Expert insights on athlete nutrition timing: GI issues, RED-S, PCOS, and fueling strategies. Learn about tailored snack recommendations.

Q: What recommendations do you have for athletes experiencing amenorrhea or relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)?

A (Dr. Curtis): While not a typical GI condition, amenorrhea and RED-S require a multidisciplinary approach. Often, medication is prescribed to induce a period, but this does not resolve underlying hormone imbalances or decreased bone density. These conditions frequently arise from an athlete's energy deficiency, such as a marathon runner not increasing fuel intake to match activity, leading the body to prioritize survival over non-essential functions like menstruation.

Q: How can athletes add more fuel to help resolve amenorrhea?

A (Poole): It's a myth that athletes should not get their period; it is not normal. Addressing overall energy intake is crucial. In severe cases, decreasing activity while increasing fuel might be necessary. We often work with athletes who are injured or returning to sport, which provides an opportune time to address their fueling needs.

Q: How do you address athletes dealing with PCOS and stress fractures?

A (Dr. Curtis): The culture of sports often pressures athletes toward specific body images or weight classes, which is unhealthy. We must educate athletes that a balanced diet is acceptable and that restrictive diets are not always necessary. Coaches also play a role in fostering a healthier environment.

Q: How do you approach discussing sensitive topics like nutrition and body image with athletes?

A (Dr. Curtis): As a former pediatric sports medicine doctor, I learned the importance of creating a trusting and safe environment. While it's harder to have parents leave the room now in full sports medicine, fostering trust is key.

A (Poole): We focus on the athlete's performance goals, as health often isn't the primary motivator for adolescents. We seek out what truly motivates them to achieve their best performance through proper nutrition.

Q: What are the best snack recommendations for athletes?

A (Bri Poole): Snack recommendations are highly individualized based on what works and what an athlete enjoys. Simple, easily digestible options like GoGo Squeez are generally safe choices.

Q: Are there specific snacks you recommend for gastrointestinal (GI) comfort during exercise?

A (Dr. Curtis): I don't have specific go-to snacks; the focus is on what an individual athlete likes and what doesn't cause GI distress. Suggesting foods they are unwilling to eat can lead to non-compliance.

A (Poole): Simple carbohydrates are typically easy on the GI system around exercise. It's best to stick with foods the athlete has consumed before. Liquid carbohydrates can be a good option as they may sit better for some. While many believe "sugar is bad," simple sugars are the body's preferred fuel source during exercise.

Q: Should athletes track their food intake?

A (Poole): Some athletes have higher or different energy needs, even if they aren't playing intensely. Athletes generally have elevated caloric demands. It's perfectly fine for them to eat snacks, especially when readily available, such as on the sidelines.

Q: How do you approach nutrition planning for athletes from diverse cultural backgrounds or those who observe religious practices like Ramadan?

A (Poole): Always approach with an open and curious mindset. Ask questions to understand cultural practices better, especially regarding fuel timing within non-fasting windows. Work closely with the athlete to create a tailored plan.

A (Dr. Curtis): Meet athletes where they are; you cannot simply forbid them from fasting. I am willing to write letters to coaches if training times need to be adjusted to accommodate an athlete's practices, ensuring they can continue to play safely.

Q: How does pre-exercise nutrition differ for a morning lift versus a morning run?

A (Poole): Many runners prefer not to eat before a run. For shorter runs (e.g., 5 miles or 3k), it can be acceptable if the athlete had sufficient fuel the day prior and will refuel adequately post-run. However, for exercise lasting 50-90 minutes or longer, pre-exercise fuel is essential, particularly for running due to its impact on bone resorption. The specific goals of the runner (e.g., marathon training) also influence recommendations.

Learn about emergency preparedness in youth sports, focusing on cardiac safety, the Project Adam initiative, and the status of the "Heartsafe" program with Tom Woods.

Q: What is the 10-second version of focusing on cardiac emergency preparedness?

A: Review statistics on sudden death in young athletes. Sudden cardiac arrest is the leading cause of death. Target the most likely areas where incidents occur and prioritize time and equipment-sensitive responses.

Q: How did the Damar Hamlin incident negatively impact perceptions of youth sports safety?

A: Some may falsely believe youth athletes are inherently safe because a highly prepared incident was effectively managed in the NFL. However, youth settings lack the extensive resources and numerous providers available in professional sports. This incident highlights the need to increase effective response capabilities and empower more individuals to provide care.

