The A&P Professor

We list ten things that we often forget to tell—or remind—our students about cells. We learn how to create a peaceful forest-like retreat in our office using soundscapes, I get my winter shorts ready (seriously), and Margaret Reece comments about teaching urinary concepts. That last topic spurs a rant from Kevin on diversity of course sections.

00:00 | Introduction

00:56 | Pee Again

07:46 | A Forest in My Office

13:54 | Sponsored by AAA

14:27 | Getting Out My Winter Shorts

17:31 | Sponsored by HAPI

18:02 | Things We Forget to Tell Students About Cells

33:45 | Sponsored by HAPS

34:20 | More Things We Forget to Tell Students About Cells

50:02 | Staying Connected

★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-126.html

🏅 Apply for your credential (badge/certificate) for listening to this episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-126.html/#badge

⭐⭐⭐⭐ Please rate & review this podcast so that others can decide whether to give it a try: RateThisPodcast.com/theAPprofessor

❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey

☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

✔️ Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram! @theAPprofessor

📰 Get the thrice-weekly TAPP Science & Education Updates theAPprofessor.org/updates

It is the cells which create and maintain in us, during the span of our lives, our will to live and survive, to search and experiment, and to struggle. (Albert Claude)

Pee Again

7 minutes

Reacting to The Pee Episode (TAPP 125), Dr. Margaret Reece explains why she thinks the urinary system could be covered far earlier in the anatomy and physiology course than is typical. Kevin then takes off on that idea, suggesting that we should encourage differences among sections of the same course taught at the same time in a single institution.

★ The Proper Order of Topics in A&P | Leaderboards | Student Frustration | TAPP 88

★ The Pee Episode | Teaching Urinary & Renal Concepts | TAPP 125

★ Teaching Human Reproduction | A Chat with Margaret Reece | TAPP 122

★ Taking Bold Steps in Teaching | Notetaking | Science Updates | TAPP 90

Please rate & review The A&P Professor—it helps others decide whether to give us a try! 😁

★ RateThisPodcast.com/theAPprofessor

A Forest in My Office

6 minutes

Kevin shares a story about how a soundscape at an anatomy conference in Kyoto gave him the idea to turn his office into a forestlike peaceful retreat to return to after class and other activities.

★ Birdsongs alleviate anxiety and paranoia in healthy participants (research article from Scientific Reports) AandP.info/cba

★ Dean Martin That's Amore (song or book) geni.us/AmX2

★ International Federation of Associations of Anatomists IFAA (article listing 2004 Kyoto XVI Congress) AandP.info/8me

★ Testing as Teaching Co-Medical Anatomy: A Practical View (the paper I presented in Kyoto) AandP.info/hzl

★ More Quizzing About Kevin's Wacky Testing Scheme | Book Club | TAPP 100

★ Quizzed About Tests | FAQs About Patton Test Strategies | TAPP 99

Sponsored by AAA

30 seconds

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

Getting Out My Winter Shorts

3 minutes

Kevin announces that the next few episodes will be short episodes—remixes of just one or two segments gleaned from the last five years of The A&P Professor podcast. This will give Kevin the break he needs to generate the psychic energy needed for the spectacular predictions for the year in the next full episode coming in late January.

★ Make your holiday party a hit with the TAPP crowd! Try the retro TAPP Jukebox player: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-jukebox.html

★ Skim the full catalog of episodes using the Pod List that features a list of topics for each episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-list.html

★ Catch up on your digital credentials for listening to past episodes: theAPprofessor.org/education-pgroup.html

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

29 seconds

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Things We Forget to Tell Students About Cells

15.5 minutes

Here, we outline four (of ten) things that we sometimes under-emphasize to students in our A&P course when discussing cells:

★ Cell diagrams & stained specimens are best thought of as cartoons. They are simplified.

★ Cells are not multicolored, as they are often represented. They are transparent.

★ A fuller concept of the cytoskeleton

★ Molecular motors, which are part of the cytoskeleton, are the movers of cells.

This segment mentions the mind's eye of students, which is not well developed in all students.

★ Minding the Mind's Eye in Slides | Feedback on Abortion Misconceptions | TAPP 119

Sponsored by HAPS

33 seconds

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

More Things We Forget to Tell Students About Cells

15.5 minutes

We finish our list of ten things that we often forget to keep in front of students as they struggle to understand cells and their characteristics.

★ Cells interact with the intracellular matrix (ECM).

★ Things are really, really, really—really—crowded inside cells. And this is a good thing.

★ Cells are not water balloons. Not exactly. Maybe a chunk of Jello covered in butter is a good supplemental example.

★ Cell processes don't happen in steps. Steps happen in explanations, not in the continous flow of living processes.

★ Cells make mistakes. All the time. Some are tragic; some are not.

★ Cells can take care of (many) mistakes.

People

Contributors: Margaret Reece

Production: Aileen Park (announcer), Andrés Rodriguez (theme composer, recording artist), Rev.com team (transcription), Kevin Patton (writer, editor, producer, host)

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-126.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-126.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

★ theAPprofessor.org/community

Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

★ theAPprofessor.org/refer

Tools & Resources

★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates

★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J

★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander

★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ

★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW

★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp

★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform

★ QuillBot (writing tools): theAPprofessor.org/quillbot

★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor

Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!

Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram @theAPprofessor

The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.

Teaching renal anatomy & physiology is tricky and sometimes difficult. In The Pee Episode I'll tell you how I know that for sure. Plus, I'll share some possible strategies for providing the clarity needed to avoid confusion and that unhelpful kind of frustration that sometimes accompanies the renal module in our course. And there's a song from Greg Crowther!

00:00 | Introduction

00:47 | Adventures With Tarzan

06:51 | Making Heads or Tails or Loops

20:32 | Sponsored by AAA

21:31 | Big Picture of Renal A&P

32:27 | Pee Values With Greg Crowther

34:34 | Sponsored by HAPI

35:39 | Scared?

