The 311 Podcast

The future of trust in the digital economy

For a long time, I struggled to articulate exactly what bothered me about crypto. It wasn’t just the reports of grift, fraud, or dark-market economic activity. More fundamentally, crypto has never quite felt like the internet at its best — open, connective, trust-building, and generative in the ways transformative technologies should be. Then I read the new Internet Trust Layer white paper from Finnish technologist and financial thought leader Timo Hotti.

Aside from being a fellow hockey fan, Timo is an early web technology adopter whose work has focused on data, transactions, and decentralization. He leads transaction decentralization initiatives at a major Finnish bank and was one of the core contributors to the Findynet open-source project — a decentralized national identity and transaction platform developed between 2019 and 2024 that continues to seek contributors today.

In his white paper, Timo does more than critique the limitations of crypto as a foundation for the future digital economy. He lays out a compelling alternative: a path toward active digital money and a payment infrastructure built on repeated acts of trust rather than speculation.

I was genuinely excited to have this conversation with Timo, and I think you’ll find it as thought-provoking as I did.

Here’s our conversation on the future of trust in the digital economy.

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Guest Information

Timo Hotti, Principal Technology Strategist at OP Pohjola | LinkedIn

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Important Resources for Stuff We Talked About:

Internet Trust Layer (ITL) white paper by Timo Hotti | Substack

The Findynet open source project | Github

The Next Big Thing | Substack
Following our discussion in April, Timo was inspired to attempt to describe "where's the transformation, if there's any." He shared the link with us as an additional resource for the discussion in the episode.

On this episode of The 311 Podcast, Paul and Timo discuss:

• Introduction and Economics Crash Course
• Active Money Explained
• Crypto as Barter
•  Trust Formula X counts as Y in C
• Four Body Problem B2B
• Active Money Without Crypto
• Credit and Real Contracts
• Automating X Counts As Y
• Decentralizing the Root
• Agent Keys and Trust
• Verifying Agents Safely
• Cocktail Party Protocol
• Trust Layers Beat Mining
• AI Meets Agentic Trust
• Findynet Status and Wrap Up

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Recorded in April 2026.

This is a show about the people that make digital public service work. If you'd like to find out more, visit the311podcast.com

We're going to keep having conversations like this. If you've got ideas of guests we should speak to, send us an email to  [email protected]  

 Historically, we've relied on government and the public sector to regulate the development of society-altering technologies, radio, telephone, automobiles, air travel, broadcast, internet have all come under the slow but steady oversight of the public sector. Even social media is being scrutinized and regions like Australia are beginning to legislate age limits for access.

Artificial intelligence is a different animal and it's moving at an exponential rate of development. It also promises radical social and cultural change from eliminating entire workforces; to shifting global power centers; consolidating wealth; and creating scientific fiction inspiring potentials. AI promises tectonic shifts in healthcare, human thriving, science, energy, economic output, social equity, and more. How can we navigate a future with such wide ranging potentials? Is government able to regulate at this pace of change? Should we, what about in regions like the US where all regulation of AI is being intentionally sidestepped? Is legislation even the right construct for dealing with the future of AI?

Enter the AI collective, a global gathering of civil society, including individuals, researchers, investors, and operators. The AI Collective is a fast growing, nonprofit, grassroots community still in its early days, but already 200,000 members strong with more than 300 organizers and operating on every continent except Antarctica. And that's just as of this recording date. They boast a relationship with almost every major AI and tech organization you can think of.

Today we're gonna talk to two of the founding leadership team from the AI Collective, AJ Green, Founding Director of Growth, and Catherine McMillan, Founding Director.

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Guest Information

The AI Collective Website | LinkedIn

Catherine McMillan, Founding Director | LinkedIn

AJ Green, Founding Director (Growth) | LinkedIn

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On this episode of The 311 Podcast, Paul, Catherine, and AJ chat about:

• Welcome to Season 3
• Introduction to the AI Collective
• AJ Green's Journey to the AI Collective
• Catherine McMillan's Path to the AI Collective
• Diverse Team and High Agency
• Corporate Partnerships and Community Trust
• Manis Event: A Case of Perfect Timing
• The Role of AI Collective
• Moonshots & the Secret Sauce Ahead
•  Final Thoughts from Paul

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Bonus Resources for Stuff We Talked About:

• Edelman Trust Barometer

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Recorded in January 2026

This is a show about the people that make digital public service work. If you'd like to find out more, visit the311podcast.com

We're going to keep having conversations like this. If you've got ideas of guests we should speak to, send us an email to  [email protected]  

The Heart of Public Service with Pearl Amanfu

Today my guest is Pearl Amanfu. Pearl is the Digital Inclusion Officer for Metro Nashville. Although Pearl and I just met, she's the model for the type of person I started this podcast to amplify: the humans who believe deeply in community, human thriving and progress, and are willing to do the hard organizational work to create real change through digital enablement. 

