On 17 February 1864, as the American Civil War was nearing its end, the USS Housatonic, a sloop of war, was sunk. The Housatonic was on station as part of the Union naval blockade of Charleston harbour, South Carolina – stopping Rhett Butler blockade running. It’s sinking gave it a place forever in military history. The first ship ever sunk by a submarine - the Confederate submarine –the H. L. Hunley, named after its inventor. Unfortunately for the crew, all 8 of them perished. But how? Well the submarine was found in 2000 – about 300 metres from where the Housatonic had gone down.
When it was recovered the eight man crew were found sitting (their skeletons) at their stations as if nothing had happened. Initially, the discovery of the submarine only deepened the mystery. The crew were seated at their stations along a hand-crank that drove the cigar-shaped craft. They hadn’t attempted to escape when their submarine began to sink. One historian said: “If anyone had survived, they may have tried to release the keel ballast weights, set the bilge pumps to pump water, or tried to get out the hatches, but none of these actions were taken.”
The crew had suffered no visible injuries, no broken bones and the air hatches were closed. Except for a hole in the conning tower and a small window that may have been broken, the sub was remarkably intact. Speculation about their deaths had included suffocation and drowning but if that had happened they wouldn’t have been found at their posts would they
In 2017 Dr Rachel Lance and her team, after three years of experiments, at Duke University finally found out how the crew had died. The weapon that this early submarine carried was a copper keg containing about 6kg of gunpowder, which in those days they called a torpedo (same name but very different today) The torpedo was at the end of a 6 metre pole at the front of the submarine. The weapon was delivered by ramming the submarine into the hull of the target ship. The powder charge in the keg would then explode, sinking the ship, as had happened.
The blast from this explosive barrel created a shock wave great enough to instantly rupture the blood vessels in the lungs and the brains of all of the crew. Dr Lance said: “This is the characteristic trauma of blast victims, they call it ‘blast lung’. You have an instant fatality that leaves no marks on the skeletal remains. Unfortunately, the soft tissues that would show us what happened have decomposed in the past hundred years.”
So yes they had a submarine in the American Civil War – just the one. Warfare had now taken its first faltering steps to going under the waves.
In this programme I’m going to talk about submarines, sea monsters, a submarine that was so full of shit that it sank, and how a submarine taught Vladimir Putin how to rule – forever – well until death do him part.
Tag words: American Civil War; USS Housatonic; Rhett Butler; H. L. Hunley; Dr Rachel Lance; Duke University; Vladimir Putin; sea monster; World War I; Loch Ness monster; Daily Mail; Robert Wilson; Smithsonian Museum of Natural History; HMS Coreopsis; U-Boat; UB-85; Kapitan Günther Krech; Gary Campbell; Thomas Crapper; Sir John Haringon; Queen Elizabeth I; Alexander Cummins; crap; Type VII U-Boat; U-1206; Kapitan Karl-Adolf Schlitt; Kursk; Stalingrad; K-141; Oscar II Class nuclear powered cruise missile carrying submarine; Vladimir Putin; Edward Snowden; Lt. Captain Dimitri Kolesnikov; Mammoet; Northern Fleet; apparatchnik; Communist; George Orwell; Larry King; Nadezhda Tylik; Sergeant Sergei Tylik; Prime Minister Ilya Klebanov; The Intercept; KGB;