41:39 | Sponsored by HAPS

42:33 | Urinalysis

50:17 | Staying Connected

★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-125.html

🏅 Apply for your credential (badge/certificate) for listening to this episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-125.html/#badge

❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey

☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

✔️ Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram! @theAPprofessor

📰 Get the thrice-weekly TAPP Science & Education Updates theAPprofessor.org/updates

You're the reason I get up in the morning. That, and I need to pee. (Darynda Jones)

Adventures With Tarzan

6 minutes

This segment introduces The Pee Episode with a story about an ape. It's about pee, but also about the role of an empathetic teacher.

★ The Poop Episode | Using Fecal Changes to Monitor Health | TAPP 121

★ Fonts, Syllabi, and Poop | TAPP 123

★ Are You a Warm Demander? | TAPP 115

★ The Inclusive Anatomy & Physiology Course | Part 2 | 8 More Tips to Include All | TAPP 109

Making Heads or Tails or Loops

13.5 minutes

Kevin "proves" that renal A&P is hard to understand, learn, and teach. Using the countercurrent mechanisms as examples, he demonstrates his point AND gives some tips on making things work better for students. And of course, storytelling enters into the discussion. A note from the HAPS Learning Outcomes tells us that sometimes less is more.

★ The Storytelling Special | Episode 48

★ Revisiting A&P Learning Outcomes | Episode 54

Sponsored by AAA

56 seconds

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

Big Picture of Renal A&P

11 minutes

Here's an example of condensing the story of urine formation into a brief "big picture." Kevin shares a playful story that shows how filtration, reabsorption, and secretion are not as weird a way to balance the blood as they may seem at first.

★ Survival Guide for Anatomy & Physiology (Kevin's handy manual for A&P students, it includes analogies like the one shared in this segment) lionden.com/tips-survival-guide.htm

★ The Storytelling Special | Episode 48

★ Playful & Serious Is the Perfect Combo for A&P | Episode 13

★ Should We Extend Deadlines? | Models & Color Codes | TAPP 112

Pee Values with Greg Crowther

2 minutes

A brief musical interlude featuring the music of A&P instructor and STEM music composer Greg Crowther. This selection helps students remember the simplified "big picture" outlined in the previous segment.

★ Quickly Moving to Remote Delivery—The Musical | Bonus Episode 64b (features a Crowther song)

★ Kevins Unofficial Guide to the HAPS Annual Conference | 2019 Edition | Episode 42 (features a Crowther song)

★ Test Question Templates Help Students Learn | TAPP 70

★ Greg Crowther's catalog of urinary system songs AandP.info/vil

★ Pee Values mp3 sound file AandP.info/68m

★ Pee Values music video youtu.be/-A_lryN-h9E

★ Pee Values sheet music https://aandp.info/54r

★ Pee Values karaoke AandP.info/ept

★ Pee Values study guide & lyrics AandP.info/9yn

Lyrics

Solutes in the plasma may be lost in the urine. (Push some solutes out; pull some solutes back!) They're governed by a formula that's well worth learnin'. (Push some solutes out; pull some solutes back!) Three different processes control what you're releasin': Filtration plus secretion minus reabsorption is excretion. (Push some solutes out; pull some solutes back!) (Push some solutes out; pull some back!) [music & lyrics by Greg Crowther; used by permission]

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

62 seconds

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Scared?

6 minutes

Yep, another story. This one illustrates why we might pee our pants if we're really scared.

★ Can You Be Scared Enough To Pee Your Pants? (Slate article giving some insights and possible explanations) AandP.info/phg

★ Why Do You Have to Pee When You're Nervous? (gives some alternative explanations of peeing when scared, clarifying that it's not a settled story; from LiveScience) AandP.info/uqb

Sponsored by HAPS

50 seconds

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

Urinalysis

7.5 minutes

What?! Another story from the olden days? Yep, and this one talks about how urine is an important indicator of health and disease. Regarding the story... please do not try this in your lab course!

★ Urinalysis - StatPearls (nice summary of urinalysis) AandP.info/32q

People

Contributors: Greg Crowther (music)

Mentions: Dee Silverthorn, Jennifer Lundmark, Wayne [Buchanan]

Production: Aileen Park (announcer), Andrés Rodriguez (theme composer, recording artist), Rev.com team (transcription), Kevin Patton (writer, editor, producer, host)

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-125.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-125.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

★ theAPprofessor.org/community

Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

★ theAPprofessor.org/refer

Tools & Resources

★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates

★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J

★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander

★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ

★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW

★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp

★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform

★ QuillBot (writing tools): theAPprofessor.org/quillbot

★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor

Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!

Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram @theAPprofessor

The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.

Dr. Krista Rompolski joins us for a Journal Club episode discussing a study regarding whether it's best to have a separate anatomy course followed by a physiology course, or to combine anatomy & physiology into an integrated two-semester sequence. We've all considered this question, haven't we? Now we have some data to discuss!

00:00 | Introduction

00:45 | Journal Club

02:46 | Summary of Article

07:23 | Long-Term Retention Sucks Either Way

19:39 | Sponsored by AAA

20:35 | Cover Everything?

33:33 | Sponsored by HAPI

34:44 | Detailing the Level of Detail

50:00 | Sponsored by HAPS

50:48 | What's Best?

54:27 | Staying Connected

★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-124.html

🏅 Apply for your credential (badge/certificate) for listening to this episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-124.html/#badge

❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey

☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

✔️ Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram! @theAPprofessor

📰 Get the thrice-weekly TAPP Science & Education Updates theAPprofessor.org/updates

May your choices reflect your hopes, not your fears. (Nelson Mandela)

Journal Club

2 minutes

It's time for another Journal Club with Dr. Krista Rompolski!