Borrowing her words, Pearl has a helper heart, and she genuinely wants a better world for the residents of Metro Nashville. Pearl is a community builder, and in this episode she shines a light onto what it's like to make sure that Metro Nashville is accountable and of service to the greatest number of Tennesseans possible, and she also shares a bit about where she thinks their work could go next. Here's my conversation with Pearl.

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Guest Information
Pearl Amanfu LinkedIn

To learn more on the Nashville Metro Digital Inclusion work please visit Metro Digital Skillslink | Nashville.gov

For more information on organizations Pearl highlights please see:

• Nashville Public Library Digital Literacy Programs | NPL Digital Learn
• National Digital Inclusion Alliance (NDIA) are the parent organization for the Digital Equity Leaders Network (DELN) 

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On this episode of the 311 Podcast Paul and Pearl cover the following topics:

Introduction to Pearl Amanfu and Digital Inclusion​​
Pearl's Career Journey
Challenges and Barriers in Digital Inclusion
Nashville's Unique Approach to Digital Inclusion
Proud Achievements and Key Projects
The Digital Navigator Program
Future Vision and Advice for Aspiring Helpers
Conclusion and Final Thoughts

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Thank you to our season two sponsor Northern. For more information on their services, visit northern.co

Recorded in May 2025.

This is a show about the people that make digital public service work. If you'd like to find out more, visit the311podcast.com

We're going to keep having conversations like this. If you've got ideas of guests we should speak to, send us an email to  [email protected]  

Today, my guest is Stephanie Deitrick, who is the Enterprise GIS [Geographic Information System] and Open Data Program Manager for the city of Tempe, Arizona.

She's also a program director for the Master's of Advanced Study in GIS program at Arizona State University. Stephanie has her PhD in geography from Arizona State and has spent her career building the next generation of data experts with a focus on GIS, but a broader lens on public data. 

As someone who consults with municipalities on digital strategy, I spend much of my time trying to paint a narrative of what mature digital practice around data and public service looks like. Imagine my surprise when I stumbled on the city of Tempe, Arizona and their open data portal and service performance dashboard. It was everything I'd been imagining for my clients and more. So I had to find out who was behind this category leading work. That's how I came across Stephanie, her team, and their work.

Tempe is a model city for these values and what can happen when great leadership and great teams come together. Tempe has launched not just a best of breed open data portal, but a performance dashboard featuring KPIs powered by real-time data that openly publishes their compliance with the various service levels and outcomes that they have committed to on behalf of their citizens.

This courageous approach is a model for how local government can rebuild, trust and engage with their community. I think you'll learn a lot from Stephanie's mindset, and even if you're not in government, it's helpful to understand the internal workings of government entities and how with the right alignment and leadership, organizations can find new ways to prove their value and serve their communities.

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Guest information:

Dr. Stephanie Deitrick LinkedIn

Open Tempe  "The City of Tempe is committed to transparency and to providing accurate and easy to access data about our community. Below are the tools you can use to get information about our community’s finances, strategic priorities and more."

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What Paul and Stephanie talk about:

• Tempe's approach to open data, including their "open by default" policy.
• The importance of courageous leadership in driving digital transformation and open data initiatives.
• Tempe's performance management program and its integration with budgeting.
• The city's work with opioid emergency calls for service and wastewater testing for opioids and COVID.
• The process of data classification and balancing public access with privacy protection.
• The impact of AI on data privacy and the need for continuous reassessment of data masking strategies.
• The importance of cross-functional teams, understanding subject matter, and building trust and communication with business units.
• The role of trust and communication in enabling the City of Tempe to achieve transformative outcomes in public service.

Resources Referenced in the Interview

 Simon Sinek, The Golden Circle.

Recorded in May 2025.

This is a show about the people that make digital public service work. If you'd like to find out more, visit the311podcast.com

We're going to keep having conversations like this. If you've got ideas of guests we should speak to, send us an email to  [email protected]  

Transforming the Department of Defence with Savan Kong. 

Today my guest is Savan Kong. Savan has a unique resume and set of experiences. He was most recently the first ever Customer Experience Officer for the United States Department of Defense. One of the largest organizations of any kind in the world. 

When the CIO of the DOD tapped Savan to pioneer the new CXO role, Savan brought a design mindset to the job in every way. And in this episode, he's going to share his mindset and models for how to introduce design infrastructure into an organization as complex as the US DOD. I think you'll like his approach, and in the show notes, we'll be sure to spell out the model he lays out in the episode in great detail. Here's my conversation with Savan.
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Guest information:
Savan Kong LinkedIn | www.savankong.com
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Savan's Model
Savan highlighted that design is an intentional act of problem-solving. He applied these principles to explore how the CXO office within the Department of Defense could leverage policy and strategy to enhance customer experience.

