In the midst of a full government shutdown, the Trump administration has taken an unprecedented step: firing thousands of federal workers while government funding remains frozen. The problem? This might violate the Anti-Deficiency Act, a law on the books since 1884 that prevents the government from spending money it doesn't have. TCS President Steve Ellis and Director of Research and Policy Josh Sewell break down why conducting reductions-in-force during a shutdown—which trigger severance payments, administrative costs, and legal battles—could be illegal, and why shifting Pentagon funds to pay military salaries sets a dangerous precedent. Whether you think the federal workforce needs trimming or not, the Constitution is clear: Congress controls the purse strings, not the President, and taxpayers shouldn't foot the bill for costly legal battles over executive overreach.