• TAPP Journal Club

Summary of the Article

4.5 minutes

Krista briefly summarizes the key elements of the study that serves as the jumping-off point for this episode's discussion. All the facts, with no filler.

★ Student preference for course approach to pedagogically different methodologies in anatomy and physiology (article from Advances in Physiology Education) AandP.info/fgm

Long-Term Retention Sucks Either Way

12.5 minutes

Which is better? Anatomy, then Physiology—or combined Anatomy & Physiology?> Let's face it, as Krista points out in this segment, long-term retention sucks either way. In this segment, we go beyond that rather flip gut reaction we can all identify with to some more profound ideas about what this study means for us.

★ Faculty Mindsets & Minority Student Achievement Gaps | Journal Club | TAPP 71 (episode referenced in this segment)

Sponsored by AAA

53 seconds

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

Cover Everything?

13 minutes

Continuing the conversation in this segment, we wonder how much we should be teaching in our courses and whether integrated A&P courses allow us to "have it all" by allowing us to "remember less" because we can revisit important concepts later on, as needed. We also remind ourselves that we don't have to cover every objective recommended for the A&P course or that is in the textbook.

★ Actual Learning vs. Feeling of Learning | Journal Club Episode | TAPP 83 (episode referenced in this segment)

★ HAPS Learning Outcomes (download page for outcomes and white paper; requires login) my-ap.us/2noTclo

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

67 seconds

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Detailing the Level of Detail

15 minutes

We explore the idea of the amount of content in the A&P course as "being easy" versus "being manageable." Is an overwhelming course really best for students? Or is the main goal to provide a foundation upon which students can slowly build after leaving our course?

★ General trends in skeletal muscle coverage in undergraduate human anatomy and anatomy and physiology courses (one of the studies from "the land of O'Loughlin" referenced in this episode) AandP.info/mlq

★ Skeletal muscle coverage in undergraduate courses: a comparison of stand-alone human anatomy and anatomy and physiology (A&P) courses (another study from "the land of O'Loughlin) AandP.info/5m0

★ "What Bones And Bony Features Are You Teaching Your Students?" A Survey Of Skeletal System Coverage In Undergraduate Human Anatomy And Physiology Courses (yep, another one) AandP.info/ei0

Sponsored by HAPS

44 seconds

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

What's Best?

3.5 minutes

The definitive, immutable answer to the question of which is better, combined A&P or separate A and P.

People

Contributors: Krista Rompolski

Mentions: Jessica A Adams, Bryan M. Dewsbury, Valerie O'Loughlin

Production: Aileen Park (announcer), Andrés Rodriguez (theme composer, recording artist), Rev.com team (transcription), Kevin Patton (writer, editor, producer, host)

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-124.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-124.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

★ theAPprofessor.org/community

Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

★ theAPprofessor.org/refer

Tools & Resources

★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates

★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J

★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander

★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ

★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW

★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp

★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform

★ QuillBot (writing tools): theAPprofessor.org/quillbot

★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor

Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!

Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram @theAPprofessor

The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.

Host Kevin Patton revisits the concept of using the syllabus and other course documents to build a positive and productive course culture. Poop—it's everywhere! Does the font or typeface we use affect students—especially regarding learning and memory? We look for answers in this episode!

00:00 | Introduction

00:52 | Revisiting the Syllabus

16:28 | Poop. Poop. Poop.

19:00 | Sponsored by AAA

19:59 | Fonts Are Important in Teaching & Learning

30:54 | Sponsored by HAPI

31:57 | Desirably Difficult Reading?

42:00 | Sponsored by HAPS

43:00 | Fluent & Dysfluent Fonts

56:12 | Staying Connected

★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-123.html

🏅 Apply for your credential (badge/certificate) for listening to this episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-123.html/#badge

❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey

☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

✔️ Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram! @theAPprofessor

📰 Get the thrice-weekly TAPP Science & Education Updates theAPprofessor.org/updates

Typography must often draw attention to itself before it will be read. Yet in order to be read, it must relinquish the attention it has drawn. (Robert Bringhurst)

Revisiting the Syllabus

15.5 minutes

Creating and nurturing a course culture can be influenced by our syllabus and other course materials. We revisit this idea with a few more tips and tweaks.

★ Anatomy &; Physiology Syllabus: It's an Art | TAPP 120

★ Are We Answering Student Questions? | Science Updates | TAPP 92

★ Wendy Riggs has a huge collection of anatomy, physiology, and general bio, instructional videos she uses in her flipped classes youtube.com/user/wendogg1

★ Natalie Wade has engaging short videos about A&P content and study tips at The Anatomy Gal youtube.com/c/TheAnatomyGal

★ Jamie Chapman has a collection (Chapman Histology) of short (under 3 minutes) videos guiding students through lessons in histology youtube.com/c/ChapmanHistology

Poop. Poop. Poop.

2.5 minutes

After releasing The Poop Episode | Using Fecal Changes to Monitor Health | TAPP 121, I learned of a whole movement of poop listening on smart speakers. And that there are actually poop songs that are viral hits. Really.

★ When kids yell 'Alexa, play poop,' you'll hear these songs (story from All Things Considered on National Public Radioo) AandP.info/wv2

★ The Foot Book (Bright & Early children's book by Dr. Seuss; can be read as The Poop Book) geni.us/afvGc

★ CHOC Stool Diary AandP.info/4yq

★ Bowel Symptom Journal (from Alberta Health Services) AandP.info/6fw

★ Poop Apps: 5 Tools for Tracking Your Stools AandP.info/5ow

Sponsored by AAA

56 seconds

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANATOMY STATEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR ITS HISTORY OF RACISM (Press release from AAA, giving the full text of the statement) AandP.info/eei

Fonts Are Important in Teaching & Learning

11 minutes

At the suggestion of listener Dr. David Curole, we examine the roles that different fonts can play in teaching, learning, and memory. This segment reviews some past discussions of fonts, then introduces some new concepts of using fonts in teaching. Featured is a Word Dissection of the terms fluent font and dysfluent (disfluent) font.

