Terranauts

In this episode we finally get the party together on orbit as Wally Schirra and Tom Stafford in Gemini VIA complete the very first rendezvous with Jim Lovell and Frank Borman in Gemini VII. 

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When we left the Gemini program Jim Lovell and Frank Borman were just getting to orbit to begin a week long wait for Wally Schirra and Tom Stafford to join them in the first-ever on orbit rendezvous of two spacecraft. Today we will finally get the crew of Gemini VI to orbit... although it may take a little while longer than we thought. Today we will finally get the crew of Gemini VI to orbit... although it may take a little while longer than we thought.

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Each January NASA pauses to honour NASA astronauts who lost their lives in cause of space exploration. This year, today, the 26th of January is the day NASA has chosen to mark this Day Of Remembrance. Once again this year, we, at Terranauts, also mark this day with a special episode to honour those flight crew that have died in humanity's quest to travel to and live off our planet. Once again this year, I am joined by Chris Hadfield. Joining us for a discussion of the Day of Remembrance and why it matters is Tim Braithwaite from the Canadian Space Agency liaison office at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

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When we left the Gemini program, President Lyndon B. Johnson was just stepping up the microphone at his ranch in Texas to explain how NASA was going to respond to the failure of Gemini 6 barely 72 hours previously. Instead of stepping back and contemplating the big pile of lemons that life had just handed them, NASA was about to make pitcher of pretty impressive lemonade by attempting something they, and humanity, had never done before. Let's pick up the story...

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It was the 25th of October, 1965. And Houston had a problem. And by that I mean that Gene Kranz and the flight control team in the mission control centre of the manned spaceflight center in the Houston had a problem, Gemini VI had failed. For the first time in over 4 years NASA had launched a human space flight mission that had ended in failure. True, the humans in the mission had not actually gotten off the launch pad since the mission had ended when the unmanned Gemini Agena Target Vehicle had destroyed itself on the way to orbit. Still Gemini VI was a failed mission. How NASA responded to that failure would say a lot about how far it had come in four years - and how it was preparing for its much longer journey to the surface of the Moon and back.

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In this episode of the Terranauts podcast, NASA is about about to launch Gemini VI but something happens somethings that had never happened to a crewed mission before. As the launch of Gemini VI approached in the fall of 1965, everyone on the Gemini program was focussed on the problem of rendezvous. Last episode we talked about what that entailed. But in addition to worrying about how rendezvous would actually work, there were still some very real questions about the Gemini Agena Target Vehicle that the US Air Force and Lockheed were supplying to the program. Nevertheless by October of 1965, a target vehicle had been tested, retested and accepted by NASA. It was sitting atop it's Atlas launch vehicle preparing for it's date with destiny and the Gemini spacecraft containing Wally Schirra and Tom Stafford - which was sitting on it's own launch pad a short distance away.

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By the Fall of 1965, the Gemini program was well underway and riding the wave of a couple of very successful flights. NASA engineers and management could take pride in the fact that success had actually been fairly hard won. NASA had proven that it could work through significant issues and contingencies and still find a way to make it all work on orbit. There was still one major objective that had remained out of reach, though. And that was the issue of spacecraft rendezvous. So although NASA had proven they could make it work, they still needed to prove they could get it all together before they did so.

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In this episode NASA and Project Gemini really stretch their legs in an attempt to set the record for the longest human space flight. Reaching the goal of 8 days will mean proving that humans can live and work in space long enough to get to the Moon and back. All that NASA needed was a good plan, a little bit of luck... and a working fuel cell. Tune in to see how THAT worked out.

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This time on Terranauts we are back to talking about Project Gemini. With the accolades from Ed White's stunning spacewalk still ringing in their ears, the Project Gemini team needed to go back to work to continue their mission of getting NASA ready for the Apollo program and it's date with destiny on the surface of the Moon. By the time Gemini IV landed less than 4 and half years remained for NASA to meet President Kennedy's deadline. And there were a lot of things NASA did not yet know how to do.

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Terranauts is back for Season 4. This season we are planning to follow Gemini as it accelerates off the launch pad on the way to putting NASA firmly on a course for the Moon. Today, though, in addition to setting the stage for season 4, I'd like to pause and think about how some parts of the Terranaut journey haven't changed all that much in nearly 60 years. Including the fact the Mother Nature continues to get a vote on when it's time to GO.

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