והנה גדר ובחינת שם עולם נופל על בחינת מקום ובחינת זמן דוקאThe term “world” can be applied solely to [that which possesses] the dimensions of space and time,בחינת מקום הוא מזרח ומערב

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וממלא כל עלמין היא בחינת החיות המתלבש תוך עצם הנבראAnd “He fills all worlds” is the life-force that becomes enclothed i.e., is internalized within the essence of the created being.-heb” dir

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וזהו גם כן ענין סובב כל עלמיןAnd this is also the meaning of “He encompassess all worlds.”This does not mean to say (heaven forfend) that G‑d is not found within the worlds but merely encompasses them

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The Alter Rebbe explained in the previous chapters that the Scriptural statement that “in the heavens above and upon the earth below there is none other,” is not intended to negate the existence of another god. Rather, it tells us that Divine Unity is such that there is no true existence

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ולכן גם הארץ ומתחת לארץ הן אין ואפס ממש לגבי הקב״הTherefore, even the earth and that which is below it are naught and utter nothingness in relation to the Holy One, blessed be He,

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Earlier on, in ch. 4, the Alter Rebbe explained that the Supernal attributes of Chesed and Gevurah — the former finding expression in the diffusion of the Divine life-force that creates and animates created beings

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It was stated in the previous chapter that both the expansive and creative attribute of Chesed and the concealing and constrictive attribute of Gevurah transcend the grasp of created beings. Here the Alter Rebbe adds that these attributes transcend even the comprehension

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Thanks to G‑d’s attribute of Gevurah and His capacity for tzimtzum — so the Alter Rebbe explained in the foregoing chapter — created beings live in the illusion that they possess an independent

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(והנה בחינת הצמצום והסתר החיות נקרא בשם כלים, והחיות עצמו נקרא 10 (The tzimtzum and concealing of the life-force is called in kabbalistic terminology kelim

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Since the capacity for tzimtzum emanates from the Divine attribute of Gevurah, one might erroneously infer that it actually serves to create an independently existing entity; i.e., not only does the created being regard itself as such, but the Creator views it so as well.

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