★ Communication, Clarity, & Medical Errors | Episode 55

★ Anatomy & Physiology Syllabus: It's an Art | TAPP 120

★ Why Anatomy & Physiology Students Need Sectional Anatomy | TAPP 116

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

59 seconds

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Desirably Difficult Reading?

10 minutes

The article How Fonts Affect Learning and Memory by Carla Delgado takes our conversation a step further by looking the potential role of dysfluent fonts in learning.

★ How Fonts Affect Learning and Memory (article in Discover Magazine by Carla Delgado mentioned in this segment) AandP.info/wof

★ A Review of the Cognitive Effects of Disfluent Typography on Functional Reading (review article from The Design Journal) AandP.info/mwt

★ Fortune Favors the Bold (and the Italicized): Effects of Disfluency on Educational Outcomes (article from Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society) AandP.info/jjt

★ Changing Fonts in Education: How the Benefits Vary with Ability and Dyslexia (article from The Journal of Educational Research) AandP.info/yt4

★ Fluency and the Detection of Misleading Questions: Low Processing Fluency Attenuates the Moses Illusion (article from the journal Social Cognition) AandP.info/jul

Sponsored by HAPS

56 seconds

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

Fluent & Dysfluent Fonts

13 minutes

We identify some potentially fluent fonts, as well as a few dysfluent fonts (see image below or at AandP.info/ihy). Sans Forgetica font was developed specifically to be dysfluent in a way that promotes remembering what is read. Does it work? Should we incorporate dysfluent fonts in our teaching materials?

★ Fonts and Fluency: The Effects of Typeface Familiarity, Appropriateness, and Personality on Reader Judgments (thesis by Tim Wang) AandP.info/0hf

★ Previously claimed memory boosting font 'Sans Forgetica' does not actually boost memory (story from ScienceDaily) AandP.info/zp4

★ The science of Sans Forgetica - The font to remember (video from the creators of Sans Forgetica) AandP.info/ox5

★ An unforgettable year – Sans Forgetica turns one (article from the RMIT University website) AandP.info/fo3

★ Sans Forgetica: Study Mode by RMIT University (plugin for Chrome browser lets you read any web page in Sans Forgetica) AandP.info/fc3

★ Sans Forgetica (free download for personal use) AandP.info/o4g

★ Can very small font size enhance memory? (article from journal Memory & Cognition) AandP.info/rlk

★ Sans Forgetica is not desirable for learning (article from the journal Memory) AandP.info/hmu

★ The role of font size and font style in younger and older adults' predicted and actual recall performance (article from Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition) AandP.info/r6s

People

Contributors: David Curole, Terry Thompson

Mentions: Wendy Riggs, Natalie Wade, Jaime Chapman, Robert Bringhurst, Carla Delgado

Production: Aileen Park (announcer), Andrés Rodriguez (theme composer, recording artist), Rev.com team (transcription), Kevin Patton (writer, editor, producer, host)

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-123.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-123.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

★ theAPprofessor.org/community

Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

★ theAPprofessor.org/refer

Tools & Resources

★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates

★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J

★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander

★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ

★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW

★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp

★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform

★ QuillBot (writing tools): theAPprofessor.org/quillbot

★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor

Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!

Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram @theAPprofessor

The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.

Veteran A&P educator and reproduction researcher Dr. Margaret Reece joins host Kevin Patton to talk about challenges of teaching human reproduction and development. Reece also briefly discusses her online resources (MedicalScienceNavigator.com) and her experiences in helping overwhelmed A&P students succeed in their studies.

00:00 | Introduction

00:43 | Reproductive Biology

08:13 | Sponsored by AAA

08:58 | Ultrasound & Reproductive Biology

20:25 | Sponsored by HAPI

21:13 | Basic Science

35:27 | Sponsored by HAPS

36:33 | Medical Science Navigator

50:19 | Staying Connected

★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-122.html

🏅 Apply for your credential (badge/certificate) for listening to this episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-122.html/#badge

❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey

☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

✔️ Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram! @theAPprofessor

📰 Get the thrice-weekly TAPP Science & Education Updates theAPprofessor.org/updates

The greatness of humanity is not in being human, but in being humane. (Mohandas Gandhi)

Reproductive Biology

8 minutes

We meet Dr. Margaret Reece, former zoo biology researcher (primate/human reproduction) and veteran anatomy & physiology faculty.

★ About Margaret Reece (from her website) MedicalScienceNavigator.com/media-kit/

★ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 (Guillemin, Schally, Yalow—laureates mentioned in this segment) AandP.info/p9m

★ Human Pregnancy: Zygote to Embryo to Fetus (blog post mentioned in this segment) AandP.info/tl9

Sponsored by AAA

42 seconds

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

Ultrasound & Problem Pregnancy

11.5 minutes

Margaret Reece emphasizes the role of ultrasound in discovering facts about early human development. She also tells the story of an interesting ultrasound event she attended early in her career. Margaret also shares her personal story of a pregnancy problem.

★ A Short History of Sonography in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (from ObGyn journal) AandP.info/pf9

★ Molar Pregnancy (an overview from Mayo Clinic) AandP.info/oho

★ Ectopic Pregnancy (an overview from Mayo Clinic) AandP.info/03d

★ Abortion (from National Women's Health Network) AandP.info/xd0

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

21 seconds

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Basic Science

14 minutes

Dr. Reece discusses the process of determining what is appropriate coverage of basic science and clinical applications in the A&P course. She also emphasizes that processes of life appear in many different organisms. And, well, things are complicated.

