conference

30:00 - Dark matter insights

✍️ Episode References

NASA Artemis Updates

[NASA]( https://www.nasa.gov/ (https://www.nasa.gov/) )

AX-4 Mission Information

[Roscosmos]( https://www.roscosmos.ru/ (https://www.roscosmos.ru/) )

NGC 4858 Research

[Astronomy Journal]( https://www.astronomy.com/ (https://www.astronomy.com/) )

Mars Observation Tips

[Sky & Telescope]( https://skyandtelescope.org/ (https://skyandtelescope.org/) )

ISDC 2025 Information

[ISDC]( https://isdc2025.org/ (https://isdc2025.org/) )

Nancy Chris Roman Space Telescope

[NASA Roman]( https://roman.gsfc.nasa.gov/ (https://roman.gsfc.nasa.gov/) )

Astronomy Daily

[Astronomy Daily]( http://www.astronomydaily.io/ (http://www.astronomydaily.io/) )

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss) .

Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/27632671?utm_source=youtube

Highlights:

- Axiom Mission Delay: In this episode, we discuss the indefinite postponement of the Axiom Space AX-4 mission to the International Space Station, caused by a newly detected air leak in the Russian Zvezda module. NASA and Roscosmos are working diligently to investigate the situation, ensuring the safety of future missions.

- SpaceX Starship Flight 8 Investigation: The FAA has concluded its investigation into the SpaceX Starship Flight 8 mishap, attributing the incident to a hardware failure. We review the corrective measures implemented by SpaceX ahead of their Flight 9 mission and what this means for the future of space exploration.

- Discovery of a Massive Cosmic Cloud: Astronomers have uncovered a colossal cloud of energetic particles enveloping a galaxy cluster, stretching over 20 million light years. This astonishing find challenges existing theories about particle energisation over vast distances, prompting a re-evaluation of our understanding of the universe.

- Ancient Lunar Glass Beads: Explore the fascinating discovery of tiny orange glass beads on the Moon, remnants of ancient volcanic eruptions. New research is uncovering their secrets, providing insights into the Moon's volcanic history and its geological evolution over billions of years.

- The Teenage Vampire Star: Meet Gaia22ayj, a white dwarf star engaging in a unique "vampiric" behaviour by feeding on plasma from a companion star. This discovery offers significant clues to the life cycle of white dwarfs and the dynamics of binary star systems.

- Terraforming Mars: Scientists unveil an ambitious three-phase plan to terraform Mars, aiming to transform the Red Planet into a habitable environment. From warming the planet to introducing engineered organisms, this long-term vision could reshape our understanding of planetary ecosystems and benefit Earth in the process.

For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io (http://www.astronomydaily.io/) . Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don’t forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.

Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.

Chapters:

00:00 - Welcome to Astronomy Daily

01:10 - Axiom mission delay

10:00 - SpaceX Starship Flight 8 investigation

15:30 - Discovery of a massive cosmic cloud

20:00 - Ancient lunar glass beads

25:00 - The teenage vampire star

30:00 - Terraforming Mars

✍️ Episode References

Axiom Space Mission Updates

[NASA]( https://www.nasa.gov/ (https://www.nasa.gov/) )

SpaceX Starship Investigation

[SpaceX]( https://www.spacex.com/ (https://www.spacex.com/) )

Cosmic Cloud Discovery

[Astronomy Journal]( https://www.astronomy.com/ (https://www.astronomy.com/) )

Lunar Glass Beads Research

[Lunar Science Institute]( https://www.lunarscience.org/ (https://www.lunarscience.org/) )

Gaia22ayj Discovery

[Astrophysical Journal]( https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X (https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X) )

Terraforming Mars Research

[Mars Society]( https://www.marssociety.org/ (https://www.marssociety.org/) )

Astronomy Daily

[Astronomy Daily]( http://www.astronomydaily.io/ (http://www.astronomydaily.io/) )

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss) .

Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/27616746?utm_source=youtube

Sponsor Details:

This epiosode is broght to you by NordVPN... the official VPN service of SpaceTime. Get online security at a special SpaceTime price. Details at www.nordvpn.com/stuartgary (https://nordvpn.com/stuartgary)

or use the code STUARTGARY at checkout.

