Russia's Support of the Union During the American Civil War

The sources highlight how Russia, under Czar Alexander II, played a crucial role in preventing the breakup of the United States during the Civil War. In 1863, with the war at a critical juncture, Russia dispatched its navy to the east and west coasts of the US, where they remained for seven months. This show of force was strategically timed to deter Britain and France from intervening militarily on behalf of the Confederacy.

Czar Alexander II, in an 1879 interview, confirmed that he had threatened Britain and France with war if they recognized the Confederacy, stating that he acted out of love for Russia and the understanding that a fragmented America, with Britain in control of its industrial development, would pose a greater challenge to Russia.

The sources suggest that Russia saw in the US a kindred spirit in opposing the British system of empire. The Czar particularly admired the "Hamiltonian system of economics," which had transformed the US into an industrial powerhouse. He believed that this system, with its focus on manufacturing and internal improvements, was the only one capable of effectively challenging British imperial power.

The sources provide a number of examples illustrating the close ties between the US and Russia during this period, all centered around the "American System" of economics:

• Czar Nicholas I, Alexander II's predecessor, hired American engineer George Washington Whistler to oversee the construction of Russia's first large-scale railroad in 1842.
• Henry C. Carey, a leading proponent of Hamiltonian economics, had his works promoted in Russian universities in the 1860s.
• Sergei Witte, a prominent Russian reformer and admirer of the "American System," drew inspiration from American practices while reorganizing the Russian railway system.
• The successful completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway in 1905, a project championed by Witte and involving American expertise and materials, served as a testament to the enduring influence of the "American System" on Russia's development.

The sources suggest that the shared opposition of Russia and the US to the British system of empire, combined with their mutual embrace of Hamiltonian economics, created a powerful bond between the two nations during the 19th century, a bond exemplified by Russia's crucial support for the Union during the American Civil War.

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A Mutually Beneficial Arrangement: Russia and the Alaska Purchase

The sources examine the reasoning behind Russia's decision to sell Alaska to the United States in 1867, highlighting the mutually beneficial aspects of the agreement for both nations.

• Russia, facing significant challenges and recognizing the potential for a strong alliance with America, saw the sale as a strategic move.
• The sources emphasize that influential figures in Russia, including Czar Alexander II and Ambassador Eduard de Stoeckl, understood the limitations imposed by British global dominance and saw America as a valuable partner in counterbalancing this influence.
• The sources point out that Russia was aware of America's growing power and its potential to eventually annex Alaska.
• The Crimean War had left Russia weakened, and the prospect of defending Alaska against potential British aggression presented an additional burden.

The sale of Alaska, therefore, served several strategic purposes for Russia:

• It removed a vulnerable territory from their control.
• It provided a financial boost.
• It fostered closer ties with the United States, a rising power capable of challenging British hegemony.

The sources highlight the shared vision of key figures in both Russia and the United States, who saw the transcontinental railroad as a means to connect the East and West and bring about greater economic and geopolitical integration.

• Notably, William Gilpin, a staunch advocate of the transcontinental railroad, believed that developing Alaska and connecting it to this network would bring prosperity to the region and strengthen America's position on the world stage.

The sources argue that the sale of Alaska should be seen not as a haphazard transaction, but rather as a carefully considered decision driven by a desire to strengthen ties with America and counter British influence on the global stage.

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The Deep State and the Assassination of Lincoln

The sources allege that Lincoln's assassination was part of a larger conspiracy orchestrated by a "trifold Deep State" opposed to his vision for America. This Deep State, according to the sources, consisted of three main factions:

• The Anglo-Canadian establishment: This group, descended from the "United Empire Loyalists" who fled the American Revolution, allegedly worked to undermine the United States from their bases in Canada. They were instrumental in creating the Rhodes Trust and were deeply embedded in British intelligence.
• The Eastern Establishment: These families, while remaining in the US, allegedly maintained loyalty to the British Empire and sought to advance its interests. They are accused of involving the US in the Opium trade with China and actively working to dissolve the Union.
• The Virginia Junto: This group of slave-owning aristocrats allied with the British Empire and are accused of playing a key role in the Confederacy. According to the sources, after the Civil War, figures like Albert Pike helped to restore their power.

The sources point to several lines of evidence to support their claim of a Deep State conspiracy in Lincoln's assassination:

• Booth's connections to Confederate agents in Canada: John Wilkes Booth, Lincoln's assassin, spent time in Montreal in 1864, meeting with Confederate agents like Henry Starnes, Jacob Thompson, and George Sanders. The sources highlight that a bank draft signed by Starnes was found in Booth's possession after the assassination.
• Confederate Secret Service operations in Canada: The sources claim that the Confederate Secret Service was highly active in Canada during the Civil War, using it as a base for financial warfare, terrorism, and assassination plots against the Union. Montreal, in particular, served as a key hub for these activities.
• Financial warfare against Lincoln's Greenback: Confederate bankers, with alleged ties to figures like J.P. Morgan, launched a financial war against Lincoln's Greenback currency. They are accused of manipulating gold prices to devalue the Greenback and cripple Lincoln's ability to finance the war effort.
• British support for the Confederacy: The sources accuse Britain of providing significant support to the Confederacy, including building warships and providing safe haven to Confederate agents. They also point to the near outbreak of war between the US and Britain during the Trent Affair as evidence of British hostility.