Q: Is youth sports a bigger industry or does it bring in more money?

A: When including grassroots sports, the financial investment in youth sports is substantial. It is crucial to make reasonable investments in equipment, procedures, and policies that maximize safety and efficient use of time to ensure overall safety.

Q: Do club sports typically have athletic trainers (ATs) or automated external defibrillators (AEDs)?

A: This is a critical point; clubs should invest more in youth safety. Efforts like Bob Marley's network aim to bring ATs to these settings. More needs to be done beyond large tournaments, extending to daily operations, especially given that larger clubs may have many teams practicing simultaneously.

Q: What steps are needed for club sports to align on safety protocols?

A: Project Adam and recent legislation offer programs specifically designed to make youth sports cardiac safe. These initiatives provide a framework for clubs to enhance their emergency preparedness.

Q: What are the specifics of Project Adam?

A: Our school became involved with Project Adam after recognizing areas needing attention in our setting. It offers a systematic approach to achieving cardiac safety. Texas Children's Hospital (TCH) is an affiliate site for Project Adam, providing numerous resources.

Q: Why might Project Adam not be widely known?

A: The exact reason is unclear. However, presentations like this provide an opportunity to spread the message. Discussions with directors at TCH and Cook Children's indicate that some areas, like Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW), are more involved. We need to disseminate this information, especially with increased requirements for cardiac responsiveness.

Q: How do schools or districts achieve "Heartsafe" program status?

A: Achieving "Heartsafe" status involves a step-by-step process through Project Adam. Organizations register, complete a checklist, and consult with directors and affiliate contacts for questions. Upon completion, they receive "Heartsafe school/program/district" designation.

Q: Is the "Heartsafe" program similar to SafeSport and currently in process?

A: Yes, it is similar to SafeSport and is an ongoing process.

Q: What legislative action is impacting emergency preparedness?

A: House bills have been passed and are expected to take effect on September 1st, following the governor's signature. This legislation aims to enhance cardiac responsiveness.

Explore expert tips for post-operative ACL rehab, including avoiding pitfalls like lacking extension & recommended biofeedback units.

Q: What is your favorite phase of post-operative care for ACL repair?

A: Phase 2 is a favorite because the athlete is getting off the table, which is exciting both mentally and physically. During this phase, significant gains are made, and progress continues toward returning to running.

Q: What is your biggest tip to avoid pitfalls, such as lacking extension, in post-operative care?

A: Consistently checking and actively feeling for extension daily is crucial. Make it a habit and an integrated part of the treatment flow to catch any issues early. Even a little bit of load when athletes start doing more of their daily activities can affect extension, so early detection is key.

Q: Is lacking extension from one treatment to the next a red flag?

A: It is not necessarily a red flag, but it should definitely be noted. This observation prompts consideration of what might have changed between sessions that could have caused the lack of extension. For example, it might indicate that too much activity was introduced.

Q: Should fibular head mobilizations be immediately used for lacking extension?

A: No, one should not immediately jump to using fibular head mobilizations. However, they can be a successful intervention in certain cases.

Q: Can this ACL rehabilitation program be used for other surgeries?

A: The framework of this ACL rehabilitation program can definitely serve as a guide for other knee surgeries. However, modifications are necessary based on the specific structures that have been surgically altered. For example, a meniscus repair would require avoiding weight-bearing, unlike an isolated ACL reconstruction.

Q: What biofeedback units do you recommend?

A: I recommend Mtrigger. It's an app-based unit with an easy setup, and it can be used more functionally beyond just table exercises. Additionally, it is versatile and can be applied in various other post-operative cases.

Get insights on chest injuries & emergencies from ER physician Dr. Dacia Ticas. Learn about red flags and vital info for athletic trainers.

Q: What drew you to emergency medicine, particularly regarding chest injuries and emergencies?

A: I liked everything and wasn't sure what to commit to. Emergency medicine allowed me to experience a bit of everything, including a wide range of chest injuries.

Q: As an ER physician, what makes you nervous, especially concerning severe chest injuries in children?

A: Pulseless children are concerning. Severe cases with children, such as swelling or edema of the airway where a cricothyrotomy might be necessary, are also very serious.

Q: For athletic training, what are red flags indicating something is truly wrong with an athlete, beyond just being out of shape, regarding potential chest injuries?