In this episode of SpaceTime , we explore groundbreaking discoveries and significant events unfolding in our universe.

Galactic Collision Course: Two Massive Galaxy Clusters Set for Round Two

Astronomers have observed a rare cosmic event as two massive galaxy clusters, previously collided, are now on a trajectory for another encounter. Located 2.8 billion light-years away, the clusters—designated PSE2G 181.06.48.47—exhibit fascinating structures and shock fronts indicative of their impending collision. We delve into the implications of this rare event and what it reveals about the dynamics of galaxy clusters and dark matter.

NASA's Psyche Mission Switches to Backup Systems

NASA has been compelled to switch to a backup fuel system on its Psyche spacecraft after a drop in fuel pressure was detected in the main propulsion system. We discuss the technical challenges faced by the mission team, the significance of the asteroid Psyche, and what this means for the spacecraft's journey to explore this intriguing metallic asteroid, scheduled for arrival in 2029.

Discovery of a New Atomic Nucleus

For the first time in over three decades, scientists have measured the heaviest nucleus decaying through proton emission. This discovery, involving the lightest known isotope of astatine-188, sheds light on the rare form of radioactive decay and the intricate properties of exotic nuclei. We explore the experimental techniques used and the theoretical implications of this groundbreaking finding.

www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com (https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/)

✍️ Episode References

Astrophysical Journal

https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X (https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X)

NASA Psyche Mission

https://www.nasa.gov/psyche (https://www.nasa.gov/psyche)

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss) .

00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 71 for broadcast on 13 June 2025

01:00 Galactic collision course: Two massive galaxy clusters set for round two

12:15 NASA's Psyche mission switches to backup systems

22:30 Discovery of a new atomic nucleus

30:00 Science report: Unprecedented ocean warming in the South Pacific

Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/27613987?utm_source=youtube

Sponsor Details:

This episode is brought to you by Saily ...your passport to seamless global connectivity. Get your special Space Nuts offer from Saily by visiting www.saily.com/spacenuts (https://saily.com/spacenuts) for a great discount price and a 30-day money-back guarantee.

Collision Course? And the Mysteries of the Aurora

In this captivating episode of Space Nuts , hosts Heidi Campo and Professor Fred Watson delve into a range of astronomical topics that illuminate our understanding of the universe. From the latest findings regarding the fate of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies to the enchanting phenomena of auroras, this episode is sure to spark your cosmic curiosity.

Episode Highlights:

- Milky Way and Andromeda Collision: The episode kicks off with an exciting update on the potential collision between our galaxy and Andromeda. Fred discusses new research suggesting that gravitational influences from nearby galaxies may alter the predicted course of this cosmic encounter, making the odds of a disastrous collision lower than previously thought.

- Understanding Fiducial Models: Heidi and Fred explore the concept of fiducial models in astronomical predictions, clarifying their role in understanding complex orbital dynamics and the challenges of measuring motion across vast cosmic distances.

- The Flying Banana and Aurora Chasers: The duo transitions to a whimsical story about a laser-emitting train dubbed the "Flying Banana," which inadvertently confused aurora hunters with its blue light. Fred shares insights into the aurora borealis and the technology used to monitor and study these stunning natural displays.

- Japanese Moon Mission Setback: The episode also covers the recent setback of the Japanese lunar lander mission, highlighting the challenges faced by space exploration endeavors and the lessons learned from failures.

- Mars Odyssey's Stunning Views: Lastly, Fred discusses the Mars Odyssey orbiter's recent capture of breathtaking images of Martian volcanoes peeking above morning clouds, showcasing the ongoing exploration and discoveries being made on the Red Planet.

For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. (https://www.spacenutspodcast.com/) Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music Music, Tumblr, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favorite platform.

If you’d like to help support Space Nuts and join our growing family of insiders for commercial-free episodes and more, visit spacenutspodcast.com/about (https://www.spacenutspodcast.com/about)

Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.

