Muharram is the Islamic New Year, or Hijrah, and is celebrated on the first day of the month Muharram. Hijrah is celebrated as New Year as it represents Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD. Even though there aren't any specific rituals you have to do on Hijrah, Muslims like to use it as a time to reflect and anticipate the coming year. In the Islamic religion, there are 4 sacred months. Muharram is one of those 4 months and it means “forbidden”, forbidden from warfare and fighting. This holiday is part of the Islamic lunar calendar, which is based on the moon instead of the sun and it usually falls around August. This year, in 2020, it is on August 20th.
Muslims also observe the 10th day of Muharram known as the Day of Ashura. While Ashura means different things to the two main groups of Islam, the Sunni, and Shia, it is still one of the very important holidays in the Islamic religion.
For Sunni Muslims, Ashura is a holiday of reflection and peace. On this day, they celebrate Moses liberating the Israelites from Egypt when Moses parts the Red Sea so they could cross. On this day, many maintain silence and fasting for the whole day. If they choose not to fast, they will eat a dessert called Ashure, or Noah’s Pudding because Ashura is also the day that Noah left his ark after the Genesis Flood ended.
For Shia Muslims, Ashura is a much more solemn holiday commemorating the death of Hussein Ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad, during the War of Karbala in 680 AD. In memory of him, Shia Muslims across the globe participate in various activities that include: reading the text called Ziyarat Ashura which is about Hussein Ibn Ali, reenacting the War of Karbala, and having parades wearing black clothes and beating their chest.
https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/articles/the-islamic-new-year-what-is-muharram/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharram
https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/muharram-2019-story-behind-hijri-new-year-10-facts-to-know-about-this-day/story-03oVzHP95zAMcfOHL5uuXI.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijri_year#:~:text=5%20Notes-,Definition,Julian%20equivalent%20was%20April%2019.
https://travel.earth/muharram-the-festival/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashura
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashure
https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Husayn-ibn-Ali-Muslim-leader-and-martyr
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_New_Year
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