TED-Ed

Trace the rise and fall of the Lakota Empire which, at their height, were the most dominant power in the American West.

Uploaded 07-09-21

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In 1776, a powerful empire was born in North America. The Lakotas had reached the Black Hills, the most sacred place and most coveted buffalo hunting grounds in the western plains. Located in what is now South Dakota, control of the Black Hills, or Paha Sapa, marked the tribe as the dominant power in the American West. Pekka Hämäläinen explores the rise and fall of the Lakota Empire.

Lesson by Pekka Hämäläinen, directed by Mohammad Babakoohi and Yijia Cao.

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View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-lakota-empire-pekka-hamalainen
Dig deeper with additional resources: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-lakota-empire-pekka-hamalainen#digdeeper
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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-difference-between-classical-and-operant-conditioning-peggy-andover

Why is it that humans react to stimuli with certain behaviors? Can behaviors change in response to consequences? Peggy Andover explains how the brain can associate unrelated stimuli and responses, proved by Ivan Pavlov's famous 1890 experiments, and how reinforcement and punishment can result in changed behavior.

Lesson by Peggy Andover, animation by Alan Foreman.

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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-state-budgets-are-breaking-us-schools-bill-gates

America's school systems are funded by the 50 states. In this fiery talk, Bill Gates says that state budgets are riddled with accounting tricks that disguise the true cost of health care and pensions and weighted with worsening deficits -- with the financing of education at the losing end.

Talk by Bill Gates.

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Practice more problem-solving at https://brilliant.org/TedEd/
Solution to bonus riddle: https://brilliant.org/TedEdGiantIron/

Uploaded 27-11-18

The family of giants you work for is throwing a fancy dinner party, but there’s a problem — the elder giant’s favorite shirt is wrinkled! To fix it, you’ll need to power up the giant iron. It needs two batteries to work, but the baby giant mixed the working battery pile with the dead pile. Can you test the batteries so that you get a working pair in seven tries or less? Alex Gendler shows how.

Lesson by Alex Gendler, directed by Artrake Studio.

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An ancient, abandoned alien space station has been discovered. Can you beat everyone in the galaxy and reach it first?

Uploaded 16-07-19

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It’s an incredible discovery: an abandoned alien space station filled with precursor technology. Now every species in the galaxy is in a mad dash to get there first, but you’ve got a problem. Your ship can’t hold enough fuel to get you there unless you vent caches of it into space at precise points and then come back for the fuel later. Can you reach the alien space station? Dan Finkel shows how.

Lesson by Daniel Finkel, directed by Artrake Studio.

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View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/can-you-solve-the-dark-matter-fuel-riddle-daniel-finkel

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Discover the world’s largest organism: Pando, an enormous and ancient quaking aspen, and find out how it became so huge.

Uploaded 07-12-20

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The largest animal in the world is the blue whale, which weighs a massive 150 metric tons. Even so, it’s not remotely close to being the largest organism by weight. That title goes to an organism so huge that it’s estimated to weigh the equivalent of 40 blue whales. So what is this behemoth? And… where is it? Alex Rosenthal shares the story of the enormous and ancient Pando.

Lesson by Alex Rosenthal, directed by Lisa LaBracio.

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View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-world-s-largest-organism-alex-rosenthal
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Composer: http://aimcreativestudios.com/
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Explore the incredible variety of tongues in the animal kingdom, and find out how different species utilize the appendage to survive.

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An alligator snapping turtle lures its prey using a blood-engorged tongue that resembles a wriggling worm. And it’s far from the only animal doing tongue trickery. Tongues in the animal kingdom vary widely — from texture and length, to shape and dexterity. So, what's the point of having so many different kinds of tongues? Cella Wright explores how different species use the appendage to survive.

Lesson by Cella Wright, directed by Igor Ćorić, Artrake Studio.

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View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/why-do-snakes-have-forked-tongues-cella-wright
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Animator's website: https://www.artrake.com
Music: https://www.workplaywork.com
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Dig into political philosopher John Rawls’ classic thought experiment about what principles we need to design a fair society.

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A group of strangers have gathered to design a just society. To ensure none of them rig the system, they’ve been placed under a veil of ignorance. Under this veil, they’re blind to information about age, sex, profession, wealth, religion, and so on. Can they build a fair society where everyone has the resources they need? Joseph Lacey details John Rawls' classic thought experiment.

Lesson by Joseph Lacey, directed by Eoin Duffy.

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View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/3-easy-steps-to-build-a-real-utopia-joseph-lacey
Dig deeper with additional resources: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/3-easy-steps-to-build-a-real-utopia-joseph-lacey/think

Animator's website: https://eoinduffy.me
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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-cosmic-rays-help-us-understand-the-universe-veronica-bindi

Uploaded 23-09-14

We only know 4% of what the universe is made up of. Can we also know what lies beyond our galaxy ... and if there are undiscovered forms of matter? Luckily, we have space messengers — cosmic rays — that bring us physical data from parts of the cosmos beyond our reach. Veronica Bindi explains what cosmic rays are, and how they transmit information about our universe from the great beyond.

Lesson by Veronica Bindi, animation by TED-Ed.



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Take a look at the science of how addictive drugs affect your body and why substance addiction can be so difficult to treat.

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As of 2021, more than 36 million people were estimated to be experiencing substance use disorder. This condition spans a spectrum of patterned drug use that causes issues in a person’s life, with substance addiction at the more severe end. Why are some people more susceptible to addiction, and why can it be so difficult to treat? Judy Grisel takes a look at how addictive drugs affect the body.

Lesson by Judy Grisel, directed by Gabriella Marsh.

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View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-causes-addiction-and-why-is-it-so-hard-to-treat-judy-grisel
Dig deeper with additional resources: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-causes-addiction-and-why-is-it-so-hard-to-treat-judy-grisel/digdeeper

Animator's website: https://gabriella-marsh.com
Music: https://soundcloud.com/aim-music
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