★ Who Was Carl Sagan? (For those who missed the phenomenon that was Carl Sagan; from National Geographic) AandP.info/tu5

Sponsored by HAPS

36 seconds

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

HAPS Book Club Fall 2022: What Inclusive Instructors Do: Principles and Practices for Excellence in College Teaching

Medical Science Navigator

14 minutes

Margaret Reece has a website for A&P students who may feel overwhelmed with their learning tasks. It's great for faculty, too!

★ Medical Science Navigator—Help for Anatomy and Physiology Students (Margaret Reece's website) MedicalScienceNavigator.com/

★ 30-Day Challenge: Craft Your Plan for Learning Physiology ("A simple formula for getting past your anxiety that human physiology is too hard to learn!") AandP.info/ye4

★ Free Strategy Blueprint: Chart Your Course to an 'A' in Anatomy & Physiology (include three-week email course) AandP.info/45r

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-122.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-122.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

★ theAPprofessor.org/community

Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

★ theAPprofessor.org/refer

Tools & Resources

★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates

★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J

★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander

★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ

★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW

★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp

★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform

★ QuillBot (writing tools): theAPprofessor.org/quillbot

★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor

Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!

Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram @theAPprofessor

The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.

In The Poop Episode, host Kevin Patton applies stories from his experience monitoring digestive health in zoo and circus animals to human anatomy and physiology. We explore the frequency of defecation, and how to read poop for common health issues. This is the episode that tells you how to get an elephant to poop on command!

00:00 | Introduction

01:08 | Getting Our 5#!+ in Order

07:42 | Zookeepers Know Their 5#!+

23:13 | Sponsored by AAA

24:18 | No Poop July

30:58 | Sponsored by HAPI

32:07 | Poop Reading

42:12 | Sponsored by HAPS

42:58 | We All Need to Know Our 5#!+

46:24 | Staying Connected

★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-121.html

🏅 Apply for your credential (badge/certificate) for listening to this episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-121.html/#badge

❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey

☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

✔️ Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram! @theAPprofessor

📰 Get the thrice-weekly TAPP Science & Education Updates theAPprofessor.org/updates

Left foot, right foot, left foot, right. Feet in the morning, feet at night. Left foot, right foot, left foot, right. Wet foot, dry foot, high foot, low foot. Front feet, back feet, red feet, black feet. Left foot, right foot. Feet, feet, feet, how many feet you meet. (Dr. Seuss)

Getting our 5#!+ in Order

6.5 minutes

If you are offended by the use of the term poop and its vulgar synonyms, this is not the episode for you. But then, isn't vulgar language "of the common people?"—exactly the folks we teach and to whom our students will be providing care.

★ The Foot Book (Bright & Early children's book by Dr. Seuss; can be read as The Poop Book) geni.us/afvGc

Zookeepers Know Their 5#!+

15.5 minutes

Zookeepers and other animal caregivers generally keep detailed poop journals that record defecation patterns and changes in stool from day to day. These journals can give insights on health over time and can spot potential problems before they get more serious. Monitoring human poop can have similar benefits.

★ CHOC Stool Diary AandP.info/4yq

★ Bowel Symptom Journal (from Alberta Health Services) AandP.info/6fw

★ Poop Apps: 5 Tools for Tracking Your Stools AandP.info/5ow

Sponsored by AAA

61 seconds

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

No-Poop July

6.5 minutes

Holding poop back is possible. During A&P class, that's desirable. But too much poop-holding can cause problems.

★ 'No poop July' jokes are all over TikTok. Some doctors urge users not to try it for real. (from NBC News) AandP.info/d45

★ Why people should not hold in their poop (from Medical News Today) AandP.info/bzu

★ Why holding back your urge to poop can wreak havoc on your insides – a gastroenterologist explains (from The Conversation) AandP.info/8a2

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

65 seconds

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Poop Reading

10 minutes

Poop reading is monitoring poop for changes that potentially signal changes in health—especially digestive health. Some sample poop reading may help our A&P students integrate concepts and build problem-solving skills.

★ Poop 101: A beginner's guide to reading your own poop (from The Verge) AandP.info/bfu

★ Bathroom Reading: What You Can Learn from Your Poop (from Premier Health) AandP.info/mp2

★ Identifying Your Poop: What to Look For (from Healthline) AandP.info/t2i

Sponsored by HAPS

43 seconds

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

We All Need to Know our 5#!+

3.5 minutes

We revisit the taboo of poop terminology, finish our discussion, and flush.

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-121.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-121.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

★ theAPprofessor.org/community

Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

★ theAPprofessor.org/refer

Tools & Resources

★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates

★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J

★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander

★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ

★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW

★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp

★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform

★ QuillBot (writing tools): theAPprofessor.org/quillbot

★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor

Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!

Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram @theAPprofessor

The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.

Host Kevin Patton discusses the importance of the course syllabus in setting the tone for a course and helping to create a positive course culture. He includes a list of practical steps we can take as we review and update our anatomy and physiology course syllabus.

00:00 | Introduction

02:02 | What, If Anything, Is a Course Syllabus?

13:03 | Sponsored by AAA

14:16 | Sparking a Course Culture

23:58 | Sponsored by HAPI

25:07 | Odds & Ends: Part 1

36:13 | Sponsored by HAPS

37:28| Odds & Ends: Part 2

47:15 | Staying Connected

★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-120.html

🏅 Apply for your credential (badge/certificate) for listening to this episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-120.html/#badge

❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey

☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

✔️ Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram! @theAPprofessor

📰 Get the thrice-weekly TAPP Science & Education Updates theAPprofessor.org/updates

A typical syllabus is a boring list of mostly unrelated rules, regulations, and procedures. Wouldn't it work better if our syllabus was instead an engaging, illustrated story? (Kevin Patton)

What, If Anything, Is a Syllabus?

