Marking the 20th Anniversary of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Twenty years after the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the ICC is thought to be in crisis. Despite the many successes, including completing the institution-building process and the Court's emerging jurisprudence, the ICC is also facing a number of challenges. Universality, independence, effectiveness and efficiency, but also cooperation and the relationship with national courts have challenged the ICC’s operation to date. In light of the 20th anniversary of the Rome Statute, the lecture considers some of the Court’s achievements and reviews the above challenges affecting the fulfilment of the ICC’s mandate to end impunity.