The sources maintain that despite the execution of some of Booth's co-conspirators, the true masterminds behind Lincoln's assassination escaped justice. They argue that the escape of figures like Judah Benjamin and the mysterious payment of John Surrat's bail point to a larger cover-up.

The death of Lincoln, according to the sources, allowed the Deep State to sabotage his post-war plans for Reconstruction and economic independence. They argue that this same network continued to operate in the shadows, playing a role in the assassinations of President McKinley in 1901 and President Kennedy in 1963.

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Frederick Douglass's Views on the U.S. Constitution

Initially, Frederick Douglass agreed with abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison who believed the U.S. Constitution was pro-slavery. However, Douglass later came to view the Constitution as "an anti-slavery instrument" that "demand[ed] the abolition of slavery as a condition of its own existence as the supreme law of the land". This shift in perspective stemmed from Douglass's own research and reflection on "the origin, design, nature, rights, powers, and duties of civil governments". He concluded that the Constitution, designed to "form a more perfect union, establish justice…and secure the blessings of liberty", could not logically support the perpetuation of slavery. This belief led him to start his own anti-slavery newspaper, "The North Star", and advocate for the preservation of the Union as crucial for the eventual abolition of slavery.

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The source is an excerpt from a book titled The Clash of the Two Americas. It focuses on the American Civil War and argues that the conflict was orchestrated by Britain to undermine the American Revolution. Specifically, the text claims that Abraham Lincoln's economic policies, particularly his introduction of greenbacks, were a vital step towards American independence from British financial control. The excerpt also highlights the opposition to Lincoln's policies, arguing that they were sabotaged by Wall Street financiers and the British government.

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The text from "Clash of the Two Americas" argues that a group of British-backed American figures, led by Aaron Burr, attempted to dissolve the United States in the early 19th century through a series of secessionist plots. The book highlights the alleged role of Burr and other prominent figures in manipulating political events, such as the 1800 presidential election and the 1804 duel with Alexander Hamilton, in their efforts to establish a separate confederacy. The source claims that these conspiracies, which aimed to align with the British Empire, were based on the expansion of slavery and the weakening of the American economy, leading to the creation of a powerful "deep state" that has continued to influence American politics.

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This excerpt from The Clash of the Two Americas focuses on the American System of Political Economy, which was championed by Alexander Hamilton, Abraham Lincoln and Henry Clay. This system is contrasted with the British Free Trade model favoured by Adam Smith. The American System prioritises national sovereignty, large-scale infrastructure projects, and investments in research and development to boost the productive powers of labour and national economic growth. The author argues that the American System is superior, as it encourages human creative reason and fosters a win-win system of international cooperation. The excerpt details the historical struggle between these two systems, highlighting the successes of the American System under Hamilton and Lincoln, as well as its eventual subversion by British influence.

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This excerpt from The Clash of the Two Americas argues that American history is defined by a conflict between two diametrically opposed ideologies: a nationalist, protectionist, and anti-slavery system championed by figures like Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, and Frederick Douglass, and a free-trade, pro-slavery, and individualistic system supported by British imperial forces, Southern plantation owners, and later, the New York Times’s 1619 Project. The author contends that the latter ideology, fuelled by the City of London and Wall Street, corrupted the American Republic by undermining its economic sovereignty and perpetuating slavery, ultimately leading to the Civil War.

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This text from The Clash of the Two Americas explores the impact of the 1815 Congress of Vienna on European and American politics. It argues that the Congress, led by Metternich and Castlereagh, suppressed revolutionary ideals by imposing a cultural dictatorship across Europe. The text then focuses on Marquis de Lafayette, a key figure in the American Revolution, who attempted to spark a new European revolution in 1830 but ultimately failed. The source argues that this failure, along with the rise of movements like the Young Europe Movement, led to the creation of new forms of political control and subversion, which ultimately undermined American republican principles.

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This excerpt from The Clash of the Two Americas explores the French Revolution, arguing that its narrative has been distorted by British mythmaking. The author highlights the role of influential figures like Marquis Lafayette and Jean-Sylvain Bailly, who initially sought to establish a constitutional monarchy. However, the revolution was hijacked by Jacobins, leading to the Reign of Terror and widespread violence. The author attributes this to the intervention of British bankers who crippled the French economy and fuelled social unrest. Ultimately, the revolution failed to achieve its initial goals and led to a period of chaos and Napoleon's rise to power.

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