11 minutes

Getting the plural form of syllabus straightened out, we explore what sorts of syllabus exist and which one we'll focus on in this episode. Below are some other episodes related to the anatomy and physiology course syllabus:

★ The Syllabus Special | TAPP 75

★ Warnings & Safety Tips in the A&P Syllabus | Episode 57

★ The Syllabus Episode | Bonus | Episode 24

★ Are You a Warm Demander? | TAPP 115

★ The Inclusive Anatomy & Physiology Course | Part 1 | TAPP 108

★ The Inclusive Anatomy & Physiology Course | Part 2 | 8 More Tips to Include All | TAPP 109

★ The Proper Order of Topics in A&P | Leaderboards | Student Frustration | TAPP 88

Sponsored by AAA

69 seconds

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

Sparking a Course Culture

9.5 minutes

We sometimes fail to realize the power of a syllabus in providing a foundation—a spark—at the beginning of a course to form a course section's culture. That culture influences every aspect of teaching and learning for the entire term. Let's be artists when it comes to making—and tweaking our A&P course syllabus.

★ Faculty Mindsets & Minority Student Achievement Gaps | Journal Club | TAPP 71

★ The Cheater! Academic Integrity in Remote Learning | TAPP 81

★ Are You a Warm Demander? | TAPP 115

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

96 seconds

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Odds & Ends: Part 1

11 minutes

Let's talk about specific, practical things we can do make our syllabus more artful and more effective. How exactly can we make our syllabus smile and chuckle? Why is illustrating our syllabus a good idea? What about transparency?

★ The Case for Transparency | Episode 51

★ Finding Media | Images and More for Teaching Anatomy & Physiology

★ Using Media in Our A&P Course: Advice From Barbara Waxer | Episode 28

Sponsored by HAPS

72 seconds

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Please fill out the HAPS Lab Survey! (use either link)

★ form.jotform.com/212574495372159

★ Alternate link: theAPprofessor.org/hapslabsurvey

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

Odds & Ends: Part 2

10 minutes

The artful syllabus includes inclusion (see what I did there?), but how can we do that? What if our syllabus is getting too long—what strategies can we use to trim it? Come on, can we really make our syllabus into a story?! What do we mean when we say that students read and raid their syllabus?

★ The Inclusive Anatomy & Physiology Course | Part 1 | TAPP 108

★ The Inclusive Anatomy & Physiology Course | Part 2 | 8 More Tips to Include All | TAPP 109

★ The Case for Transparency | Episode 51

★ Native Land Digital (a starting point for creating a land acknowledgment) AandP.info/81f

★ A Guide to Indigenous Land Acknowledgement AandP.info/n51

★ Kevin's sample land acknowledgement lionden.com/fis.htm#land

★ Improve Accessibility with Heading Styles (a how-to from Microsoft Support; principles apply to other apps, too) AandP.info/ffq

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-120.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-120.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

★ theAPprofessor.org/community

Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

★ theAPprofessor.org/refer

Tools & Resources

★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates

★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J

★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander

★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ

★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW

★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp

★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform

★ QuillBot (writing tools): theAPprofessor.org/quillbot

★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor

Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!

Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram @theAPprofessor

The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.

Phantasia, forming mental images in our mind's eye, can be enhanced by making effective visually oriented slides. Facts about biology misconceptions can stir things up when they relate to pregnancy and abortion.

• 00:00 | Introduction
• 00:41 | Offensive, strongly disagree or disapprove
• 08:45 | Sponsored by AAA
• 09:55 | Pregnant People
• 16:27 | Sponsored by HAPI
• 17:18 | MInd's Eye: Phantasia
• 25:42 | Sponsored by HAPS
• 27:13| Mental Imagery in Slides
• 40:50| Digital Micro-Credentials
• 42:33| Single Field of View
• 49:27 | Staying Connected

★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-119.html

🏅 Apply for your credential (badge/certificate) for listening to this episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-119.html/#badge

❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey

☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

✔️ Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram! @theAPprofessor

📰 Get the thrice-weekly TAPP Science & Education Updates theAPprofessor.org/updates

Good judgment comes from experience, and a lot of that comes from bad judgment. (Will Rogers)

Offensive, strongly disagree or disapprove

8 minutes

For the first time in nearly a decade and a half, I got a blog unsubcribe notice that selected "Offensive, strongly disagree or disapprove" as the reason. It's like some of those negative responses we get in student evaluations, isn't it?

★ theAPprofessor.blogspot.com (The A&P Professor blog)

★ Subscribe to The A&P Professor blog (the Feedblitz service) AandP.info/ji6

★ Pregnancy & Abortion Misconceptions We can Fix in A&P | TAPP 118

★ Student Evaluations of Teaching I: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly | TAPP 84

★ Student Evaluations of Teaching II: Proactive, Active, and Reactive Strategies | TAPP 85

★ Mid-Semester Check-Ins Keep Your A&P Course on Track | Episode 38

★ Test Debriefing Boosts Student Learning | Episode 11

★ End-of-Term Reviews Help Keep Your Course on Track | Episode 17

Sponsored by AAA

67 seconds

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

"Air Anatomy" – Teaching Complex Spatial Anatomy Using Simple Hand Gestures (journal article in Anatomical Sciences Education) AandP.info/e49

Pregnant People

6.5 minutes

Oops, it's not only women who can be pregnant. There are men and non-binary people, for example, who can have a uterus and be pregnant. An apology.

★ Pregnancy & Abortion Misconceptions We can Fix in A&P | TAPP 118

★ Abortion Access Doesn't Only Affect Women (post from CNET) AandP.info/80m

★ Can Men Get Pregnant? (post from Healthline) AandP.info/wn4

★ PFLAG National Glossary of Terms (reference from the national organization) AandP.info/kyt

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

47 seconds

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Mind's Eye: Phantasia

8.5 minutes

Mental imagery—the mind's eye—is not experienced by everyone in the same way. For some, it's vivid and detailed and for others, it may not be there as a picture at all. It's a spectrum of abilities among humans, apparently. Phantasia is another name for this ability.

