In this second episode of the (open-ended) device-to-cloud series, I'm talking about the four basic patterns of device information exchange and then start investigating the trickiest of these patterns, Commands, using a simple HTTP web service on the Arduino Ethernet board. The four basic patterns are Telemetry, Inquiries, Commands, and Notifications. Telemetry is the flow of information about the current or temporally aggregated state of the device or the state of its environment (e.g. readings from its sensors) from the device to some other party. The information flow is unidirectional and away from the device. Inquiries are questions that the device has about the state of the outside world based on its current circumstances; an inquiry can be a singular query akin to a database lookup, but it might also ask a service to supply a steady flow of information. For instance, the aforementioned toaster will ask for the weather and get a singular response, but a vehicle might supply a set of geo-coordinates for a route and ask for continuous traffic alert updates about particular route until it arrives at the destination. Only the former of these cases is the regular request/response case that HTTP is geared towards. Commands are service-initiated instructions sent to the device. Commands can tell a device to send information about its state – either as a point-in-time observation or over continuously some period – or to change the state of the device, including performing activities with effects in the physical world. That includes, for instance, sending a command from a smartphone app to unlock the doors of your vehicle, whereby the command first flows to an intermediating service and from there it's routed to the vehicle's onboard control system. Notifications are one-way, service-initiated messages that inform a device or a group of devices about some environment state they're otherwise not aware of. Cities may broadcast information about air pollution alerts sugges