(00:00) Welcome to Space Nuts with Heidi Campo and Fred Watson

(01:20) Discussion on the Milky Way and Andromeda collision predictions

(15:00) Exploring fiducial models in astronomy

(25:30) The Flying Banana and aurora phenomena

(35:00) Japanese moon mission failure and its implications

(45:00) Mars Odyssey's stunning volcanic views

For commercial-free versions of Space Nuts, join us on Patreon, Supercast, Apple Podcasts, or become a supporter here: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss)

Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/27612670?utm_source=youtube

Highlights:

- Solar Storms and Satellite Impact: In this episode, we delve into the effects of solar storms on our satellites, revealing how geomagnetic storms can accelerate orbital decay. Discover insights from researcher Yoshita Barua on how different types of solar events impact satellite performance and how we can design more resilient spacecraft to withstand these cosmic tempests.

- First Look at the Sun's Poles: Join us as we celebrate a monumental achievement from the European Space Agency's Solar Orbiter, which has provided humanity's first images of the Sun's poles. These groundbreaking visuals offer new perspectives on solar magnetic fields and the dynamics of solar plasma, shedding light on the Sun's complex behaviour.

- Unpacking Black Holes: Prepare for a mind-bending discussion on the mysteries of black holes. We explore recent theories attempting to resolve the singularity conundrum, including the controversial idea that black holes may spawn new universes. Could this be the key to understanding the enigmatic interiors of these cosmic giants?

- SpaceX's Starship Ambitions: Get the latest updates on SpaceX's Starship programme, with exciting developments in Florida as the company prepares for ambitious launch plans. We discuss the implications of the newly released draft Environmental Impact Statement and what it means for future space exploration.

- Uranus's Rusty Moons: Finally, we investigate intriguing new findings about Uranus's moons, which are accumulating dust from tiny meteorite impacts. Discover how this phenomenon challenges previous assumptions about the moons' surface characteristics and the potential role of Uranus's magnetic field.

For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io (http://www.astronomydaily.io/) . Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don’t forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.

Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.

Chapters:

00:00 - Welcome to Astronomy Daily

01:10 - Solar storms and satellite impact

10:00 - First look at the Sun's poles

15:30 - Unpacking black holes

20:00 - SpaceX's Starship ambitions

25:00 - Uranus's dusty moons

✍️ Episode References

Solar Storms Research

[ESA]( https://www.esa.int/ (https://www.esa.int/) )

Solar Orbiter Discoveries

[Solar Orbiter]( https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Solar_Orbiter (https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Solar_Orbiter) )

Black Hole Theories

[Physics Today]( https://www.physicstoday.org/ (https://www.physicstoday.org/) )

SpaceX Starship Updates

[SpaceX]( https://www.spacex.com/ (https://www.spacex.com/) )

Uranus's Moons Research

[Hubble Space Telescope]( https://hubblesite.org/ (https://hubblesite.org/) )

Astronomy Daily

[Astronomy Daily]( http://www.astronomydaily.io/ (http://www.astronomydaily.io/) )

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss) .

Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/27598143?utm_source=youtube

Highlights:

- SpaceX AX-4 Mission Delay: Join us as we discuss the recent postponement of the SpaceX AX-4 mission to the International Space Station due to a liquid oxygen leak detected in the Falcon 9 rocket. We delve into the implications of this delay and the crew's groundbreaking mission, commanded by record-breaking astronaut Peggy Whitson, as they prepare for their two-week stay aboard the ISS.

- Stellar Launch Activity: Discover the bustling launch schedule from SpaceX, including the celebration of their 500th Falcon rocket launch and the upcoming missions for Starlink and Rocket Lab. We highlight the ambitious plans of Amazon's Project Kuiper and the ongoing advancements in satellite technology.

- Revolutionary Vantablack 310: Learn about the newly developed Vantablack 310, a super black paint that could significantly reduce satellite light pollution. This innovation aims to protect astronomical observations from the disruptive effects of mega-constellations, making satellites virtually invisible to the naked eye.

- Stunning JWST Exoplanet Discoveries: Be amazed by the latest breathtaking images from the James Webb Space Telescope, revealing clouds of sand on exoplanet YSES 1c and a swirling disc of olivine around YSES 1b. These findings offer profound insights into the atmospheres of distant worlds and hint at potential cosmic events.

