Why does AI answer the way it does? Even as models cite their sources, the question of “why” remains one of the most confounding in the industry, with huge implications for users and builders alike. Mozilla CTO Raffi Krikorian says much of the answer lies in open-source AI— letting users look under the hood to see what’s happening. It’s a compelling idea, one that could also impact safety and alignment. But can it thrive? And what are the risks of ceding control? In a deep conversation with Atlantic CEO Nicholas Thompson, Raffi describes a world where technology is liberated from a handful of corporations, shares his hopes and fears for AI, and reflects on his recent car crash involving a self-driving Tesla.

(00:00) Introduction: The mystery of AI decision-making and the need for transparency 

(02:25) Twitter, Uber, and the DNC: Raffi’s career history

(05:01) How centralization changed Twitter into X

(08:30) Why seven companies shouldn't control AGI 

(11:38) Mozilla's mission: Building an open AI ecosystem like Firefox did for the web 

(14:21) Is it strange that Google funds Firefox?

(16:40) The four layers of AI openness: Compute, data, models, and developer tooling

(22:20) Data ethics and provenance: Creating markets for ethically-sourced training data 

(26:44) What counts as “true” open-source AI?

(32:04) The risks of open source AI: Balancing accessibility with safety concerns 

(35:56) Should powerful AI be restricted like nuclear weapons? 

(39:17) Raffi's Tesla crash and the danger of automated complacency 

(46:56) Preserving humanity in the age of AI: Avoiding the "WALL-E" future

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