Paul and Grok (an LLM) examine fundamental aspects of large language models, focusing on how tokens and context windows operate. Tokens, defined as textual units (words or word pieces), are the basis for all model processing and cost calculations. The “context window” is described as the LLM’s short-term memory, determining how much information can be handled at once.

The discussion highlights th

🎙️ _Hosted by Paul at Talking to AI — where real people, real problems, and real conversations meet artificial intelligence._

Paul and Grok (an LLM) examine fundamental aspects of large language models, focusing on how tokens and context windows operate. Tokens, defined as textual units (words or word pieces), are the basis for all model processing and cost calculations. The “context window” is described as the LLM’s short-term memory, determining how much information can be handled at once.

The discussion highlights th

🎙️ _Hosted by Paul at Talking to AI — where real people, real problems, and real conversations meet artificial intelligence._

The episode examines how large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, Grok, and Gemini handle tasks through the concept of tokens and context windows. The discussion centers on how tokenization governs memory usage, cost structure, and the technical trade-offs between local and cloud deployment.

Key insights include a breakdown of what tokens are, how different prompts and chat histories contribute

🎙️ _Hosted by Paul at Talking to AI — where real people, real problems, and real conversations meet artificial intelligence._

In this episode, we explore the concerns and questions parents may have about traveling by air with a young baby. The conversation with AI focuses on what to expect when flying with an infant, from practical tips to emotional reassurances for new parents.

Listeners will gain insight into the logistics and considerations involved in preparing for a flight with a baby, ensuring a smoother and more comfortable journey for both parent and child. This episode is ideal for parents planning their first flight with their little one, or anyone curious about navigating air travel with very young children.

🎙️ _Hosted by Paul at Talking to AI — where real people, real problems, and real conversations meet artificial intelligence._

In this episode, Paul explores the creative and emotional capabilities of ChatGPT through a personal experiment. He uses one of ChatGPT's music-making features to generate a song based on a simple and heartfelt prompt about parenting and the struggles of feeding a newborn. The resulting AI-generated song, 'Feed Me,' surprises Paul with its emotional depth and resonance, sparking a broader conversation about the changing landscape of creativity and art in the age of artificial intelligence.

Paul reflects on the mixed emotions triggered by experiencing an AI produce music that evokes genuine human feelings. While impressed by the quality of the lyrics and the ambiguous, nuanced meaning captured by the AI, he also grapples with existential questions about redundancy, creativity, and the future of human artistic expression. The episode ultimately raises important concerns and excitement about how AI is transforming not just music production, but the very definition of what it means to create art.

Listeners are invited to consider their own responses to AI-driven creativity and where the boundary between human and machine artistry might lie in the future.

🎙️ _Hosted by Paul at Talking to AI — where real people, real problems, and real conversations meet artificial intelligence._

In this episode of Talking to AI, host Paul dives deep into the controversial changes brought by Bitcoin Core v30, which significantly increases the OP_RETURN data limit in Bitcoin transactions. With the new upgrade, the allowable data in an OP_RETURN field has jumped from 80 bytes to a staggering 100,000 bytes, enabling users to embed larger metadata or even entire protocols onto the Bitcoin blockchain. This change, while heralded by some as a crucial step for innovation—especially for Layer 2 solutions and tokenization—has sparked serious concerns among Bitcoin purists and network operators about potential blockchain bloat and attacks.

Through an in-depth conversation with Grok, Paul explores how these larger OP_RETURN payloads could shrink the effective transaction throughput, invite spam or denial-of-service attacks, and drive up transaction fees, potentially making the network less accessible to everyday users. The conversation covers the technical ramifications of the change, including a comparison of average transaction sizes, costs to fill a block, and the theoretical limits of fee market defense. They also debate mitigation strategies, from reliance on Lightning Network to the risks and potential fallout of network forks, and weigh the likelihood of state-sponsored attacks exploiting the new OP_RETURN capabilities.

Ultimately, the episode offers a balanced but critical perspective: while the increased OP_RETURN limit may open up new possibilities, it also exposes Bitcoin to new vectors of attack and operational fragility that cannot be ignored. The discussion emphasizes that the future of Bitcoin may hinge on how the community, developers, and miners address the challenges stemming from this major protocol change.

🎙️ _Hosted by Paul at Talking to AI — where real people, real problems, and real conversations meet artificial intelligence._

Choosing a baby name is always tricky—but what happens when time is running out, and indecision meets inspiration from artificial intelligence? In this episode, host Paul dives deep into the baby-naming dilemma, using Grock, an AI assistant, to generate and refine the perfect name for his newborn daughter. With a real-world deadline—needing a name for a passport before an upcoming travel date—Paul explores a host of creative strategies and cultural contexts.