- China's Orbital Refuelling Test: We explore China's upcoming orbital refuelling test involving the Shijian satellites, a significant step towards servicing and extending the lifespan of satellites in orbit. This development has strategic implications for both commercial and military applications.

For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io (http://www.astronomydaily.io/) . Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don’t forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.

Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.

Chapters:

00:00 - Welcome to Astronomy Daily

01:10 - SpaceX AX-4 mission delay

10:00 - Stellar launch activity

15:30 - Revolutionary Vantablack 310

20:00 - Stunning JWST exoplanet discoveries

25:00 - China's orbital refuelling test

✍️ Episode References

SpaceX AXE 4 Mission Updates

[SpaceX]( https://www.spacex.com/ (https://www.spacex.com/) )

Vantablack 310 Research

[Vantablack]( https://www.vantablack.com/ (https://www.vantablack.com/) )

JWST Exoplanet Discoveries

[NASA JWST]( https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/webb/main/index.html (https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/webb/main/index.html) )

China's Shijian Satellites

[China National Space Administration]( http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/ (http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/) )

Astronomy Daily

[Astronomy Daily]( http://www.astronomydaily.io/ (http://www.astronomydaily.io/) )

For Commercial-Free versions become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss) .

Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/27578951?utm_source=youtube

In this episode of SpaceTime , we delve into the cosmos to uncover extraordinary cosmic phenomena, groundbreaking Mars exploration, and innovative asteroid detection technology.

The Most Powerful Cosmic Explosions Since the Big Bang

Astronomers have identified a new class of cosmic events known as extreme nuclear transients (ENTs), which are the most powerful explosions observed since the Big Bang. These events occur when supermassive black holes tear apart stars over three times the mass of our sun, releasing energy that surpasses even the brightest supernovae. We explore the implications of these findings, including how these luminous phenomena can provide insights into black hole growth and the early universe.

NASA's Perseverance Rover Takes a Bite of Ancient Martian Rock

NASA's Perseverance Rover has sampled a potentially ancient rock on Mars known as Crocodilen, located on the Jezero Crater Rim. This area offers vital clues about the planet's watery past and the potential for past life. We discuss the rover's mission, its new sampling strategy, and the significance of the clay minerals found in the region, which could preserve organic compounds.

First Light for Europe's New Killer Asteroid Hunter

The European Space Agency's FlyEye telescope has achieved its first light, marking a new era in the search for near-Earth asteroids that could threaten our planet. Designed to capture a vast region of the sky simultaneously, FlyEye will operate autonomously to detect and track these celestial hazards. We delve into how this innovative technology will enhance our planetary defense efforts and the role it will play in monitoring potential threats.

www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com (https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/)

✍️ Episode References

Science Advances

https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv (https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv)

Nature

https://www.nature.com/nature/ (https://www.nature.com/nature/)

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss) .

00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 70 for broadcast on 11 June 2025

01:00 The most powerful cosmic explosions since the Big Bang

12:15 NASA's Perseverance Rover takes a bite of ancient Martian rock

22:30 First light for Europe's new killer asteroid hunter

30:00 Science report: Global drought severity increases since 1981

Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/27575066?utm_source=youtube

Highlights:

- Europe's Nuclear-Powered Space Travel: Join us as we explore the European Space Agency's exciting plans for nuclear propulsion technology that could revolutionise space travel. This innovative approach aims to reduce the journey to Mars from nine months to just four or five, while also minimising harmful radiation exposure for astronauts. Discover how this technology could pave the way for a new era in space exploration.

- Asteroid 2024 YR4's Lunar Encounter: We discuss the latest updates on asteroid 2024 YR4, which now has a slightly increased chance of impacting the Moon in 2032. With predictions refined by the James Webb Space Telescope, we delve into the implications of this potential encounter and what it means for planetary defence efforts.

- Commercial Launches from Sardinia: Exciting developments in the commercial space sector as Italian company OLM M plans to conduct launch services from Sardinia. With a new rocket named Starlight, designed for suborbital missions, we look at the historical significance of the launch site and what this means for future space endeavours.