A: Being out of shape typically presents as shortness of breath without actual struggle or severe chest pain. Red flags for chest injuries include pale or cyanotic appearance, complaints of severe chest pain, and a visible struggle to breathe.

Q: Is an on-field ultrasound something athletic trainers can perform, or is a physician required for assessing chest injuries?

A: A physician would be required. While we wish it were seen more often, on-field ultrasound has tremendous value in clarifying life-threatening chest injuries.

Q: As athletic trainers are the initial contact for chest injuries, what essential information do you need from us?

A: We will conduct our routine workup regardless. Key information includes what actually happened—e.g., getting hit in the throat versus the chest—whether they collapsed or lost consciousness, and how the patient initially presented and communicated their complaints.

Q: What kind of chest injuries might take a day or two to fully manifest or be definitively diagnosed?

A: Cardiac and pulmonary contusions can take time to develop. Life-threatening issues are typically identified through labs on the day of the incident.

Q: Can you explain Commotio cordis in the context of chest injuries?

A: Commotio cordis involves the ventricles going out of whack due to a flux of ions being disrupted, which is a chemical issue. This happens in a fraction of a second, as highlighted by the Damar Hamlin incident, which brought athletic training to the forefront for chest injuries.

Q: When an athlete experiences chest pain after a hard tackle, when is immediate removal necessary, and when can we "wait and see" for bigger issues related to chest injuries?

A: Often, if you ask an athlete if they can return to play a few plays later, they might indicate they cannot or develop a specific spot of noticeable pain. Lingering pain for a few plays, rather than generalized pain, may be a sign for removal due to a bigger issue, particularly with chest injuries.

Q: Could you share a surprising ER story related to chest injuries?

A: There are many stories. Early in my career, seeing a 4x4 through a chest wall, yet the internal organs were intact, was shocking. As I progressed, medical mysteries became more enticing. DJ Harden's aortic injury after a chest hit, and assessing patient consciousness and bilateral pulse equality, are all crucial in emergency medicine for chest injuries.

Guided practice was the theme for Chris Greenleaf and Mary Williams as they joined Ben and Jeremy at the Sports Medicine Update. Being a preceptor is a growing experience, and the best way I know to grow is to ask experts how they do it.

Learn about facial injury red flags, CSF identification, EAP essentials, and return-to-play guidelines for athletes from Dr. Rehal Bhojani.

Q: What are the red flags for hematomas?

A: Protocols from SCAT6 and other guidelines for hematomas or hemorrhages emphasize watching for loss of consciousness (LOC), altered mental status, and vomiting. Quickly identify these signs to avoid missing late concussions or other critical issues. Ensure the mechanism of injury (MOI) aligns with the trauma; diagnosis is challenging if it doesn't.

Q: How can CSF be identified, and what is the "halo sign" red flag?

A: The halo sign, also known as the ring sign, remains the best indicator for identifying cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is distinct: it has a clear-to-mucous color, is super thin, lighter than water, and does not mix with other fluids. For instance, a soccer player initially diagnosed with a concussion showed a bloody nose and consistent halo sign post-game, necessitating immediate emergency room referral.

Q: What essential elements should be added to an Emergency Action Plan (EAP)?

A: EAPs are becoming more comprehensive, focusing on three key areas. First, ensure resource accessibility by including contacts for ENTs, dentists, and eye doctors. Second, review the EAP regularly, two to three times a year, rather than just annually, using past injury knowledge to proactively improve it. Third, if using AI to draft EAPs, meticulously verify all listed resources.

Q: What items should be included in kits for eye and tooth injuries?

A: For eye and tooth injuries, kits should include 4x4 gauzes, an otoscope, a "Save a Tooth" system, eyedrops, nasal tampons, and Afrin. Physician-approved medications should also be added, along with an ENT kit, which is available online.

Q: What are the risks and benefits of athletic trainers performing sutures on the field?

A: On-field suturing depends on the location and type of laceration, with the cause (e.g., metal object) being crucial due to potential tetanus considerations. Athletes often return to play the same day with sutures. For facial lacerations, specific types and sizes of sutures are used, but caution is advised near the eye. Eyebrows and the skull are generally suitable for suturing if no underlying fracture exists. Control bleeding and inform athletes of the risks associated with playing with sutures; safety is paramount.

Q: When can athletes return to play after tooth injuries?

