Systems Thinking and Beyond

The AI team takes a deep dive into research that began with the question, “Why do systems engineering textbooks cover such different material while claiming to represent the same discipline?”. The research investigates the evolution of systems engineering over seven decades, hypothesizing a paradigm shift rather than mere topical variation in literature. Utilizing AI-assisted analysis of textbooks from 1950 to 2023, the study identifies three evolutionary phases: an initial engineering science dominance, a subsequent transition period, and a current fragmentation characterized by the predominance of administrative approaches. The paper argues that this shift, from emphasizing analytical problem-solving to focusing on process coordination, has significant implications for education and practice, potentially explaining inconsistencies and challenges in the field. It also highlights how Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and INCOSE certifications may reinforce the administrative paradigm, calling for further systematic validation of these preliminary findings.

The preliminary analysis suggests a fundamental transformation in systems engineering. While the findings require validation through more rigorous research, they offer a framework for understanding disciplinary fragmentation. The paper advocates for "thoughtful integration that preserves the problem-solving capabilities necessary for breakthrough innovation as core professional competence, while maintaining the organizational coordination benefits of formal administrative process frameworks as supporting professional capabilities." This "systematic integration of both paradigms" is seen as the "greatest challenge and the greatest opportunity for the future of systems engineering education and practice."

The AI team take a deep dive into a 30-year old book, "Applying Total Quality Management to Systems Engineering," explores various facets of systems engineering within a Total Quality Management (TQM) framework. It details the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), outlining phases from requirements definition and design to implementation, testing, and maintenance. The author emphasizes the importance of cost-effective engineering, process improvement, and risk mitigation, introducing concepts like anticipatory testing and metrics for product and process quality. Furthermore, the text examines contractual considerations, proposal development, and the critical role of effective communication and teamwork in achieving successful project outcomes, concluding with discussions on professional ethics and organizational improvement strategies.

Save money, the book is available from pre-owned or used book suppliers are very reasonable prices.

The AI team take a deep dive into a webinar in which Dr Joseph Kasser, outlines the top five reasons for difficulties in writing good requirements and proposes solutions. It highlights innovations in systems engineering, project management, and postgraduate education developed by the author. Kasser introduces unique learning programs utilizing the "Evercourse" lifelong learning format to address these challenges.

The webinar emphasizes practical knowledge and experience, offering affordable membership for professionals seeking to improve their skills. Ultimately, it serves as an invitation to learn more about overcoming common pitfalls in requirement writing through Kasser's methodologies.

Further information may be found at https://therightrequirement.com/educational-opportunities/how-to-write-good-requirements/

To find out how to join the course and its unique affordable cost, book a free call via the contact form at https://therightrequirement.com/the-right-requirement/contact/

The AI team take a deep dive into Professor Hitchins concept of reference models for understanding systems, introducing his Generic Reference Model (GRM) from 1992, which encompasses form, function, and behavior. The text elaborates on these three aspects and then presents the Hitchins Viable Systems Model (H-VSM) as an evolution of the GRM's function model. The H-VSM is depicted as a layered model for analyzing open, autonomous, and viable systems, applicable to various entities from individuals to organizations. Practical application of the H-VSM through an Open/Operational Systems Engineering (OSE) approach is described, emphasizing mission and viability management. They also discuss how the H-VSM can be instantiated for dynamic simulations, such as a naval destroyer in combat, and even anthropomorphically. Ultimately, Hitchins presents a comprehensive framework for understanding and designing effective systems.

The AI team take a deep dive into a systems thinking workshop designed to equip individuals with methods and tools for managing complex systems effectively. This hands-on virtual workshop utilizes a unique format involving pre-recorded lectures and live sessions focused on discussing participant exercises. This innovative approach is rooted in prior work, including the balanced classroom pedagogy which advocates for blending various teaching techniques, and the Evercourse lifelong learning model that emphasizes self-paced learning and interactive live sessions. These related concepts aim to enhance learning outcomes in technical fields like systems engineering and project management by incorporating practical application and continuous feedback.

The live session of the workshop is being held in SE Training's FREE one-day conference on Conquering Complexity 2025 in Zurich on 27 May 2025 between 11:15 and 12:30 local time. However, since the live session is being help via Zoom, attendance is open to anyone, anywhere.

To register, use the form at https://www.se-training.net/se-training-conquering-complexity/

Our AI team takes a deep dive into a 2011 INCOSE symposium paper which argues that systems engineering lacks a unifying theory. The authors, Dr Joseph Kasser and Prof Derek Hitchins, identify disparate camps within the field, characterized by differing focuses on processes, problems, or the discipline itself. They propose a solution: seven principles for designing "solution systems," aiming to improve systems engineering practice by focusing on the outcome rather than the process.

These principles emphasize a clear objective, comprehensive concept of operations, and holistic system design through modular subsystems. The goal is to achieve the level of success seen in NASA's Apollo program.

The paper may be found at https://therightrequirement.com/pubs/2011/Unifying%20systems%20engineering-2.pdf

The AI team take a deep dive into a presentation made to the BCS in 2023 which details Dr. Joseph Kasser's experiences improving e-learning, spanning from 1997 to 2022. He describes overcoming challenges in early online learning using limited technology, developing effective asynchronous and synchronous class formats, and creating innovative capstone projects. His approach involved systems engineering principles, focusing on stakeholder needs and iterative development. He highlights the evolution of his teaching methods, including a "balanced classroom" model and a novel lifelong learning program, emphasizing real-world problem-solving and peer collaboration. The text also analyzes student performance and feedback across different teaching methods.

Out AI team take a deep dive into a 2000 conference paper which applied systems thinking to propose solutions to the shortage of qualified instructors in graduate-level Information Technology programs. The core idea is collaborative teaming among universities, using distance education technology to leverage global expertise and overcome geographical limitations. This approach, involving various teaching formats, aims to improve course quality, update curriculum, and address intellectual property concerns. Alternative models are explored, such as a customer-contractor relationship between universities and instructors, enhancing flexibility and competition. Ultimately, the paper advocates for a distributed model of education, leveraging the World Wide Web to create a truly global learning experience.

The paper may be found at https://therightrequirement.com/pubs/2000/unisadl.pdf

The AI team take a deep dive into Analysis of Alternatives (AoA), a method for making informed resource allocation decisions, used particularly within government agencies like the OMB and DoD. It outlines four maturity levels of AoA, ranging from justifying a single alternative (Level 0) to a robust multi-dimensional analysis incorporating uncertainty (Level 3). The author critiques existing OMB (Level 1) and DoD (Level 2) approaches, advocating for a Level 3 approach that integrates a comprehensive decision-making process, including uncertainty analysis and stakeholder input. The paper emphasizes the importance of accurate estimations, risk assessment, and a holistic decision-making framework for effective resource allocation. Finally, it suggests using tools like Accord™ to support Level 3 AoA studies.

While the paper is dated, the method is just as applicable today as it was when introduced.

The AAI team take a deep dive into the book "Perceptions of systems engineering" which presents a comprehensive examination of systems engineering, exploring its multifaceted nature. The author, a highly experienced systems engineer, analyzes various perspectives on systems engineering, including the "A" and "B" paradigms, highlighting the importance of holistic thinking and the need for a common vision in project planning. The text also examines different methodologies, tools, and models used in the field, and offers insights into improving systems engineering practices and education. Ultimately, it proposes a refined approach, the "Nine-System Model," designed to address inherent complexities and enhance project success.