★ Mind's Eye (dictionary definition) AandP.info/er5

★ 'The Mind's Eye': Phrase Meaning & History (post from No Sweat Shakespeare) AandP.info/2xq

★ What Does it Mean to 'See With the Mind's Eye?' (article from The Atlantic) AandP.info/swj

★ Statistics of Mental Imagery (Galton's classic paper from the journal Mind) AandP.info/c23

★ Can't See Pictures in Your Mind? You're Not Alone. (article from The New York Times) AandP.info/7fc

★ Picture This? Some Just Can't (article from The New York Times) AandP.info/z0y

★ How memory is disrupted in those with disease linked to learning disabilities (article from ScienceDaily) AandP.info/sgr

★ Memories with a blind mind: Remembering the past and imagining the future with aphantasia (journal article from Cognition) AandP.info/s7u

Sponsored by HAPS

145 seconds

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Please fill out the HAPS Lab Survey! (use either link)

★ form.jotform.com/212574495372159

★ Alternate link: theAPprofessor.org/hapslabsurvey

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

Mental Imagery in Slides

13.5 minutes

How does the concept of phantasia—the mind's eye or mential imagery—apply to how we design slides for teaching? Yes, it's yet another segment from the bottomless pit of Kevin's pet theories of how slides should be used in teaching.

★ Instructional design/Reducing cognitive load in multimedia instruction/Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (article posted in Wikiversity) AandP.info/s5b

★ Teaching With Slides

★ Slides Serve the Story of Anatomy & Physiology | Episode 66

★ More Slide Tricks | Effective Teaching Presentations | TAPP 95

★ Even More Slide Tricks | Ultimate Teaching Presentations | TAPP 96

★ Teaching Slides: Smooth and Simple Animations Dramatize the Story of A&P | TAPP 89

Digital Micro-Credentials

99 seconds

Earn a micro-credential—a shareable badge and printable certificate—every time you listen to an episode of this podcast. It helps you keep track of your self-directed professional development activities and shows others what you've been learning. ⚠ NOTE: Links to the credential form for each episode is in the P Group Credentials list, not in the regular episode list as stated in this segment.

★ Micro-Credentials & Gamification in the A&P Course | Brown & Black Skin | Refresher Tests | TAPP 87

★ Education | Professional Development

★ TAPP Education | Credentials | P Group

★ Episode List

Single Field of View

7 minutes

Why is getting an image and its related text all on the same slide? Dual-channel memory. That's the short answer. The longer answer...well, that you can get when you listen to this segment!

★ Breaking It Down: Knowledge Transfer in a Multimedia Learning Environment (journal article from International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education) AandP.info/lrz

★ Give Your Course a Half Flip With a Full Twist | Episode 6 (has reference to slides)

★ Teaching Slides: Smooth and Simple Animations Dramatize the Story of A&P | TAPP 89

★ More Slide Tricks | Effective Teaching Presentations | TAPP 95

★ Section I: Introduction to Multimedia Learning (three book chapters from Multimedia Learning by Richard E. Mayer) AandP.info/m5c

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-119.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-119.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

★ theAPprofessor.org/community

Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

★ theAPprofessor.org/refer

Tools & Resources

★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates

★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J

★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander

★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ

★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW

★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp

★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform

★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor

Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!

Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram @theAPprofessor

The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.

Host Kevin Patton uses a recent article from Science News as a basis for discussing the biological processes involved in pregnancy, birth, and abortion care to clarify misconceptions and support productive public conversation.

• 00:00 | Introduction
• 00:56 | Why Address These Concepts
• 14:53 | Sponsored by AAA
• 16:15 | Strategies
• 21:44 | Sponsored by HAPI
• 22:44 | Concepts & Misconceptions
• 32:15 | Sponsored by HAPS
• 34:44| More Concepts & Misconceptions
• 43:31 | Staying Connected

★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-118.html

🏅 Apply for your credential (badge/certificate) for listening to this episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-118.html/#badge

❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey

☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

✔️ Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram! @theAPprofessor

📰 Get the thrice-weekly TAPP Science & Education Updates theAPprofessor.org/updates

Like most aspects of biology, early human development involves many complex processes. Despite the rhetoric around these issues, clear lines — between having a heart and not having a heart or being able to survive outside of the uterus — are scarce, or nonexistent. (Laura Sanders)

Why Address These Concepts?

14 minutes

As A&P faculty, should we dip our toes into the abortion care controversy? Should we look at the accuracy and completeness of our own current understanding of pregnancy, birth, and abortion care? This segments suggests a role for us.

★ Sins Against Science; A Chat with Judi Nath | TAPP 110 (a chat with the author)

★ Sins Against Science (The A&P Professor Book Club) theAPprofessor.org/bookclub.html#badge-B043

★ HAPS Book Club (how to join) theAPprofessor.org/haps (click the Contact button at the top)

★ Standardize Abortion Education Across U.S. Medical Schools (opinion of healthcare profession students wanting abortion education from MedPage Today) AandP.info/r2e

★ The US Supreme Court abortion verdict is a tragedy: this is how research organizations can help (from Nature editorial) AandP.info/2s3

★ Why hundreds of scientists are weighing in on a high-stakes US abortion case (news from Nature) AandP.info/d5t

Sponsored by AAA

80 seconds

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

★ Anatomical knowledge retention in third-year medical students prior to obstetrics and gynecology and surgery rotations (journal article from Anatomical Sciences Education by Jurjus, et al.) AandP.info/i5x

Strategies

5.5 minutes

Okay, we need to review and revise our own understanding of biological concepts surrounding pregnancy, birth, and abortion. Good. Here's a reminder—and a nudge—for how to get started on that now.