A: For primary (baby) teeth, if no secondary tooth injury is suspected, return to play (RTP) is generally straightforward. However, secondary tooth injuries involving complex factors can lead to lasting effects. It is important to document whether the injury involves primary versus permanent teeth. For younger children, involve parents to understand the mechanism of injury and the potential for future crown and root fractures.

Q: What current sports medicine trends should recent graduates be aware of or learn in the classroom?

A: Sports medicine is constantly evolving, with increased pressure for accurate decision-making. Recent graduates need to be proficient in current literature and comfortable with shared decision-making and escalating care. As athletic trainers often serve as primary sports medicine providers, they require broad skills across various domains.

Q: How can these emerging sports medicine competencies be effectively taught?

A: Teaching these competencies is challenging due to the need for comprehensive exposure. Educational methods vary by setting, and the field has expanded significantly. Training provides a broad scope, so it's important not to be narrow-minded. Past experiences remain relevant, and post-training, continuous reading and skill refinement are crucial. In a controlled educational environment, students should learn as much as possible, as quickly as possible, to prepare for real-world practice.

Q: What topics are covered in today's breakout session?

A: Today's breakout session focuses on facial injuries, incorporating practical eye, ear, and nasal examinations. The session emphasizes that history-taking accounts for 80% of a diagnosis, with the physical examination comprising the remaining 20%.

Dr. Dominic Maneen shares insights on OMT in sports medicine, covering his AT to DO transition and OMT applications for common conditions.

Q: How did you transition from an Athletic Trainer (ATC) to a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)?

A: I transitioned to practicing sports medicine without surgery, as that field didn't align with my interests. I explored osteopathic medicine, identifying the core difference between DOs and MDs as a dedicated course in osteopathic principles. I maintained my athletic training certification to foster understanding and collaboration with ATCs, and a second course focusing on the musculoskeletal system further ignited my passion. During medical school, I also pursued an MBA, gaining insights into medical billing.

Q: Can you describe your athletic training (AT) experience at HBU?

A: I completed my undergraduate studies at UT, then worked as an ATC for baseball and softball at HBU. I entered the profession serendipitously, drawn by the phrase "sports medicine." It required rapid maturation, as I assumed an adult role despite being only slightly older than the athletes. I collaborated with Richy Valdez and several GAs, and student athletic trainers were indispensable since it was impossible to simultaneously oversee both baseball and softball. I recall an incident involving twin softball players: one sister not playing, the other on deck, with an accidental practice swing hitting the sister, necessitating a golf cart ride to the adjacent facility.

Q: Why is low back pain a significant health concern, and how is it related to depression and lifestyle?

A: Low back pain is the second most common reason people visit the doctor, with depression being the first. Patients typically present with symptoms that indirectly lead to a depression diagnosis, rather than overtly stating "depression." A sedentary lifestyle is often termed "the new smoking" in medicine, leading to tight, unused muscles. Hands-on manipulation therapy can be beneficial, and simple exercises like push-ups can improve posture by strengthening the neck muscles that support the head. Many individuals struggle with core muscle activation; focusing on proper technique and guiding them to engage their core will lead to increased strength over time.

Q: How do you address flat feet in patients?

A: Patients often present with concurrent back and knee pain. Structural analysis can reveal the cause, leading to recommendations for inserts or corrective devices for arch support, rather than immediate surgical intervention. Subsequent efforts focus on improving knee mechanics to alleviate symptoms.

Q: What is your approach to concussion management?

A: Myofascial release may sometimes require trigger point injections. However, most concussion cases can be effectively managed with muscle energy techniques. In older patients, some form of osteopathic manipulation may be necessary.

Q: What are the key anatomy considerations for the neck?

A: It is crucial to understand that the neck's complexity extends beyond superficial muscles like the scalenes and deltoids; smaller, deeper muscles also play a significant role in neck function.

Q: What are your tips for the Athletic Training Room?

A: Prioritize hands-on manipulation therapy and muscle energy techniques with athletes, rather than solely relying on stationary bikes or treadmills for warm-up.

Learn how to optimize hamstring recovery for peak performance with insights and key Q&A from Brian Duncan, PT, DPT, OCS, SCS.

Q: Is fascial length more critical than strength for hamstring recovery?

A: Fascial length is not necessarily more important than strength, but the body adapts from training, loading, and sprinting. However, sprinting alone is insufficient for optimal hamstring recovery.

Q: How can fascial length be tested in athletic training (ATR)?

