This episode has serious Adult Content
Episode 75: The Sexual Miseducation of Religious Adolescents
Spurred by Dr. Shloimie Zimmerman’s recent book titled
“From Boys to Men,” Rabbi Kivelevitz chairs this panel
discussion with Pro. Juni and Rabbi Shmuel Skaist who is a
noted educator, mentor, and psychotherapist specializing in
sexual addictions. Dr. Zimmerman’s underlying premise, which
the panelists fully endorse, is that adolescents will persist in
some sexual behaviors (especially masturbation) regardless of
any educational efforts. R. Kivelevitz applauds the book as a
valiant effort to deal with the “guilt spirals” which youngsters
experience around masturbation, especially as the book could
potentially result in a backlash from the organized religious
educational establishment. Prof. Juni notes that such reactions
have been commonplace toward researchers who broached
sexual taboos even in academia (e.g., the Kinsey Reports).
Juni’s main critique of the book highlights its narrowness of
focus. His specific points are: 1) Masturbation should not be
stressed to the exclusion of other challenges of adolescent
sexuality (e.g., pornography); 2) The book should not be
limited to boys while excluding girls; 3) The issue of
homosexuality cannot be ignored; 4) The book should not have
been addressed to parents / educators; rather it would best be
addressed to adolescents; 5) Since the intent is to minimize
tension and maladjustment of adolescents, the main focus
should be on sexual development issues rather than Halachic
challenges. Expanding on the latter point, Juni notes the
emotional difficulties around sexual development among
religious youth does NOT revolve around the violation of
religious percepts. Rather, they are driven by erroneous
assumptions by the young person that s/he is different from
his/her peers and that there is something wrong with her/him
– which is often verbalized as “I must be crazy.” These issues
are identical to those of irreligious youth. Thus, claims Juni, all
that is needed here is a very precise message which stresses
statistical normality rather than Halachic percepts. That
message – The behaviors you engage in related to sexual
curiosity -- including masturbation, sexual exploration with
others, and porn watching -- are behaviors which ALL of your
peers (including your religious peers) engage in very
frequently. That message would dispel the erroneous
assumptions which drive the guilt spiral and emotional
pathology among youngsters, even when they are taught that
these behaviors violate Halacha.
R. Skaist argues forcefully that what is needed to deal with the
decompensatory results of miseducation is a concerted effort
to teach what is normal, rather than being limited to teaching
what behaviors are not desirable. Adolescents need to know
that sexuality should be part of a general emotionally positive
relationship with another individual which includes much more
than physical interaction. R. Skaist also deplores the
differential tracks in sex education of boys vs. girls, which then
potentially portends relationship problem in marital couples.
Juni amplifies this position by noting that members of each
gender often end up with a negative perception of their
spouses as they conflate their negative views of sexuality with
R. Kivelevitz explores the Halachic stance toward masturbation
with Dr. Juni and R. Skaist. Apparently, some authorities view
the ban on masturbation as applying solely to cases where it is
used as a method of birth prevention by a married couple.
Knowing that some authorities are not categorically opposed
to masturbation may suffice to minimize the overwhelming
guilt which some religious adolescents experience.
R. Kivelevitz raises the issue of pornography viewing. R. Skaist
dispels some erroneous ideas of how explicit sexual material
might be used in psychotherapy. He argues that the real
danger of pornography is that it leaves viewers with false ideas
and unrealistic perceptions of what sexuality entails, with the
chief deficit being that it eschews the crucial interpersonal
component in an emotional relationship. Taking this a step
further, Prof. Juni argues that the accurate depiction of
sexuality does NOT constitute pornography unless it enhances
sexual depersonalization, one-sidedness, or abuse.
Since both of the panel’s experts agree that misinformation is
behind sexual maladjustment which occurs during
adolescence, R. Kivelevitz raises the argument used by some
that co-education minimizes distortions about the other
gender and enhances cross-gender relationship capacity at this
crucial developmental stage. While the panelists agreed that
youngsters raised in co-ed environments have a better sense
of the other gender at an earlier age, these youngsters are still
described as subject to the vagaries of misinformation. As R.
Skaist puts it, “they still have problems, although the problems
R. Kivelevitz concludes from Dr. Zimmerman’s approach that it
would make sense for Yeshivos to offer greater variety in
activities, sports, and leisure to distract youngsters from sexual
preoccupation. While agreeing that such a variety would be
beneficial to all, the panelists argue that “distractions” from
sexuality are not psychologically effective or feasible, and
certainly would not address the problem at hand. Rather,
proper education – especially one that counters
misconceptions and harmful notions – is the key to proper
Prof. Juni is one of the foremost research psychologists in the world today. He has published ground-breaking original research in seventy different peer reviewed journals and is cited continuously with respect by colleagues and experts in the field who have built on his theories and observations.
He studied in Yeshivas Chaim Berlin under Rav Yitzchak Hutner, and in Yeshiva University as a Talmid of Rav Joseph Dov Soloveitchik. Dr. Juni is a board member of the Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists and has regularly presented addresses to captivated audiences. Associated with NYU since 1979, Juni has served as Director of PhD programs, all the while heading teams engaged in cutting-edge research. Professor Juni's scholarship on aberrant behavior across the cultural, ethnic, and religious spectrum is founded on psychometric methodology and based on a psychodynamic psychopathology perspective. He is arguably the preeminent expert in Differential Diagnostics, with each of his myriad studies entailing parallel efforts in theory construction and empirical data collection from normative and clinical populations.
Professor Juni created and directed the NYU Graduate Program in Tel Aviv titled Cross-Cultural Group Dynamics in Stressful Environments. Based in Yerushalayim, he collaborates with Israeli academic and mental health specialists in the study of dissonant factors and tensions in the Arab-Israeli conflict and those within the Orthodox Jewish community, while exploring personality challenges of second-generation Holocaust survivors.
Below is a partial list of the professional journals where Professor Juni has published 120 theoretical articles and his research findings (many are available online):
Journal of Forensic Psychology; Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, and Trauma; International Review of Victimology; The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease; International Forum of Psychoanalysis; Journal of Personality Assessment; Journal of Abnormal Psychology; Journal of Psychoanalytic Anthropology; Psychophysiology; Psychology and Human Development; Journal of Sex Research; Journal of Psychology and Judaism; Contemporary Family Therapy; American Journal on Addictions; Journal of Criminal Psychology; Mental Health, Religion, and Culture.
As Rosh Beis Medrash, Rabbi Avraham Kivelevitz serves as Rav and Posek for the morning minyan at IDT. Hundreds of listeners around the globe look forward to his weekly Shiurim in Tshuvos and Poskim and Gaonic Literature.
Rav Kivelevitz is a Maggid Shiur for Dirshu International in Talmud and Halacha as well as a Dayan with the Beth Din of America.