While establishing the CXO office, Savan applied four key strategies in his model. Including specific steps in creating design infrastructure that embraces the problem solving nature of design thinking into the CXO infrastructure.

1. Building Alliances: Identify key individuals to understand the organization and advance the CXO agenda.
2. Identifying Leverage Points: Understand the organization's priorities, learn its culture, and identify key levers for initiative momentum.
3. Defining Measurable Outcomes: Establish IT governance, update strategy for investment guidance, implement performance management (including OKRs), create a consistent intake structure for customer feedback, and build a user experience foundation.
4. Developing a Robust Design Infrastructure: Ensure the infrastructure is 
   1. authoritative (vetted, signed off, and documented),
   2. sustained (funded, adopted, and continuously improved), and
   3. scaled (impacts many, is agnostic, and normalizes expectations).

Recorded in May, 2025

This is a show about the people that make digital public service work. If you'd like to find out more, visit the311podcast.com

We're going to keep having conversations like this. If you've got ideas of guests we should speak to, send us an email to  [email protected]  

 Today my guest is Tim Bouma. Tim is Canada's public sector digital identity expert. He's held key roles in the federal government for years and was a key player in the Pan-Canadian Trust Framework, which brought together regional and federal government players to define standards and best practices for digital identity.

Tim now sits as a special advisor to Canada's Digital Governance Council, Conseil de Gouvernance Numérique, a member driven nonprofit working on responsible design, architecture, and management of digital technologies for the public service. 

Guest information:

Tim Bouma, Special Advisor, Digital Governance Council LinkedIn

Digital Governance Council Website LinkedIn

Public Sector Profile of the Pan-Canadian Trust Framework | Cadre de Confiance pancanadien

The 311 episode with guest and shared friend, Ashley Casovan, that recommended Paul look to Tim Bouma for Canadian expertise in the digital identity area: S1 E1 - Governing A.I. with Ashley Casovan, The 311 Podcast

Additional information on some of the technologies mentioned in the episode:

• Most Minimal Trust Framework, Tim Bouma’s Newsletter
• Trust Frameworks, The Digital ID and Authentication Council of Canada (DIACC)
• Frequently Asked Questions, The Digital ID and Authentication Council of Canada (DIACC)
• Your Guide to Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI), Identity.com
• Decentralized Identity: The Ultimate Guide 2025, Dock Labs 
• Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), LivingInternet BGP
• Public Key Encryption, Geeks for Geeks
• What is public key infrastructure?, IBM 
• Self­-Sov­er­eign Ide­nt­ity: A New Appr­oach to Dig­ital Ide­nt­ity, DSR Corporation
• Issuer / Holder / Verifier Model, LUNA.CO
• What is Blockchain Technology?, Amazon Web Services
• Chaumian ecash, chaum.com
• Nostr: A Simple Protocol for Decentralized Social Media

This is a show about the people that make digital public service work. If you'd like to find out more, visit the311podcast.com

We're going to keep having conversations like this. If you've got ideas of guests we should speak to, send us an email to  [email protected]  

Today, my guest is Tom Henheffer.  Tom is the CEO of the Arctic Research Foundation, a non profit organization that facilitates data collection in Canada's Arctic region.

The Arctic Research Foundation is an essential ingredient in Canada's civil society, working alongside universities, government, indigenous communities, and industry to build our understanding of this critical global region through research and data collection.

The work that Tom and the Arctic Research Foundation does is challenging in logistics, environment, and cultural context,  but it's essential and inspiring.

The public sector involves those that work for and within government, but also the many para government organizations that work around and alongside formal government bodies.  Without the work of the Arctic Research Foundation, Canada would be limited in its ability to understand the future issues facing the Arctic, as well as limited in its ability to maintain claims of territorial sovereignty.

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Guest information:

Tom Henheffer LinkedIn

For more information about the Arctic Research Foundation check out our website Arcticresearchfoundation.ca and ArcticFocus.org (their publishing platform). You can also connect with ARF on LinkedIn.

Resource Links:

• Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site - Parks Canada
• Gjoa Haven - Travel Nunavut
• What does Mukurtu mean?
• Tuktoyaktuk - Spectacular NWT
• Exploring Canada's Arctic Jewel - Baffin Island & Iqaluit
•  Canadian Polar Data Consortium (CPDC), previously CCADI
• Arctic Eider Society  | SIKU - The Indigenous Knowledge App
• About the Gwich’in
• Qikiqtaaluk Corporation

Location Information Courtesy Wikipedia:

• Gjoa Haven
• Qikiqtaaluk Region
• Kivalliq Region
• Beaufort Sea
• Ungava Bay

This is a show about the people that make digital public service work. If you'd like to find out more, visit the311podcast.com

We're going to keep having conversations like this. If you've got ideas of guests we should speak to, send us an email to  [email protected]  

Nicole Janssen on Bridging AI Innovation and Government Solutions

Nicole is co-CEO of one of Canada's AI powerhouse organizations, AltaML. She's a national business leader and one of our experts in AI. 