A: Currently, there is no way to palpate fascial length. It can only be observed on MRI or ultrasound as imaging techniques improve. An NFL-funded trial is ongoing, examining hamstring injuries and investigating various factors with imaging across several colleges.

Q: How does adjusting knee positioning impact hamstring rehabilitation?

A: Varying the amount of knee flexion or extension can increase hamstring length and load depending on the specific area of the hamstring. Training hip extension can place more load on the proximal hamstring tendon. Most hamstring injuries occur at the myotendinous junction (proximal), while injuries within the muscle belly tend to heal better.

Q: What are the challenges in hamstring rehabilitation for high-level athletes?

A: The higher the level of competition, the more complex the situation becomes, often involving "more cooks in the kitchen." This raises questions about collaboration between different coaches and the athletic trainer. Communication and planning can be challenging in these scenarios, impacting hamstring recovery.

Q: Is high-intensity sprinting the most important aspect of hamstring recovery, and what are the considerations for progression?

A: High-intensity sprinting is considered most important, but a lack of planning may be an issue. There is a significant load difference between an 80% sprint and a 100% sprint, with a substantial increase in eccentric load at maximum effort. The length the hamstring travels between 80% and 100% sprint is no different. A gradual progression back into previous activities is often necessary for effective hamstring recovery. Running more than nine sprints in a session can lead to further hamstring injury.

Q: Can AI, such as ChatGPT, replace athletic trainers?

A: AI is only as effective as the user and the questions asked. For example, it can build a maintenance program. When asked to include high-speed running and eccentric loading, it then asked if a weekly microcycle was needed. Hopefully, it will not replace athletic trainers' jobs but instead help them to excel at them, especially in optimizing hamstring recovery.

Q: What are the key takeaways for athletic trainers from this presentation on hamstring recovery?

A: Athletic trainers should start eccentric training early (at a pain level less than 4/10) and incorporate sprinting (running) as soon as possible. It is also crucial to communicate with coaches to target at-risk position groups with maintenance plans throughout the season and to incorporate banded Nordic hamstring curls to maximize range of motion.

Q: What is the role of maintenance programs in athletic training, especially concerning hamstring injuries throughout a season?

A: Maintenance programs are vital throughout the season to prevent recurrences and soft tissue injuries. During SAC camps, the key is to prevent overtraining and identify athletes who don't self-regulate. Sprint training should occur early in SAC camp or during the day's workout before lifting. For in-season maintenance, hamstring work should be incorporated on match day and two days after, ideally 3-4 days before the next match day.

Limb Alignment & Leg Length Discrepancies: Key Takeaways

Guest: Brennan Roper, MD

Discussion Points:

Magnet-Based Leg Lengthening: Explore cutting-edge technology utilizing rods implanted in bone and an at-home magnet for non-invasive leg lengthening. This innovative approach allows for daily progress monitoring by providers, offering a minimally invasive alternative to traditional manual methods.

Precision in Magnet Use: Understand the critical importance of using the correct magnet, placement, and parameters for effective leg lengthening outcomes.

Understanding Leg Asymmetry: Learn that some degree of leg length asymmetry is normal. However, significant discrepancies warrant prompt medical attention, as early intervention can lead to less invasive treatment options.

When to Seek Medical Advice: Recognize the importance of consulting a physician for any concerns regarding limb alignment, especially if a discrepancy exceeds 5mm or 1 cm.

Specialized Care for Discrepancies: Discover why seeking a specialist for limb length discrepancies is crucial, rather than relying on general clinics or ready clinics.

Supplementation for Teens: Discuss the role of Vitamin D supplementation, particularly for teenagers, due to potential dietary deficiencies. Calcium supplementation may also be considered based on laboratory findings.

Long-Term Prognosis: Examine how the long-term impact of limb length discrepancies is influenced by the degree of the discrepancy and treatment goals. Even small differences, like 2mm, can allow for a quick return to sports after incision healing, with "guided growth" being a viable option for minor discrepancies.

Miserable Malalignment Syndrome: Gain insight into this condition, characterized by knee or hip pain and a feeling of being "off," despite a seemingly neutral external appearance. This syndrome often involves internal rotation of the femur, knee valgus (knock-knee), and external rotation of the tibia.

Tolerance for Differences: Understand that small leg length differences (2, 3, or 4mm) are generally well-tolerated, while angular discrepancies tend to be less so.

Shortlink:SportsMedicineBroadcast.com/LimbAlignmentWebsite: http://utphysicians.com/provider/brennan-roper/