Paul and Grock cover everything from classic, historical, and literary names to those inspired by nature, the moon, and Australian landscapes. There's a focus on names that work in both English and Norwegian, avoiding current trends and problematic associations, and ensuring that final picks are imbued with meaning and independence. Their banter also highlights the challenges and quirks of using different AI chatbots for creative decision-making.

By the conclusion, Paul has a thoughtfully curated shortlist and new frameworks for evaluating names—with insights into naming psychology, demographics, and the cross-cultural nuances at play. This engaging episode offers parents (and anyone faced with big decisions) a peek into how AI can both broaden and focus your options, even under a pressing deadline.

🎙️ Hosted by Paul at Talking to AI — where real people, real problems, and real conversations meet artificial intelligence.

In this episode, Paul engages in a comprehensive investigation into the safety and potential risks of artificial sweeteners, featuring in-depth insights from Grock 4.1. The discussion kicks off by outlining the main types of artificial sweeteners—saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, neotame, acesulfame potassium, and stevia—detailing their pros, cons, and suitability for different dietary needs like diabetes and ketogenic diets. Special focus is given to cyclamate- and saccharin-based sweeteners such as Natrine, with an evidence-based breakdown of their regulatory history, particularly the U.S. ban versus continued approval in Europe, and a clear explanation of the current consensus on cancer and other health risks.

The conversation explores where lingering fears about sweeteners originate, untangling anecdotal reports from rigorous scientific findings. Paul and Grock dissect major observational studies, like the 2022 NutriNet-Santé French cohort, which found a modest correlation between high sweetener intake and increased heart disease risk, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing causation from correlation. Listeners learn how personal consumption levels compare to safety thresholds, the mechanisms behind the sweetness mismatch theory, and whether artificial sweeteners might actually increase cravings or calorie intake—ultimately concluding that, for most people using moderate amounts, the risks are minimal.

Additionally, the episode contrasts artificial sweeteners not only with each other, but also with natural alternatives and sugar itself. It reviews the digestive impacts and recent controversies around sugar alcohols like erythritol and xylitol, yet reaffirms that the health hazards of regular sugar intake are far more clearly established and severe. Paul's practical questions—about sweetener choices for tea, coffee, and jelly—are answered with science-backed nuance, empowering listeners to make informed dietary decisions while cutting through conflicting headlines.

🎙️ Hosted by Paul at Talking to AI — where real people, real problems, and real conversations meet artificial intelligence.

In this episode, host Paul offers an in-depth, unfiltered exploration of Grok’s varied AI voice personalities and customizations, providing a live demonstration of what makes Grok uniquely engaging compared to other AI platforms like ChatGPT. Throughout the episode, Paul interacts with Grok in different modes—ranging from the meditative and motivational to the playful and even conspiratorial—experimenting on-the-fly with changes to voice speed, emotional tone, and specialty personas like therapist, assistant, and storyteller.

Listeners get to experience the subtle (and sometimes not-so-subtle) shifts in conversation style as Grok adapts its voice and approach to fit Paul’s requests and moods. Real-life use cases are discussed, from seeking critiques and motivation on personal projects to getting playful city recommendations and overcoming fitness hurdles. The hands-on testing reveals Grok’s broader flexibility—like adjusting the temperament for feedback or moving fluidly between empathy and tough love—often with humor and authentic-feeling character changes.

The episode also tackles comparisons with ChatGPT’s more limited voice mode, highlighting Grok’s superior voice customization features and personality range. Paul reflects on how these nuanced changes could affect both everyday productivity and creative, therapeutic, or even risqué applications. The result is an informative and entertaining primer on getting the most out of Grok’s dynamic personalities for any listener curious about the next frontier of conversational AI.

🎙️ Hosted by Paul at Talking to AI — where real people, real problems, and real conversations meet artificial intelligence.

In this episode of Talking to AI, Paul shares a candid, behind-the-scenes account of his journey automating podcast production from start to (almost) finish using artificial intelligence. Drawing on several months of hands-on experimentation and coding, he breaks down both the successes and challenges in building a semi- and then fully-automated workflow. From handling audio quality and multitrack recording issues, to harnessing AI tools for content creation and managing the intricacies of APIs, Paul offers practical insights for podcasters and developers exploring similar paths.

Through trial and error, Paul discovered the limitations of off-the-shelf tools, why multitrack audio is crucial, and how ChatGPT (along with other LLMs) played a pivotal role in generating titles, summaries, tags, and artwork. He also reveals why some manual oversight—especially approving podcast titles—remains essential, and maps out the evolving stack he's adopted: from custom Python scripts to APIs for ChatGPT, WordPress, and hosting providers.

Looking ahead, Paul reflects on what these automation lessons reveal about the broader future of work with AI. He predicts a growing demand for high-level technical skills in orchestrating automation, and urges listeners (especially other creators and tech enthusiasts) to embrace disciplined experimentation as they shape their own AI-driven workflows.

🎙️ Hosted by Paul at Talking to AI — where real people, real problems, and real conversations meet artificial intelligence.