Her firm is also behind the Alberta government's innovative AI research lab, operating as an R&D hub for the big, complex problems that the government hopes AI can help address. If you're not from Canada, and maybe even if you are, you may not know that Canada is an AI pioneer. Some of the earliest technology that is powering this new digital economy was conceived of and developed in Canadian universities.

Canada has always had a very strong bond between higher education, the public sector, and industry when it comes to innovation. AI has grown here in this collaborative ecosystem. If you're feeling left behind by the pace of change in artificial intelligence at the moment, then I think you'll find Nicole's overview and perspective helpful. 

She lays out what is happening in the AI industry and where things are going,  and she also has great advice for government organizations just trying to get a toehold.

Resource Links:

Guest

Nicole Janssen, Co-Founder & Co-CEO, AltaML - LinkedIn
AltaML:  AltaML LinkedIn
GovLab

Canadian AI Institutes

• Edmonton - Amii
• Montreal - Mila
• Toronto - Vector 

AI for Wildfire Prediction

Digital Transformation at Scale (Book) - Amazon.ca | Indigo | Kobo

This is a show about the people that make digital public service work. If you'd like to find out more, visit the311podcast.com

We're going to keep having conversations like this. If you've got ideas of guests we should speak to, send us an email to  [email protected]  

What Digital Transformation for Government Means in 2025

Today, my guest is Vijay Luthra. Vijay is the managing partner of CEVA Global in the UK, and he works to help government organizations in the UK and UAE to develop digital transformation strategies.

 Given the pace of change, particularly in the US, it's hard to say how long our conversation will remain relevant. It's hard to talk about the political side of government without taking sides, but we did our best to avoid that

Vijay is, in his words, a former public servant and a recovering politician. He works in social enterprise and has deep expertise in healthcare and transformation. Today we decided to talk about what digital transformation for government means in the chaos that is early 2025.

Resource Links:

Vijay K Luthra LinkedIn

CEVA Global Website | LinkedIn

VUCA: volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity Harvard Busness Review | Wikipedia

The National Programme for Information Technology ( NPfIT )

• Making IT work: harnessing the power of health information technology to improve care in England
• The UK's National Programme for IT: Why was it dismantled?

Marshall McLuhan

• The medium is the message
• The Medium is the Massage: An Inventory of Effects (1967) Marshall McLuhan & Quentin Fiore Amazon CA | Indigo

Dan Honig -  Mission Driven Bureaucrats | Amazon CA

Demis Hassabis
Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024

Recorded: Feb, 2025

This is a show about the people that make digital public service work. If you'd like to find out more, visit the311podcast.com

We're going to keep having conversations like this. If you've got ideas of guests we should speak to, send us an email to  [email protected]  

Why government organizations must build digital trust.

Today, my guest is Kate Burns. Kate is the Executive Director of MetroLab Network, a Washington, DC-based nonprofit that connects local government organizations with universities to bring the latest in scientific research and innovation to the living lab of communities. MetroLab is a partnership ecosystem and runs projects to discover, implement, and scale innovative solutions for local government. Kate has a background in municipal government and in policy, and she's passionate about thriving cities and communities. She worked in Kansas City and Seattle, so understands the many different types of communities that are striving to adopt digital and innovative technology.

Kate and I decided to wrestle with a timely challenge for cities. The evolution of the digital town square. As social media platforms shift in ownership and purpose and as the audience starts to fragment across many separate platforms, it's becoming less clear where the digital town square will be in the future. What was once a common expectation—that journalists, administrators, politicians, and citizens could mingle freely and share ideas and concerns—seems to be eroding or at least changing.

Resource Links:

• Kate Burns LinkedIn
• MetroLab  LinkedIn | X
  • MetroLab Network, Data Governance Policy & Practice Guide
• Town and Gown Definition
• Ed Edelman Trust Barometer
• Kansas City Resident Satisfaction Survey Results
• Revenge of the Tipping Point, Malcom Gladwell
  Amazon | Indigo | Kobo
• Streetfight: Handbook for an Urban Revolution, Janette Sadik-Khan & Seth Solomonow
  Amazon | Indigo | Kobo

Recorded in January of 2025

This is a show about the people that make digital public service work. If you'd like to find out more, visit the311podcast.com

We're going to keep having conversations like this. If you've got ideas of guests we should speak to, send us an email to  [email protected]