An ancient city was not an association of individuals, writes Fustel.

It was a confederation of several pre-established societies, which continued to exist in the city.

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Based on: https://youtu.be/b8E4p7a7dPw

In this chapter Fustel describes the twofold nature of ancient religious sentiment.

Some gods were drawn from human intelligence and experience of the soul, and other gods were identified in external objects and physical forces in nature.

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Based on: https://youtu.be/jeDpijYOdUI

Book 3, The City, begins by tracing the expansion of religious ideas and rituals from the family level to larger social groups.

The phratry, the cury, and the tribe each had their own altar, their own priests, and their own sacred meals.

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Based on: https://youtu.be/dUbmzIR1DHk

In this long final chapter of Book 2, Fustel addresses the historical problem of the gens, its character and foundation.

The gens, he tells us, was not an association of families; it WAS the family.

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Based on: https://youtu.be/YydNy__d3U4

The ancient religion fortified man's moral sentiments and gave them greater authority.

In this chapter, Fustel describes the religious roots of chastity, love of home, and other domestic virtues.

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Based on: https://youtu.be/3-V94JUlDS0

In this chapter Fustel describes the nature of the paternal power: the authority of the father and of religious law in the household.

At first, all law was private and familial -- not arbitrary, but rather structured by and in support of the family's religious worship.

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Based on: https://youtu.be/3Mat18OAgmA

Because worship of the ancestors must never end, property rights naturally led to religious laws of succession and inheritance.

Fustel describes how property was entailed from father to eldest son, along with the priestly office.

Based on: https://youtu.be/H9b-zbL-YQk

The institution of private property was founded, not by labor or by common consent, but by religion.

In this chapter Fustel details how the sacred nature of the hearth spread to include the house and the land, which resulted in familial property rights that were sacred and inviolable.

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Based on: https://youtu.be/_Yp1glXSRjY

Kinship in the ancient religion was governed by common worship, and so extended family relationships were traced through fathers and male cousins only.

Recognition of relationship by birth, Fustel says, arose later and coexisted in tension with this system.

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Based on: https://youtu.be/LlVoHu-ELV0

In this short chapter Fustel connects his picture of the ancient religion to the institutions of adoption and emancipation.

Due to the family's religious character, certain rituals must be carefully performed to admit or expel a family member.

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Based on: https://youtu.be/jeSFknIXgI8