★ Sins Against Science; A Chat with Judi Nath | TAPP 110 (a chat with the author)

★ Sins Against Science (The A&P Professor Book Club) theAPprofessor.org/bookclub.html#badge-B043

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

57 seconds

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Concepts & Misconceptions

9.5 minutes

Using an article by Laura Sanders in Science News, we begin review five misunderstandings in biology that can muddy the waters in any conversation about pregnancy and abortion care.

★ 5 misunderstandings of pregnancy biology that cloud the abortion debate (feature article from Science News by Laura Sanders) AandP.info/y4x

★ Development of the human heart (from American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics) AandP.info/p91

★ Fetal pain: A systematic multidisciplinary review of the evidence.(from Journal of the American Medical Association) AandP.info/4bn

★ Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #59: The use of analgesia and anesthesia for maternal-fetal procedures (from American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology) AandP.info/wpg

★ The burden of abortion restrictions and conservative diagnostic guidelines on patient-centered care for early pregnancy loss. (from Obstetrics & Gynecology) AandP.info/ssu

★ Why Science Can't Say When a Baby's Life Begins (article from Wired)AandP.info/nte

★ Kevins Textbooks (this segment includes a quoted passage shared by several of our textbooks)

Sponsored by HAPS

145 seconds

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Please fill out the HAPS Lab Survey!

★ form.jotform.com/212574495372159

★ Alternate link: theAPprofessor.org/hapslabsurvey

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

More Concepts & Misconceptions

9 minutes

Riddle me this: when is a heart beat not really a heart beat? The discussion of muddy biology continues.

★ 5 misunderstandings of pregnancy biology that cloud the abortion debate (feature article from Science News by Laura Sanders) AandP.info/y4x

★ Development of the human heart (from American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics) AandP.info/p91

★ Fetal pain: A systematic multidisciplinary review of the evidence.(from Journal of the American Medical Association) AandP.info/4bn

★ Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #59: The use of analgesia and anesthesia for maternal-fetal procedures (from American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology) AandP.info/wpg

★ The burden of abortion restrictions and conservative diagnostic guidelines on patient-centered care for early pregnancy loss. (from Obstetrics & Gynecology) AandP.info/ssu

★ Why Science Can't Say When a Baby's Life Begins (article from Wired)AandP.info/nte

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-118.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-118.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

★ theAPprofessor.org/community

Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

★ theAPprofessor.org/refer

Tools & Resources

★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates

★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J

★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander

★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ

★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW

★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp

★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform

★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor

Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!

Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram @theAPprofessor

The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.

Sure, we're all life-long learners. But taking an actual college course from time to time throughout our teaching career can have unexpected benefits. Olfactory adaptation helps a lot when visiting the zoo, of course, but how does it really work? Researchers have found some new answers. Did you know that cerebrospinal fluid affects the process of memory? It does and we'll find out how.

00:00 | Introduction

00:43 | Olfactory Adaptation

06:23 | Sponsored by AAA

07:06 | CSF and Cognitive Decline

10:57 | Sponsored by HAPI

11:47 | Enrolling as a Student in a Course

21:33 | Sponsored by HAPS

22:24 | Lessons from Being a Student

36:03 | Staying Connected

★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-117.html

🏅 Apply for your credential (badge/certificate) for listening to this episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-117.html/#badge

❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey

☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)

✔️ Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram! @theAPprofessor

📰 Get the thrice-weekly TAPP Science & Education Updates theAPprofessor.org/updates

Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself. (John Dewey)

Olfactory Adaptation

6.5 minutes

We know that olfactory adaptation reduces perception of an persistent odor so that we can monitor our environment for new odors. But how does it work? This segments reveals some of those mysteries.

★ Olfactory Neurons Adapt to the Surrounding Environment (brief article explaining the new research) AandP.info/nxt

★ Transcriptional adaptation of olfactory sensory neurons to GPCR identity and activity (research article in Nature Communications) AandP.info/unm

Sponsored by AAA

40 seconds

A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.

Searchable transcript

Captioned audiogram

Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!

CSF and Cognitive Decline

4 minutes

Factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) help regulate oligodendrocyte development and myelin sheath health in the hippocampus. Myelinization in the hippocampus affects memory. As we age our CSF factors decline and put us at risk of memory loss. New research shows that restoring those factors can reverse memory decline. Listen and find out more!

★ Young cerebrospinal fluid improves memory in old mice (brief news post in Nature) AandP.info/be3

★ Young CSF restores oligodendrogenesis and memory in aged mice via Fgf17 (research article in Nature) AandP.info/m0a

Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program

47 seconds

The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!

northeastcollege.edu/hapi

Enrolling as a Student in a Course

10 minutes

Enrolling as a student in a college course can have benefits for faculty. Being mindful of the student experience—intentionally avoiding a focus on using our "teacher lens" —can help immerse us in being a student for a change. Besides helping us avoid burnout, there are other benefits.

★ Burnout! A Chat with Rebecca Pope-Ruark | TAPP 91

Sponsored by HAPS

48 seconds

The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!

Anatomy & Physiology Society

theAPprofessor.org/haps

Lessons from Being a Student

13.5 minutes

What can we use from a student experience in a course to help us improve our teaching and our course? A lot, it turns out.

★ Supporting Returning Learners | Episode 9

If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.

★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-117.html

★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-117.html

★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall

Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!

★ theAPprofessor.org/community

Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:

★ theAPprofessor.org/refer

Tools & Resources

★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates

★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J

★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander

★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ

★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW

★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp

★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform

★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor

Sponsors

★ Transcript and captions for this episode are supported by the American Association for Anatomy | anatomy.org

★ The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society provides marketing support for this podcast | theAPprofessor.org/haps

★ Distribution of this episode is supported by the Northeast College of Health Sciences online graduate program in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction (HAPI) | northeast.edu/hapi

Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!

Follow The A&P Professor on Twitter, Facebook, Blogger, Revue, Tumblr, or Instagram @theAPprofessor

The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links.