- Discovery of Giant Radio Galaxies: Prepare to be amazed as astronomers unveil 15 newly discovered giant radio galaxies, the largest single objects in the universe. We discuss their immense sizes and unique structures, shedding light on the behaviour of supermassive black holes and the cosmic processes that lead to the formation of these colossal entities.

- Infinite Energy in the Vacuum of Space: Dive into the mind-bending concept of zero-point energy, where quantum fields contain infinite energy even in their lowest state. We explore the implications of this theory and why, despite its existence, this energy remains inaccessible for practical use.

For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io (http://www.astronomydaily.io/) . Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don’t forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.

Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.

Chapters:

00:00 - Welcome to Astronomy Daily

01:10 - Europe's nuclear-powered space travel

10:00 - Asteroid 2024 YR4's lunar encounter

15:30 - Commercial launches from Sardinia

20:00 - Discovery of giant radio galaxies

25:00 - Infinite energy in the vacuum of space

✍️ Episode References

European Space Agency Nuclear Propulsion Plans

[ESA]( https://www.esa.int/ (https://www.esa.int/) )

Asteroid 2024 YR4 Updates

[NASA]( https://www.nasa.gov/ (https://www.nasa.gov/) )

OLM M Commercial Launches

[OLM M]( https://www.olm-m.com/ (https://www.olm-m.com/) )

Giant Radio Galaxy Discoveries

[Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder]( https://www.astronomy.com/news/2023/10/scientists-discover-15-new-giant-radio-galaxies (https://www.astronomy.com/news/2023/10/scientists-discover-15-new-giant-radio-galaxies) )

Zero-Point Energy Concept

[Quantum Field Theory]( https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/physics-and-astronomy/quantum-field-theory (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/physics-and-astronomy/quantum-field-theory) )

Astronomy Daily

[Astronomy Daily]( http://www.astronomydaily.io/ (http://www.astronomydaily.io/) )

For Commercial-Free versions become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss) .

Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/27558360?utm_source=youtube

Sponsor Details:

This episode is brought to you with the support of NordVPN - SpaceTimes official VPN service. When it comes to your online privacy, use the one we use and help support the show. To claim your special SpaceTime bonus deal, visit nordvpn.com/stuartgary (https://nordvpn.com/stuartgary) or use the coupon code STUARTGARY at checkout.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into groundbreaking revelations that challenge our understanding of cosmic events and planetary formation.

New Insights on the Milky Way and Andromeda Collision

Recent studies utilizing data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and the European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft cast doubt on the long-anticipated collision between our Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. New simulations indicate only a 2% probability of a merger occurring within the next 3.7 to 5 billion years, suggesting that both galaxies may continue to evolve largely unperturbed for a much longer period. We explore the implications of these findings and the variables that have altered previous predictions about our galactic future.

Understanding Seismic Wave Acceleration in Earth's D Layer

A fascinating new study sheds light on the behavior of seismic waves deep within the Earth. Researchers have discovered that the unique crystal structure of minerals in the D layer, located near the core-mantle boundary, influences the acceleration of seismic waves. This breakthrough not only clarifies the mystery behind seismic wave behavior but also provides insights into the dynamics at play in the Earth's depths.

Discovery of Embryonic Exoplanets Using Advanced Techniques

Astronomers have unveiled a new technique that has successfully identified five new embryonic exoplanets, offering a glimpse into their early formation stages. Utilizing the ALMA radio telescope, researchers can peer through dense protoplanetary disks to detect these young planets, which are forming rapidly in dynamic environments. This revolutionary method opens new avenues for understanding planetary evolution and the processes that govern the birth of new worlds.

www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com (https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/)

✍️ Episode References

Nature Astronomy

https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ (https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/)

Communications Earth and Environment

https://www.nature.com/commsenv/ (https://www.nature.com/commsenv/)

Astrophysical Journal Letters

https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X (https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X)

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss) .

00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 69 for broadcast on 9 June 2025

01:00 New insights on the Milky Way and Andromeda collision

12:15 Understanding seismic wave acceleration in Earth's D layer

22:30 Discovery of embryonic exoplanets using advanced techniques

30:00 Science report: AI systems refusing to turn off

Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/27540907?utm_source=youtube