This section of the Texas Penal Code establishes legal definitions and criminal penalties for various telecommunications-related crimes. The statutes prohibit the unauthorized use of services by industry insiders and criminalize the theft of services through deceptive means or fraudulent equipment. Specifically, it is illegal to manufacture, possess, or distribute counterfeit hardware or instructions intended to bypass security and payment systems. The law also addresses modern digital deception by banning the manipulation of caller identification data with the intent to harm or defraud others. Penalties range from misdemeanors to first-degree felonies, often scaling based on the financial value of the stolen service or the defendant's prior criminal history. These regulations ensure that both service providers and consumers are protected from the misuse of communications technology and infrastructure.

This excerpt from the Texas Penal Code establishes the legal framework for identifying and prosecuting computer-related crimes within the state. It begins by providing precise technical definitions for terms such as "access," "data," and "encryption" to ensure clarity in judicial proceedings. The document outlines specific prohibited activities, including unauthorized security breaches, the distribution of ransomware, and the online solicitation of minors. It further addresses specialized offenses like tampering with electronic voting machines and illegal online impersonation designed to harm others. Penalties are systematically categorized based on the financial damage caused, the sensitivity of the data compromised, and whether the targets involve critical infrastructure or government systems. Finally, the text identifies legal defenses and allows for the Attorney General to assist local prosecutors in complex digital investigations.

This excerpt from the Texas Penal Code establishes the legal framework for identifying and punishing fraudulent activities and deceptive business practices. It provides precise definitions for forgery, credit card abuse, and identity theft, while also addressing specialized crimes like commercial bribery and the exploitation of vulnerable populations. The statutes outline various criminal classifications, ranging from minor misdemeanors to first-degree felonies, primarily based on the monetary value of the stolen property or services. Furthermore, the text detail protections against modern threats such as counterfeit gift cards, digital phishing, and the use of artificially generated media to commit financial abuse. Specialized sections also target fraud related to real property, military records, academic products, and the malicious solicitation of disaster victims.

This excerpt from the Texas Penal Code establishes the comprehensive legal framework for theft-related offenses within the state. It provides precise definitions for essential terms like deception, appropriation, and effective consent, while unifying various historical crimes into a single consolidated theft statute. The text details specific violations involving personal property, services, trade secrets, and real estate, including specialized categories such as cargo, mail, and catalytic converters. Furthermore, it outlines a grading system for punishments that scales based on the economic value of the stolen items or the involvement of vulnerable victims and critical infrastructure. Finally, the statutes dictate legal presumptions of criminal intent, such as those involving insufficient funds for checks or the failure to return rented equipment.

The provided excerpts from the Texas Highway Patrol BPOC Student Manual offer a comprehensive overview of various sections within the Texas Transportation Code and related statutes, focusing heavily on rules and enforcement. Topics covered include detailed registration requirements and exceptions for various vehicle types, such as farm equipment and temporary permits, alongside specific regulations for driver licensing, including classifications, restrictions for new residents and minors, and occupational licenses. Crucially, the text outlines several criminal offenses related to vehicle operation, such as the definitions of criminally negligent homicide and manslaughter, violations involving traffic control devices and signs (like flaggers and barricades), and detailed rules for proper license plate display and vehicle equipment like safety belts and window tint. Finally, the manual also addresses procedures for responding to motor vehicle collisions, regulations for specialized vehicles like electric bicycles and off-highway vehicles, and the laws concerning implied consent for intoxication offenses and illegal dumping (litter).

This excerpt from the Texas Penal Code, Chapter 30, defines various offenses related to Burglary and Criminal Trespass. It begins by establishing key definitions for terms like "Habitation," "Building," and "Vehicle," which are critical for the subsequent sections. The text then details the crime of Burglary, outlining the conditions for committing the offense, including intent and unauthorized entry, and specifies the various felony degrees assigned based on the location, such as a habitation or a commercial building storing controlled substances. Furthermore, the chapter covers specific instances of theft, like Burglary of Coin-Operated or Coin Collection Machines and Burglary of Vehicles, each with defined penalties and criteria for entry. Finally, it elaborates on general Criminal Trespass, defining what constitutes notice of forbidden entry, outlining numerous exceptions and defenses, particularly for license holders carrying concealed or openly carried handguns in restricted areas.

The provided text outlines Chapter 29 of the Texas Penal Code, which defines different types of robbery offenses. Specifically, the code first defines key terms such as "in the course of committing theft" and what constitutes "property." Section 29.02 establishes the core crime of Robbery, detailing that an offense occurs when an individual commits theft by causing bodily injury or threatening immediate harm or death. A more serious crime, Aggravated Robbery, is defined in Section 29.03 and includes acts like causing serious injury, using a deadly weapon, or targeting a person who is elderly or disabled. Finally, the chapter includes Section 29.04, which defines the offense of Jugging, involving the intent to commit theft of money while following another person from a financial institution while in possession of criminal instruments. These offenses are categorized as felonies of varying degrees, from state jail felonies up to first-degree felonies.

The provided text is an excerpt from the Texas Penal Code, Chapter 28, focusing on offenses related to property damage or destruction, including arson and criminal mischief. The chapter begins by establishing specific definitions for terms such as "habitation," "building," and "property" within the context of these offenses. It extensively details the crime of arson, outlining various degrees of felony based on intent, recklessness, and the nature of the property damaged, such as endangering life or destroying a habitation. Furthermore, the text defines criminal mischief and graffiti, providing a detailed scale of penalties that are heavily dependent upon the amount of pecuniary loss resulting from the damage or destruction. Finally, the chapter addresses specific offenses like reckless damage, interference with railroad property, and damaging a critical infrastructure facility, establishing conditions under which a defendant's interest in the property does not constitute a defense.

The provided text contains excerpts from the Texas Penal Code, Chapter 25, which outlines various offenses against the family. These statutes criminalize acts such as Bigamy, including marrying or cohabiting with a person other than one's legal spouse, and Prohibited Sexual Conduct, which defines incestuous relationships. Other offenses covered include Interference with Child Custody and related crimes like enticement and remunerated abduction, which prohibit actions that violate court orders or unlawfully remove a child. Furthermore, the code establishes penalties for Criminal Nonsupport, Harboring a Runaway Child, and various violations of protective court orders related to family violence, stalking, and bias-motivated offenses. Finally, the chapter addresses the Sale or Purchase of a Child and Unregulated Custody Transfer of adopted children, imposing felony penalties for these violations.

The provided text contains excerpts from the Texas Penal Code, Chapter 22, focusing extensively on assaultive offenses and related crimes against persons. Specifically, the statutes define various forms of offenses, including Assault, Sexual Assault, Aggravated Assault, Aggravated Sexual Assault, Indecent Assault, Injury to a Child, Elderly Individual, or Disabled Individual, Abandoning or Endangering a Child, Deadly Conduct, Terroristic Threat, Aiding Suicide, Tampering with Consumer Product, Leaving a Child in a Vehicle, and Harassment by Persons in Certain Facilities. The legal definitions are detailed, outlining the specific conduct, mental states (e.g., intentionally, knowingly, recklessly), and grading of the penalties, which range from misdemeanors to first-degree felonies, often escalating based on the victim's status or the severity of the injury. Furthermore, the sections address various defenses and exceptions applicable to these assaultive offenses, such as consent and certain medical procedures.